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This article was automatically translated from the original Turkish version.
Hormuz Strait Crisis (2026) is a crisis that acquired military and commercial dimensions following the announcement on 2 March 2026 by Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps that all transit through the Hormuz Strait had been closed, after the attacks launched by the United States and Israel against Iran on 28 February 2026. By 5 March 2026, commercial shipping traffic through the Hormuz Strait had effectively come to a halt.
Hormuz Strait - (Anadolu Ajansı)
The Hormuz Strait is a narrow waterway at the mouth of the Persian Gulf that connects oil and liquefied natural gas (LNG) production in the Middle East to global markets via the Sea of Oman and the Indian Ocean.
Approximately 20 million barrels of oil pass through the strait daily, equivalent to about 20 percent of global daily oil consumption. This strategic passage is vital for transporting large volumes of oil from Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Iraq, Kuwait and Iran and all of Qatar’s liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports to international markets.
About 20 percent of global LNG exports transit through the Hormuz Strait. Nearly all of Qatar’s LNG exports, one of the world’s largest exporters, reach international markets via this route. A significant portion of these shipments is destined for Asian countries such as China, India, Japan and South Korea.
According to data from the United Kingdom Maritime Trade Operations (UKMTO), the Hormuz Strait historically sees an average of 138 vessels per day.
28 February 2026 saw the outbreak of hostilities in the region following attacks launched by the United States and Israel against Iran. Iran responded with strikes against Israeli targets as well as U.S. bases and facilities in the region.
Iranian media claimed that the passage of ships and oil tankers through the Hormuz Strait had been halted, effectively “closing” the strait. Reports in international media, citing a European Union official, stated that the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) had issued messages to vessels intending to use the strait: “No vessel will be permitted to pass.”
However, no official statement from Iran on 28 February declared the strait closed. The United Kingdom Maritime Trade Operations (UKMTO), in its advisory, noted “significant” military activity in the region and warned mariners to be alert to increased electronic interference and disruptions in Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) and other navigation or communication systems.
UKMTO also reported receiving multiple reports via international calling channel VHF Channel 16 concerning claims that the Hormuz Strait had been closed. It clarified that these claims had not been verified, that statements on VHF Channel 16 are not legally binding, and that they do not constitute any restriction on navigation under international law. UKMTO urged vessels to proceed with extreme caution.
On 28 February 2026, commercial vessel traffic continued heavily through the Hormuz Strait, although some container ships were observed making U-turns in the Oman Gulf and Hormuz Strait, while other commercial vessels had begun anchoring in the Gulf.
1 March 2026, Iranian state television reported that an oil tanker attempting to pass through the Hormuz Strait despite warnings had been struck.
According to the report, an oil tanker attempting an “illegal” transit through the strait in disregard of warnings was targeted. Footage was released showing the tanker engulfed in flames and sinking.
On the same day, the German-based company Hapag-Lloyd, one of the world’s largest container shipping companies, announced that all vessel transits through the Hormuz Strait would be suspended until further notice.
In its statement regarding transit through the Hormuz Strait, the company stated: “Due to the ongoing conflict in the Middle East and the deteriorating security situation in the region, and in light of official closure of the Hormuz Strait by relevant authorities, Hapag-Lloyd is suspending all vessel transits through this waterway until further notice.”
The statement emphasized that the safety and security of crew, vessels and cargo remain the highest priority, and that the decision was not voluntary but a necessary step in response to current conditions and regulatory constraints.
The company noted it was closely monitoring rapidly evolving developments and maintaining continuous contact with authorities, and added:
“As a result of this situation, delays, rerouting or schedule adjustments may occur for services calling at ports in the Persian Gulf. We are working to minimize disruptions and will communicate significant changes affecting affected shipments as soon as possible.”
1 March 2026, the Danish-based company Maersk, one of the world’s largest container shipping companies, announced it had halted all vessel transits through the Hormuz Strait until further notice.
In its written statement, Maersk referenced information regarding the situation in the Hormuz Strait following the joint attacks by the United States and Israel against Iran, which were alleged to have prompted Iran to close the strait.
The statement affirmed that the safety of crew, vessels and cargo aboard Maersk ships remained the company’s top priority, and declared: “We are suspending all vessel transits through the Hormuz Strait until further notice.”
Delays, route changes or schedule adjustments for services calling at regional ports were noted as possible.
1 March 2026, French channel BFMTV reported that following the U.S. and Israeli attacks on Iran and Iran’s retaliatory strikes, congestion had emerged in Hormuz Strait traffic, and the French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle was moving toward the Eastern Mediterranean.
According to the report, after the U.S. and Israeli attacks, Iran targeted locations in several regional countries hosting U.S. bases, including Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain, and congestion had developed in shipping traffic through the Hormuz Strait. As a result, France’s nuclear-powered aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle and its accompanying vessels cut short their operations in the Baltic Sea and were deployed to the Eastern Mediterranean.
Laurent Martens, General Representative of the French Shipowners’ Association Armateurs de France, told the national press that 60 vessels flying the French flag or owned by French companies were trapped in the Persian Gulf.
Martens said these vessels had passed through the Hormuz Strait and, following instructions from the French navy to seek safe anchorage, had moved to ports in the region. The safety of the crews was confirmed. Martens assessed that French vessels were not “priority targets” in Iran’s attacks.
1 March 2026, the United Kingdom Maritime Trade Operations (UKMTO) announced that the maritime security situation in the Hormuz Strait had escalated to its highest risk level, “critical”, following confirmation of multiple attacks on commercial vessels in the Oman Gulf, near Musandam and in the territorial waters of the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
UKMTO reported that multiple vessels in the Oman Gulf, near Musandam and UAE coastal waters had been targeted by missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles. Attacks were confirmed on the crude oil and oil tankers named SKYLIGHT, MKD VYOM and SEA LA DONNA within the last 24 hours.
UKMTO stated no connection could be found between these vessels and any specific characteristics that would make them suitable targets, and added: “Although the Hormuz Strait has not been officially closed, the operational environment in this region reflects active kinetic threat conditions.”
The average daily vessel transits through the Hormuz Strait are 138, but over the past 24 hours this number had fallen by more than 20 percent to approximately 110. This decline was described as a temporary reaction rather than a structural reduction.
It was anticipated that vessel congestion would increase near UAE coastal ports, Oman waters and anchorage areas near the Hormuz Strait as operators delay transits until the situation becomes clearer.
2 March 2026, several maritime insurance companies announced they had canceled war risk coverage for vessels in the region following the weekend’s joint attacks by the United States and Israel against Iran.
The U.K.-based NorthStandard and London P&I Club, Norway-based Gard and Skuld, and the American Club announced on their websites that they had received cancellation notices from their reinsurers regarding war risks in Iran and the Persian Gulf.
The notices stated that war risk coverage will be excluded for Iranian waters and adjacent Gulf waters. The decision was set to take effect as of 5 March 2026.
2 March 2026, oil tanker transits through the Hormuz Strait came to a standstill as security risks reached their highest level, with over 700 tankers stranded on both sides of the strait.
According to analysis by real-time data analytics firm Kpler, on 27 February 2026, 15 tankers carrying 21 million barrels of crude oil and petroleum products transited the strait. On 28 February 2026, transits rose to 18 vessels carrying 21.6 million barrels.
As tensions escalated, on 1 March 2026, only three tankers passed through the strait, carrying a total of 2.8 million barrels of crude oil and petroleum products. One of these tankers was carrying approximately 2 million barrels of crude oil.
As of 2 March, it was reported that 706 non-Iranian tankers were waiting on either side of the Hormuz Strait. Their distribution was as follows:
These tankers are anchored at various locations in the Persian Gulf (west of the strait), the Oman Gulf (east of the strait), and the Arabian Sea.
Due to navigation disruption in the Hormuz Strait, vessels are heading to UAE ports, 2 March 2026 - (Anadolu Ajansı)
2 March 2026, Brigadier General Ibrahim Jabbari, Advisor to the Commander-in-Chief of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, announced that transit through the Hormuz Strait had been closed.
Speaking on Iranian state television, Jabbari stated that in response to U.S.-Israeli attacks, no transit would be permitted through the Hormuz Strait, and declared:
“The Hormuz Strait is closed. We will attack and set fire to any vessel attempting to pass. (Vessels attempting to pass) will be burned by our heroic personnel in the IRGC Navy and Ground Forces. Do not come to this region. Oil prices have reached $82, and the world is certainly expecting them to reach at least $200. We will also attack oil pipelines and will not allow a single drop of oil to leave the region.”
On the same day, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps issued another statement saying that 26 unmanned aerial vehicles and five ballistic missiles were launched against fixed and mobile U.S. military targets in Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and the Hormuz Strait.
3 March 2026, following the closure of the Hormuz Strait, maritime traffic to and from the Gulf came to a standstill. It was reported that numerous vessels were stranded in the region as of 3 March. Concerns over disruptions to global energy supplies intensified, leading to price increases in international markets.
Maritime research firm Drewry noted that with the closure of the Hormuz Strait, shipping companies are expected to seek alternative solutions involving land transport and loading from ports outside the Gulf.
It was reported that the significant closure of airspace in Gulf countries had disrupted air cargo operations and crew movements, with no clear timeline for reopening.
In this context, shipping companies were expected to further reduce transit through the Suez Canal and prioritize routes around the Cape of Good Hope.
Cargo owners were reported to be facing higher freight rates, longer transit times, supply chain delays and risks of equipment shortages, with anticipated increases in fuel costs.
According to Windward data, vessel transits through the Hormuz Strait dropped to 7 on 2 March 2026 and further to 4 on 3 March 2026, representing a 90 percent decline compared to the average over the previous seven days.
Vessel traffic in the Hormuz Strait, 5 March 2026 - (Anadolu Ajansı)
According to MarineTraffic data, crude oil tanker traffic through the Hormuz Strait on the same dates had also declined by 90 percent compared to pre-attack levels.
3 March 2026, European gas prices rose by more than 100 percent following the closure of the Hormuz Strait and the shutdown of production at a liquefied natural gas (LNG) facility owned by Qatar Energy.
It was reported that one of the unmanned aerial vehicles launched from Iran targeted the Qatar Energy LNG production facility in Ras Laffan Industrial City, prompting the company to halt LNG production. The inability to export LNG through the strait, combined with the shutdown of production at Qatar—a critical hub in global LNG supply—accelerated the rise in European gas prices.
At the Netherlands-based virtual natural gas trading hub TTF, the price for April futures contracts rose to €65.5 per megawatt-hour as of 3 March 2026. Prior to the U.S.-Israeli attacks, prices had closed at €31.95 per megawatt-hour on 27 February 2026.
According to these figures, European gas prices had surpassed a 100 percent increase compared to pre-attack levels, with a 47 percent increase recorded within the same day compared to the previous close.
3 March 2026, U.S. President Donald Trump announced that the U.S. Navy would escort tankers transiting the Hormuz Strait if necessary.
In a social media post, Trump stated he had directed the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (DFC) to immediately provide political risk insurance and guarantees for all maritime trade through the Gulf, particularly energy shipments. This measure was stated to apply to all shipping companies.
In his statement, Trump used the following words: “If necessary, the U.S. Navy will begin escorting tankers through the Hormuz Strait as soon as possible.”
4 March 2026, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps announced that it had struck more than ten oil tankers attempting to transit the Hormuz Strait in defiance of its declared transit ban.
According to a report by the semi-official Fars News Agency, citing the IRGC, tankers that ignored repeated warnings about the strait’s insecurity had been targeted with various munitions and rendered inoperable.
The report stated that the Hormuz Strait was under wartime conditions, with vessels vulnerable to damage from missiles or unguided drones. It therefore advised vessels not to transit the area.
On 4 March, Deputy Commander of the IRGC Navy, Mohammad Ekberzade, stated that the Hormuz Strait was under “full control.” Speaking to Fars News Agency, Ekberzade said that after Iran declared a transit ban, passage for oil, commercial and fishing vessels through the strait was no longer possible.
Ekberzade, in his message to global maritime traffic, stated that the Hormuz Strait was entirely under wartime conditions and vessels risked damage from rockets or unmanned aerial vehicles. He therefore urged vessels not to transit the area.
Ekberzade confirmed that more than ten oil tankers had been targeted and destroyed with various munitions and added: “At this moment, the Hormuz Strait is under the full control of the Iranian Navy.”
On 5 March, Deputy Commander of the IRGC’s Hatem al-Anbiya Headquarters, Kiyomers Haydari, argued that the Hormuz Strait had not been closed.
Speaking to Iranian state television, Haydari said criticisms claiming Iran had closed the strait misrepresented the facts. He stated: “Criticism that we closed the Hormuz Strait misrepresents the truth. We did not close it; the United States closed it. The Hormuz Strait is a minor element of our war. We have many other options. We did not close the Hormuz Strait; vessels complying with international protocols continue their passage.” Haydari affirmed that vessels adhering to international protocols were continuing transit.
On the same day, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps announced that a U.S. oil tanker in the Persian Gulf had been struck by a missile. The IRGC Navy reported that the U.S. oil tanker, struck by a missile in the northern Persian Gulf, had caught fire and continued to burn.
The IRGC asserted that control over transit through the Hormuz Strait during wartime belonged to Iran. The statement declared that no transit permission would be granted to military or commercial vessels belonging to the United States, Israel, European countries or their supporters; such vessels would be targeted if detected.
On 5 March 2026, maritime workers in Greece went on a 24-hour strike due to Greek seafarers trapped in the Hormuz Strait. Led by the Maritime Federation, protesters gathered in front of the Greek Shipowners’ Association in Athens and marched to the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Island Policy. Protesters demanded the safe return of Greek seafarers in the region and called on the Greek government not to intervene in the attacks launched by the United States and Israel against Iran on 28 February 2026.
Maritime transport across the country was suspended for 24 hours as part of the strike. Greek Deputy Minister of Maritime Affairs and Island Policy Stefanos Gikas, in a parliamentary statement, reported that 32 vessels flying the Greek flag were located in the Hormuz Strait, Oman Gulf and surrounding areas, with the total number of vessels linked to Greece reaching 160.
On 5 March, Iran’s Permanent Mission to the United Nations (UN) announced that the claim that Iran had closed the Hormuz Strait was baseless and absurd. The statement read: “The claim that Iran closed the Hormuz Strait is baseless and absurd. Iran continues to uphold its commitment to international law and freedom of navigation. In reality, it is the United States that is endangering maritime security.”
The same statement claimed that Iran’s Dena frigate had been sunk by the United States. It stated that the frigate, while visiting Indian naval forces approximately 2,000 nautical miles from Iranian coasts in international waters, was struck without warning by a U.S. submarine and sunk, resulting in the deaths of over 100 sailors. The statement added: “This reckless attack violates the fundamental principles of international law and freedom of navigation.”
On 5 March 2026, the price of Brent crude oil rose above $85 per barrel on international futures markets. Brent crude, which had closed at $81.40 the previous day, rose approximately 5.4 percent to $85.82 by 22:18 local time. At the same time, West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude traded at $81.41 per barrel.
The price increase was linked to heightened risks to energy production, oil shipments and maritime transport due to escalating conflict between the United States, Israel and Iran. It was reported that a facility owned by Bahrain’s national oil company had been targeted in a retaliatory strike from Iran, and an attack had been carried out against a U.S.-owned oil tanker at the Hor al-Zubair Port in Basra, Iraq. Technically, $87.42 per barrel was seen as resistance and $82.83 per barrel as support for Brent crude.
On March 6, 2026, U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent announced the issuance of a 30-day temporary exemption allowing Indian refineries to purchase Russian crude oil. In a social media post, Bessent stated that President Donald Trump’s energy agenda had resulted in the country’s oil and natural gas production reaching unprecedented levels and added, “To ensure the continued flow of oil into global markets, the Treasury Department is issuing a 30-day temporary exemption permitting Indian refineries to purchase Russian crude oil.””
Bessent emphasized that the measure was deliberately short-term and applied only to transactions involving oil already stranded at sea. He noted that this would not provide significant financial benefit to the Russian government. Bessent also underscored India’s importance as a key partner of the United States and added, “We expect New Delhi to increase its purchases of U.S. oil. This temporary measure will alleviate the pressure caused by Iran’s attempt to hold global energy hostage.””
On March 6, 2026, Qatar announced that its stockpiles of food and medical supplies remain at sufficient levels following the near-halt of transit through the Strait of Hormuz.
A written statement by the Qatari Ministry of Interior confirmed that stockpiles across the country are adequate and that markets and healthcare institutions continue to operate normally.
The statement included the assertion that “Food and medical supply stockpiles are at sufficient levels to ensure continuity of supply and meet public needs in accordance with approved emergency plans.” A call for common sense was issued to citizens and residents, with emphasis placed on the importance of maintaining market stability.
In its public statement, Qatar added, “We urge the public to avoid hoarding, to act responsibly, and to contribute to market stability by continuing prudent consumption.””
On March 6, 2026, U.S. Energy Secretary Chris Wright responded to a question about whether the U.S. Navy would escort tankers through the Strait of Hormuz with the reply: “As soon as possible.”
Wright stated that the focus of U.S. military assets is “to suppress Iran’s capacity to harm its neighbors and Americans in the region.” He added, “Therefore, we must first significantly reduce their ability to cause trouble. Then, as soon as feasible, we will allow ships to pass through the strait and restore energy flows.”
When asked why the United States permitted India to import Russian crude oil, Wright described it as a pragmatic step and stated: “This is not a change in policy toward Russia. However, there are many Russian oil tankers near Indian refineries in South Asia. India and all Asian countries rely heavily on oil transported through the Strait of Hormuz. The problem is here. We seek pragmatic solutions to ensure refineries can continue operating.”
Wright noted that shipping American oil to the region takes longer and confirmed that decisions had been made to transport some of the “floating barrels” currently in the market to refineries.
Regarding the duration of gasoline price declines, Wright said: “I think it will last at most a few weeks, not months.” In the same statement, he assessed: “Iran has caused energy price spikes for 47 years, throughout the entire history of its regime. Right now we are experiencing a brief interruption as we finally put an end to their ability to destroy, kill Americans, and terrorize neighbors.”
In response to whether the U.S. administration was considering reopening nuclear facilities to reduce energy costs, Wright replied: “Absolutely.”
On March 6, 2026, Iran’s General Staff Spokesperson, Brigadier General Ebulfazl Shikarchi, stated on state television that Iran was not targeting regional countries in relation to the situation in the Strait of Hormuz and that operations were directed solely at the United States and Israel. Shikarchi said: “We have not closed the Strait of Hormuz and we will not close it.” He added that the strait is a vital route for global trade and that Iran places great importance on the security of this international waterway.
The Iranian general stated that transit through the strait would not be blocked, but that security could not be guaranteed under wartime conditions. He declared: “We will not permit two types of vessels to pass through the Strait of Hormuz: those affiliated with the American and Zionist regimes. If they attempt to pass, they will be targeted. Only two flags are not allowed to pass: the American flag and the Zionist flag. Other countries may sail under any flag they choose.”
Referring to U.S. President Donald Trump’s statement about sending U.S. escorts for vessels in the Strait of Hormuz, Shikarchi said: “Iran welcomes and looks forward to the presence of U.S. forces escorting oil tankers and facilitating passage through the Strait of Hormuz.”
Shikarchi affirmed that Iran would continue targeting U.S. and Israeli forces without restriction and warned: “More advanced weapons will soon be used.” He noted that further details regarding an incident at a U.S. base in Bahrain were expected to be released the next day. The Iranian general added: “Our attacks against the United States and the Zionist regime will increase daily. We will reveal more surprises for the United States and the Zionist regime.”
On March 7, 2026, Iran announced that an oil tanker, the “Prima,” had been struck by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in the Strait of Hormuz for “ignoring repeated warnings.” The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) stated that despite repeated warnings from the Iranian Navy that the Strait of Hormuz was unsafe and closed to traffic, the tanker attempted to pass through and was targeted by a UAV. The statement emphasized that the attack occurred due to the vessel’s disregard of prior warnings.
The earlier statements by IRGC Spokesperson Brigadier General Ebulfazl Shikarchi regarding vessel transit through the Strait of Hormuz were again brought into focus. Shikarchi reiterated: “We will not permit two types of vessels to pass through the Strait of Hormuz: those affiliated with the American and Zionist regimes. If they attempt to pass, they will be targeted. Only two flags are not allowed to pass: the American flag and the Zionist flag. Other countries may sail under any flag they choose.”
On March 7, 2026, U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, in an interview with Fox Business, signaled that some sanctions on Russian crude oil could be eased as part of steps to maintain global oil supply.
Bessent recalled the 30-day temporary exemption previously granted to Indian refineries for purchasing Russian oil and praised India’s “positive stance” on energy supply. Addressing the volatility in global oil markets following U.S. and Israeli strikes on Iran and Iran’s retaliatory missile attacks, Bessent emphasized that ensuring the flow of oil to markets remained the top priority. He indicated the possibility of lifting certain sanctions on Russian oil and noted that additional measures to safeguard global supply were under review.
On March 7, 2026, Iran announced that the oil tanker “Louise P,” flying the flag of the Marshall Islands, had been struck in the Persian Gulf “on the grounds that it was owned by the United States.” According to the IRGC statement, the vessel was targeted by a UAV on the afternoon of March 7 by the IRGC Navy. The statement confirmed that the ship was attacked because it was deemed a U.S.-affiliated asset. The IRGC had previously declared that all U.S. and Israeli assets in the region were legitimate targets.
On March 9, 2026, South Korean President Lee Jae Myung issued directives to accelerate measures to ensure energy supply security following the escalation of tensions in the Middle East due to U.S. and Israeli attacks on Iran.
In an inter-ministerial meeting, Lee stated: “As the crisis in the Middle East deepens, uncertainty in the local and global economic environment is expanding significantly, posing a serious burden on the South Korean economy, which relies heavily on energy imports and trade from the Middle East.” He noted that the situation’s trajectory was unpredictable and added: “The government must prepare preventive measures with a sense of urgency, even accounting for worst-case scenarios.”
Lee instructed the government and the Bank of Korea to prepare for “instability” in foreign exchange markets and indicated that the market stabilization program, worth approximately $67 billion (100 trillion won), could be expanded if necessary. On energy supply, Lee said: “We will cooperate with our strategic partners to immediately explore alternative routes that do not require passage through the Strait of Hormuz.”
Lee also demanded strict measures against secret agreements, price manipulation, and stockpiling between refineries and gas stations, calling for stringent penalties and the introduction of a ceiling price system for gasoline and diesel.
On March 9, 2026, U.S. President Donald Trump, speaking to journalists aboard Air Force One, said he was not concerned about rising gasoline prices amid ongoing U.S. and Israeli attacks on Iran and Iran’s retaliatory strikes.
In response to questions about concerns over gasoline prices, Trump replied: “No, this is just a short trial of something that should have been done 47 years ago. It took 47 years to do this, and no president had the courage to do it.”
Regarding maritime traffic in the Strait of Hormuz, Trump stated that ships in the region had joined the U.S. effort, though operations were not yet complete, and added: “We destroyed their navy. Their fleet is now at the bottom of the sea. This is a choice.”
Trump acknowledged that oil prices could rise but defended the expectation that they would “fall very quickly.” He also said: “What we are doing is not just great for our country, Israel, and the Middle East—it is great for the entire world.” He noted that the United States possesses “a tremendous amount of oil” that has not yet been used and assessed: “There is a lot of oil outside. This will improve very quickly.”
The rising military tensions following U.S. and Israeli attacks on Iran have affected not only security balances in the Persian Gulf but also cruise tourism and transportation sectors. The closure of airspaces, disruptions at ports, and security risks in the Strait of Hormuz have transformed into a direct threat to international travel and maritime tourism.
Thousands of passengers aboard at least six cruise ships docked at ports in Dubai, Abu Dhabi, and Doha have been unable to disembark, while the suspension of air traffic has left their return home uncertain. The prolonged anchoring of these vessels has increased operational costs for shipping companies, and canceled voyages and refunds have created financial burdens.
With the season nearing its end, the inability to reposition ships to European waters has raised the risk of cascading disruptions to Mediterranean and European cruise programs during the summer months. It was noted that if the military tension persists, the Gulf region could suffer significant losses in tourism revenue, particularly affecting economic activities centered on cruise tourism and air transport.
American cruise tourism expert Stewart Chiron stated that the six cruise ships operating in the Persian Gulf had headed toward Abu Dhabi and Dubai seeking safe ports. Chiron noted that companies were working to ensure passenger and vessel safety and added: “Ships will depart from ports once it is deemed safe to return to sea. Future voyages in the region have been canceled.”
Chiron also indicated that the current season in the Gulf region had effectively ended and noted that cruise companies could reposition their vessels to alternative destinations if deemed safe, adjusting their programs accordingly. Future season planning, he said, would depend on how the situation in the region unfolds.
On March 9, 2026, the Bangladeshi government decided to initiate the Ramadan holiday early at universities as part of conservation measures against an electricity and fuel crisis triggered by global developments.
According to a report in the Daily Star newspaper, Dhaka authorities took preventive steps in response to the potential for geopolitical developments to trigger a global electricity and fuel crisis. Under a directive issued by the Ministry of Education, the Ramadan holiday began on March 9 at all public and private universities. The directive also requested universities to keep doors and windows open during daylight hours when natural light is sufficient, turn off all unnecessary lights and electrical appliances, and limit vehicle usage.
On March 9, 2026, Tamaki Yuiichiro, leader of Japan’s Democratic Party for the People (Kokumin), drew attention to the impact of the war in the Middle East on energy prices and called for the immediate full-capacity operation of all nuclear power plants in Japan.
Tamaki stated that the expanding conflict between the United States and Israel and Iran poses a serious threat to Japan’s energy supply. He noted that Japan obtains approximately 95 percent of its oil and 11 percent of its liquefied natural gas (LNG) imports from the Middle East. He emphasized that the effective closure of the Strait of Hormuz due to the conflict has heightened risks.
In his statement, Tamaki said: “As tensions in Iran rise, we must fully utilize nuclear plants as carbon-free energy sources to reduce dependence on foreign supplies; otherwise, electricity price hikes are inevitable. A policy change is necessary to protect the livelihoods of the people.”
On March 9, 2026, the United Kingdom-based automotive service organization, the Royal Automobile Club (RAC), urged drivers to use fuel more efficiently in response to rising fuel prices following the halt in oil trade through the Strait of Hormuz.
Due to escalating conflicts in the Middle East and threats to energy shipments through the Strait of Hormuz, the price of Brent crude oil has exceeded $100 per barrel. The disruption of shipments through the Strait of Hormuz, which accounts for approximately 20 percent of global oil supply, has impacted global fuel prices.
RAC Policy Director Simon Williams noted that average gasoline and diesel prices had risen rapidly in recent days and reported that gasoline prices have increased by about 4 percent since February 28 and diesel prices by 6.3 percent. Williams advised drivers to continue purchasing fuel normally but to compare prices between stations. The statement emphasized that avoiding harsh acceleration and braking and maintaining proper tire pressure could contribute to fuel savings.
On March 9, 2026, at a Eurogroup meeting in Brussels, the economic impacts of the conflict in the Middle East and rapidly rising oil prices were discussed. European Commission Vice President for Economy Valdis Dombrovskis said: “The focus of the Eurogroup meeting will be the economic impact of the conflict in the Middle East.” Dombrovskis noted that the economic impact would depend on the duration and regional spread of the conflict.
Dombrovskis warned that prolonged disruptions in shipping through the Strait of Hormuz and continued attacks on Gulf energy infrastructure could trigger a stagflation shock in the global and European economies, leading to higher energy prices, increased inflation, loss of confidence, supply chain disruptions, and tighter financing conditions.
Dombrovskis identified the primary channel of economic impact as disruptions in energy supply and price increases, noting that one of the key options under consideration is the release of strategic oil reserves.
On the same day, Ali Laricani, Secretary of Iran’s Supreme National Security Council, addressed the disruptions in maritime traffic through the Strait of Hormuz. Laricani stated that the conflicts in the Strait of Hormuzand the disruption of shipping were caused by themilitary activities of the United States and Israelin the region. He stated: “It is impossible to ensure security in the Strait of Hormuz due to the war ignited by the United States and Israel. This is precisely the plan of those who have actively supported this war.”
Russian President Vladimir Putin, noting that the closure of the Strait of Hormuz could lead to a complete halt in regional oil production, said that Russia is ready to resume energy cooperation with Europe.
Putin spoke during a meeting with Russian government officials in Moscow on recent developments in the energy sector. He pointed out that oil prices had risen by 30 percent in a week due to developments in the Middle East, saying: “We must understand that current high commodity prices are certainly temporary. This is very clear.” He emphasized that Russian companies must take advantage of the current high energy prices.
Putin noted that Europe had planned to completely halt imports of Russian natural gas and stated that Russia could have similarly suspended gas shipments to Europe in the past. He drew attention to the closure of the Strait of Hormuz, saying: “Oil production dependent on this route could cease entirely next month.” Putin affirmed that Russia continues to supply energy to reliable partners and added: “If European companies decide to offer long-term, sustainable, politically independent cooperation with us, we are ready to work with Europeans.” He added that a signal from Europe was required for such cooperation to proceed.
U.S. President Donald Trump, in a telephone interview with American CBS News, assessed the course of the war with Iran. Trump stated that he believed the United States had largely achieved its objectives in the war with Iran, saying: “I think the war is largely over. Their navy is gone, their communication systems are gone, their air force is gone.” He claimed that the initial goals set for Iran had been reached far sooner than the originally projected four to five weeks.
Regarding Iran’s new leader, Mucteba Hamaney, Trump said: “I have nothing to say to him. Nothing.” He indicated he was considering who might succeed Hamaney but provided no details.
On the Strait of Hormuz, Trump said he was considering taking control of the strait and warned Iran: “They have fired everything they had. It would be better if they stop trying to be nice, otherwise their country will come to an end.”
On the evening of March 9, Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif announced a two-month period of conservation measures to counter the economic impact of the conflict between the United States, Israel, and Iran.
Sharif stated that over the next two months, fuel allowances for official vehicles would be reduced by 50 percent and 60 percent of government-owned vehicles would be taken out of service. Cabinet members would forgo their salaries for two months, and members of parliament would face a 25 percent salary cut. Government department expenditures would be reduced by 20 percent, and official foreign travel by government officials would be banned except where deemed necessary for national interests.
Sharif announced that 50 percent of civil servants, excluding essential services, would work from home, government offices would operate four days a week, and all higher education institutions would begin online instruction. He confirmed that these directives had been sent to all provincial governments.
Sharif noted that the global oil market had reacted sharply to the conflict, saying: “The international price of crude oil suddenly rose from $60 to over $100. Daily life in Pakistan is heavily dependent on oil and gas supplies from the Gulf region.”
In a written statement issued in the early hours of March 10, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps announced that Arab or European countries that have expelled Israeli and U.S. ambassadors from their territory may transit through the Strait of Hormuz. The statement read: “Any Arab or European country that has expelled Israeli and U.S. ambassadors from its territory will have full authority and freedom to transit through the Strait of Hormuz.”
At the same time, in a press conference in Miami, Trump addressed rising energy prices, saying: “We are also lifting some oil-related sanctions to bring prices down.” Regarding maritime traffic in the Strait of Hormuz, Trump said: “We are focused on maintaining the flow of energy and oil to the world and will not allow a terrorist regime to hold the world hostage and attempt to stop global oil supply. If Iran tries to do this, it will face a much harsher response.”
Trump argued that in the long term, oil supply would become safer without Iranian ships, UAVs, missiles, or nuclear threats, and asserted that the Strait of Hormuz would remain open. He noted that the disruption of shipping in the strait affected not only the United States but also other countries, including China.
Trump stated that the United States possesses more oil and gas reserves than it needs, noting that 100 million barrels of oil had been extracted from Venezuela so far and another 100 million barrels were expected. Trump said: “We will lift sanctions until the Strait of Hormuz reopens. Then, who knows, perhaps we will not need to impose sanctions at all.” He noted that oil prices had risen less than anticipated. When asked about the sanctions to be lifted, Trump emphasized that the U.S. was working to keep prices low and stated that prices had been artificially inflated. He added: “I knew prices would rise if I did this, and they did rise—but probably less than I expected. But I don’t think anyone anticipated we would succeed this quickly.”
Later that day, in a social media post, Trump said: “If Iran takes any action to stop the flow of oil through the Strait of Hormuz, it will be hit 20 times harder than anything it has ever seen from the United States.”
Trump stated that if Iran takes such a step, the United States will strike targets that are “easily destroyable,” arguing that this would make Iran’s reconstruction as a nation nearly impossible. Trump also declared that keeping the Strait of Hormuz open is an “American gift” to countries heavily reliant on it, especially China.
IRGC Spokesperson Ali Muhammad Naini responded to U.S. President Donald Trump’s assertion that Iran’s military power had been eliminated. In a statement broadcast on Iranian state television, Naini accused Trump of attempting to apply psychological pressure on Iran through “lies and deception” and said: “Iran is resisting the attacks of the United States and Israel with brave and strong resolve. We are continuing the war with all our strength, and Iran will determine the end of this war.”
Naini claimed that all U.S. military infrastructure in the region had been destroyed and added: “Iran’s armed forces are waiting for the U.S. navy and the USS Gerald Ford aircraft carrier in the Strait of Hormuz.” He also stated: “Trump started the war by lying to the American people. But now Iran’s responses have left him stunned and helpless.”
In a written statement by the IRGC’s Hatemul Enbiya Central Command, following Trump’s remarks, it was declared: “There is no ceasefire, and we are increasing the scale of our attacks.”
On March 10, 2026, Iran’s Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi, in an interview with the American PBS program News Hour, assessed the possibility of renewed talks with the United States. Regarding the prospect of renewed negotiations with Americans after U.S. and Israeli attacks on Iran, Araghchi said: “I do not believe the issue of talking with Americans is even on the table, because we have had a very painful experience with them.”
Araghchi noted that during contacts between Tehran and Washington officials in February, the Americans claimed they had no intention to attack, yet the United States still launched strikes against Iran. When asked about the new Iranian leader, Mucteba Hamaney, and whether he had commented on possible new negotiations with the United States, Araghchi replied: “It is still too early.”
On oil transportation, Araghchi stated that the slowdown was not Iran’s plan, saying: “The slowdown or halt in oil transportation is not our doing—it is due to the attacks and aggression by Israelis and Americans against us. They have made the entire region insecure.” He affirmed that Iran had not closed the Strait of Hormuz, saying: “We have not closed the strait. We are not preventing them from passing through.”
Araghchi characterized U.S. and Israeli attacks as “fully illegal acts of aggression” and reaffirmed Iran’s claim that it was only defending itself, noting that they had previously warned that U.S. bases in the region would be targeted if the United States launched attacks.
On the same day, the Egyptian Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources announced price increases on oil products and natural gas due to developments in the Middle East. The statement indicated that price hikes of 14 to 17 percent were applied to gasoline and diesel, 30 percent to LPG, and 22 percent to cooking gas. The decision was attributed to the direct impact of the security situation in the Middle East on global energy markets and significant increases in import and domestic production costs.
The statement highlighted that disruptions in the supply chain, rising risk levels, and increased transportation and insurance costs had caused a “price surge unseen in years” in global crude oil and oil products.
On March 10, the Vietnamese Ministry of Industry and Trade called for conservation measures in response to pressure on fuel supplies due to tensions in the Middle East. The ministry warned that fuel shortages could occur in some areas and advised citizens to use fuel efficiently, reduce travel, prefer public transportation, and consider working from home where possible. Businesses were also urged to adopt remote work arrangements.
The statement noted that neighboring countries had implemented similar conservation measures and emphasized that the public and businesses should avoid panic and refrain from stockpiling.
The Thai government decided to implement conservation measures in public institutions due to pressure on fuel supplies from tensions in the Middle East. According to the Bangkok Post, employees in government agencies, excluding essential public services, were instructed to work from home. Official international conferences and trips were also suspended.
The Ministry of Energy advised public and private sector employees to turn off unnecessary electrical devices, reduce elevator and photocopier usage, and promote virtual meetings.
On March 10, Iran announced that it had granted permission for Bangladeshi oil and liquefied natural gas (LNG) tankers to transit the Strait of Hormuz safely. According to The Business Standard, as the conflict in the Middle East threatened shipping in the Strait of Hormuz, Dhaka authorities requested assurances from Iran regarding the safe passage of Bangladeshi-flagged tankers. Iran agreed to permit safe passage for Bangladeshi oil and LNG tankers, provided they notify authorities before entering the strait.
The development followed energy cooperation and maritime transport talks between Bangladeshi and Iranian officials in Dhaka. Officials from the Energy and Mineral Resources Unit under Bangladesh’s Ministry of Power, Energy, and Mineral Resources confirmed the development.
It was also reported that India and China had expressed readiness to support Bangladesh’s fuel supply. Bangladesh’s Finance Minister Amir Khasru Mahmud Chowdhury said: “We have reached out to several countries—not just India and China—to secure fuel supply and maintain communication. There is no reason for a fuel crisis.” China’s Ambassador to Dhaka, Yao Wen, stated that China would work with Bangladesh to resolve energy supply issues and was willing to provide fuel assistance.
Iran’s Supreme National Security Council Secretary General Ali Laricani issued a statement regarding the Strait of Hormuz, which had been declared closed to U.S.-linked vessels. In a social media post, Laricani said: “The Strait of Hormuz will either be a strait of peace and prosperity for all or a strait of defeat and suffering for those who provoke war.”
On the same day, U.S. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth and U.S. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Dan Caine held a joint press conference. General Caine stated that the United States had three primary military objectives and affirmed that Iran’s ballistic missiles and UAVs would continue to be destroyed to prevent attacks on the United States and other countries in the region.
Caine stated that command and control centers would be targeted, saying: “We continue targeting the Iranian Navy to ensure continued passage through the Strait of Hormuz.” Caine revealed that U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) had struck over 5,000 targets so far and confirmed that single-direction UAV factories had also been targeted.
On March 10, White House Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt, when asked when U.S. operations against Iran would end, said: “The operations will end when the President determines that military objectives have been fully achieved and that Iran has reached a point of unconditional surrender, whether or not they say so.” She noted that the U.S. was ahead of the previously stated four- to six-week timeline.
Leavitt confirmed that escorting vessels through the Strait of Hormuz remained an option, saying: “The U.S. Navy has not yet escorted any tanker or vessel through the strait, but this is an option. The President has clearly stated he will use this option if necessary.” She added: “The President and the energy team are closely monitoring markets, and the U.S. military is preparing additional options to keep the Strait of Hormuz open, as directed by the President.”
It was stated that a stronger response would follow if Iran took steps to halt oil flows in the Strait of Hormuz, and Tehran was warned accordingly. It was also reported that the Pentagon was investigating an incident in which a U.S. Tomahawk missile struck a school in Iran. Leavitt said: “The President has said he will accept the Pentagon’s findings on this incident, whatever they may be.”
Regarding the possibility of sending U.S. troops to Iran, Leavitt said: “The President is not ignoring the possibility of sending troops there.” On the new Iranian leadership, she said: “President Trump does not believe the new Ayatollah can live in peace and has stated in several remarks that he believes the United States must play a role in selecting Iran’s new leader.”
During the press briefing, reporters asked about reports that approximately 150 U.S. troops had been wounded in the conflict with Iran. Leavitt could not confirm an exact number but acknowledged that the figure was in that range.
On March 10, 2026, U.S. President Donald Trump stated that if Iran laid mines in the Strait of Hormuz, it would have “military consequences.” In a social media post, Trump said: “If Iran has laid any mines in the Strait of Hormuz and we have no report on this, we demand their immediate removal.”
In the same post, he added: “If mines have been laid and are not immediately removed, the military consequences for Iran will be unprecedented. On the other hand, if they remove any mines that may have been placed, it will be a major step in the right direction.”
In another statement on the issue, Trump said that some mine-laying vessels in the Strait of Hormuz had been struck and added: “I am pleased to report that we have completely destroyed 10 inactive mine-laying vessels and ships in the last few hours and will destroy more.”
According to a CNN report citing two sources familiar with intelligence assessments, Iran had reportedly begun laying mines in the Strait of Hormuz. The report claimed that “several dozen mines” had been placed in recent days and noted that Iran had the capacity to lay hundreds of mines.
According to a statement issued on 11 March 2026 by the United Kingdom Maritime Trade Organisation (UKMTO), an unknown object struck a cargo vessel located 25 nautical miles northwest of Ras al-Khaimah in the United Arab Emirates, causing a fire on board.
The ship’s captain reportedly stated that the vessel had sustained damage from an unknown object but that there were no casualties or injuries among the crew. The extent of the damage to the container ship is being assessed.
On the same day, the United States Central Command (CENTCOM) claimed that 16 mine-laying vessels belonging to Iran had been destroyed near the Strait of Hormuz.
CENTCOM's video claiming destruction of Iranian mine-laying vessels near the Strait of Hormuz, 11 March 2026 - (ABC7)
In a social media post by the US-based company X, CENTCOM stated that the United States had targeted numerous Iranian warships near the Strait of Hormuz one day earlier.
UK Chancellor Rachel Reeves announced that the United Kingdom is ready to release its strategic oil reserves as part of international efforts to curb rising crude oil prices.
Responding to questions from members of parliament in the Treasury Committee, Reeves stated clearly that the UK is prepared to use its strategic reserves to exert downward pressure on oil prices and ensure strong supply.
Reeves warned that tensions in the Middle East could impact the UK economy but said it was still too early to measure the scale of these effects. She noted that the UK has been less exposed to fluctuations in international energy prices compared to the period at the start of the Russia-Ukraine war because “we have invested more in domestic and renewable energy sources that are unaffected by these price swings. In the coming years, as more renewable energy sources come online and we build infrastructure to better integrate them into the grid, we will be even less affected by these fluctuations.”
On the same day, the Royal Thai Navy announced that a Thai-flagged bulk carrier had been targeted by missiles near the Strait of Hormuz.
According to the Bangkok Post, the vessel, which had departed from a port in the United Arab Emirates bound for India, was hit by two missiles shortly after passing through the Strait of Hormuz. It was reported that explosions occurred in the aft section and engine room of the ship.
Of the 23 Thai crew members on board, 20 reached an Omani port via lifeboats, while no contact has been established with the remaining three. Omani naval forces are reportedly conducting operations to reach the three missing individuals. The Royal Thai Navy stated it is maintaining necessary cooperation to ensure the safe return of all crew members to Thailand.
On 11 March, Japanese Prime Minister Takaichi Sanae announced that Japan would begin releasing its oil reserves amid concerns that tensions in the Middle East could trigger sharp increases in oil prices.
According to Kyodo News, Takaichi told journalists that oil reserves could be used as early as 16 March 2026 to counter potential price hikes in gasoline and other petroleum products.
Takaichi stated that the first phase would involve releasing 15 days’ worth of oil reserves held by the private sector, followed by the activation of 30 days’ worth of reserves under government control. He confirmed that this decision would be implemented without waiting for coordination with the International Energy Agency (IEA).
On the same day, it was reported that a container ship owned by Japan-based Mitsui O.S.K. Lines (MOL) had sustained damage in the Persian Gulf. According to MOL’s statement, damage was detected on the aft section of the container ship “One Majesty,” which was anchored approximately 97 kilometers from the Strait of Hormuz. No crew injuries were reported, and there was no flooding, fire, or oil leak on board. The company is working with relevant parties to investigate the cause of the damage.
NHK reported that the damage was not severe enough to capsize the vessel and that the ship retained its navigational capability. A spokesperson from Japan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated, “It does not appear to be an attack. There is some damage, but the crew is safe and the ship’s voyage has not been disrupted.”
Chief Cabinet Secretary Minoru Kihara noted that the current situation in the Strait of Hormuz does not constitute a life-threatening condition but that the Tokyo government is monitoring developments with “serious concern.”
The South Korean government announced that it is “closely involved” in discussions led by the International Energy Agency (IEA) regarding a coordinated release of oil reserves to reduce rising oil prices.
According to Yonhap News, the Seoul administration made the statement in response to reports that the IEA was considering the largest oil reserve release in its history to lower prices.
Officials from South Korea’s Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy confirmed their participation in the talks and stated, “We have not yet decided how much oil from our reserves will be released under the IEA’s decision.” According to the Wall Street Journal, based on official sources, IEA member countries are expected to meet on the same day to reach a decision on the proposal.
Russian President Vladimir Putin’s special envoy for international economic cooperation, Kiril Dmitriyev, stated that developments in the Middle East have triggered a fertilizer crisis and declared, “A food security crisis is next.”
As head of the Russian Direct Investment Fund, Dmitriyev cited a post on the US-based social media platform X highlighting the strategic importance of the Strait of Hormuz in global fertilizer trade. He added, “As predicted a week ago, a fertilizer crisis has now emerged. A food security crisis will follow.”
Dmitriyev also claimed that Europe is facing its largest energy crisis in history due to “strategic errors and attitudes” by European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen in the energy sector.
Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps announced that two vessels linked to the United States and Israel were targeted by missiles while attempting to pass through the Strait of Hormuz. The IRGC statement reiterated that the Strait of Hormuz is “closed to the passage of the United States and its allies.”
The statement read: “The Express Rome, a Liberian-flagged vessel belonging to the Zionist regime, was struck by Iranian missiles this morning after ignoring naval warnings and insisting on illegally passing through the Strait of Hormuz. The container ship Mayuree Naree was also struck several hours ago by Iranian fighters.”
The statement further affirmed that the Strait of Hormuz is under Iranian control and declared that “the United States and its allies have no right to transit through this area.”
The Greek government announced it will impose price caps on profit margins for oil and food products in response to rising prices following the US and Israel’s attacks on Iran. Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis, speaking ahead of his monthly meeting with President Konstantinos Tasoulas, emphasized that developments in the Middle East have significant economic consequences for Greece. Mitsotakis announced the implementation of price caps on profit margins for oil and supermarket products.
Mitsotakis acknowledged that price increases cannot be fully prevented but said, “We are sending a clear message that this economic turmoil must not be exploited by profiteers.” Deputy Prime Minister Kostis Hatzidakis, speaking at a special press briefing, stated that the economic consequences of the situation in the Strait of Hormuz and the Middle East will be assessed jointly with other European Union countries and that decisions will be made accordingly. Hatzidakis confirmed that Greece currently faces no shortage in oil supply and added, “We will use all tools at our disposal to combat profiteering.”
Minister of Environment and Energy Stavros Papastavrou announced that a price cap on oil profit margins will be in effect until 30 June 2026. Wholesale profit will be capped at 5 cents per liter, and retail profit at gas stations at 12 cents per liter. Minister of Development and Investments Takis Theodorakis confirmed that the profit margin cap will also apply to food products, with fines of up to 5 million euros for non-compliance.
On 11 March 2026, member countries of the International Energy Agency (IEA) unanimously agreed to release 400 million barrels of strategic oil reserves, the largest amount in the agency’s history.
IEA Director Fatih Birol, speaking at the agency’s headquarters in Paris, stated that tensions in the Middle East have had major impacts on global oil and gas markets. Birol noted that approximately 15 million barrels of crude oil and 5 million barrels of petroleum products are transported daily through the Strait of Hormuz, accounting for 25 percent of global seaborne oil trade.
Birol reported that transit of oil, gas, and other commodities through the Strait of Hormuz has nearly halted. Due to insufficient alternative routes and full storage capacities, producers in the Middle East have begun cutting production. He added that energy infrastructure has also been damaged, particularly affecting jet fuel and diesel supplies.
Birol noted that difficulties are also emerging in gas markets, particularly due to limited alternatives to liquefied natural gas (LNG) shipments from Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. He stated that global energy supply has decreased by approximately 20 percent, with Asia being the region most affected by the current situation.
In his statement, Birol said, “IEA countries will release 400 million barrels of oil to compensate for the supply lost due to the de facto closure of the Strait of Hormuz. This is a critical measure aimed at mitigating the immediate disruptions in the market. However, I must be clear: the most important development for restoring stable oil and gas flows is the resumption of transit through the Strait of Hormuz.”
United States Central Command (CENTCOM) issued a warning to civilians to stay away from ports along the Strait of Hormuz used by Iran. CENTCOM claimed that Iran is using civilian ports for military operations, putting civilian lives at risk.
The statement noted that civilian ports used for military purposes lose their protected status under international law and become legitimate military targets. Iran’s civilians were urged to immediately vacate all port facilities where the Iranian Navy operates.
CENTCOM stated, “While the US military cannot guarantee the safety of civilians inside or near facilities used by the Iranian regime for military purposes, American forces will continue to take every possible measure to minimize harm to civilians.”
French President Emmanuel Macron stated that the conflicts in the Middle East, initiated by US and Israeli attacks on Iran, are producing global economic consequences, saying, “We are all facing the same global economic outcomes.”
French President Emmanuel Macron - (Anadolu Ajansı)
Macron spoke at the opening of a video conference attended by G7 leaders to address the economic consequences of the Middle East conflict. He recalled that the operation targeting Iran’s nuclear and ballistic programs had entered its 11th day.
Macron outlined three key agenda items for the conference: first, an assessment of the latest developments on the ground and ongoing attacks; second, coordination to restore freedom of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz, the Red Sea, and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait; and third, discussions on economic cooperation.
On 11 March 2026, the spokesperson for the Iranian Armed Forces General Staff, Brigadier General Ebrahim Shikari, made a statement regarding potential threats to Iranian ports. According to Iranian media, Shikari, speaking on a television program, responded to CENTCOM’s call for civilians to immediately leave facilities where military operations are conducted.
Shikari emphasized that the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps is fully deployed in the region and affirmed that control of the Persian Gulf rests with Iran. He stated, “If even the smallest threat is made against our ports, no port or dock in the Fars (Persian) Gulf will be safe, and all ports and economic areas in the region will become legitimate targets.” Shikari also urged regional countries not to allow their territories to be used for US attacks.
On 11 March, leaders of European Union (EU) institutions stated that the current sanctions regime against the Russian Federation must be maintained and that the price cap on Russian oil must not be lifted. Following a video conference with G7 leaders on the economic consequences of the Middle East conflict, EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and EU Council President Antonio Costa issued a joint statement via social media.
EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen - (Anadolu Ajansı)
The statement noted that consultations were held with G7 partners to develop a coordinated response to developments in Iran and the Middle East and stated, “We are focused on minimizing the impact on security and global energy markets.”
The statement emphasized that maintaining energy flows is a priority and highlighted the importance of ensuring continued transit through the Strait of Hormuz, which is critical to the global economy.
The statement underscored that sanctions against Russia must not be eased, stating, “The oil price cap helps stabilize markets and limits Russia’s revenues. Now is not the time to relax sanctions on Russia.”
The statement also noted agreement on the need for close cooperation with regional partners to prevent escalation of the conflict and restore stability, and welcomed the IEA’s decision to release 400 million barrels of emergency oil reserves.
Minister of Transport and Infrastructure Abdulkadir Uraloğlu responded to journalists’ questions ahead of an AK Party parliamentary group meeting in the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye (TBMM). Minister Uraloğlu stated that 15 Turkish-owned vessels are currently in the Strait of Hormuz, none flying the Turkish flag, and that communication is ongoing with the crews. Uraloğlu said, “There are 15 Turkish-owned vessels in the Strait of Hormuz. They are not flying the Turkish flag. We are in contact with all their personnel. They are in a holding position. They are only experiencing the hardship of being there; otherwise, their needs are being met without issue.”
Uraloğlu noted that the situation in the Strait is being closely monitored and that the vessels will be allowed to leave the area once transit returns to normal. He confirmed that no attacks have occurred against these vessels.
In response to a question about the status of flights to Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan due to security risks in the Middle East, Uraloğlu stated that there is a serious risk to air traffic and that risk management is ongoing. He explained that additional flights have been arranged to transport Turkish and foreign nationals via land routes through Oman and Saudi Arabia to Istanbul and onward to other countries, with agreements reached with the relevant countries.
Uraloğlu stated that there are no issues with land transport to Iran, Syria, and Iraq. He confirmed that crews of two aircraft belonging to Pegasus and Turkish Airlines in Iran have been brought back to Türkiye, while the aircraft themselves may be retrieved depending on the course of the conflict.
On 11 March, Minister of Energy and Natural Resources Alparslan Bayraktar responded to journalists’ questions ahead of an AK Party parliamentary group meeting in the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye (TBMM). Assessing energy supply security following the US and Israel’s attacks on Iran, Bayraktar said, “At this moment, we do not foresee any issues with fuel or natural gas, but we are closely monitoring developments.”
Minister of Energy and Natural Resources Alparslan Bayraktar - (Anadolu Ajansı)
In response to a journalist’s question about whether concern over natural gas is warranted, Bayraktar replied, “Do not worry about natural gas.” He emphasized that there is no problem with supply security.
Regarding the rise in Brent crude oil prices, Bayraktar noted that global concerns over supply disruptions and actual supply cuts have driven prices higher. He stated that oil prices have slightly eased due to expectations that the war will end and supply will return to normal. When asked whether new measures would be taken to address rising fuel prices, Bayraktar confirmed that his ministry is working closely with the Ministry of Treasury and Finance. He noted that previously, a Brent crude oil price of around $60 per barrel had been projected for the remainder of the year, but the current war environment has altered this outlook.
In response to a question about the closure of the Strait of Hormuz, Bayraktar stated that Türkiye’s primary energy imports come from routes outside the Strait, saying, “Our main imports are from routes outside the Strait of Hormuz, so at this time we do not see any risk from our perspective.”
On 12 March, US President Donald Trump made statements regarding Iran’s military capabilities, stating that the straits would be closely monitored.
Speaking to journalists during his disembarkation from Air Force One, Trump argued that Iran had nearly reached “the end of the road,” adding, “This does not mean we will immediately finish it, but the situation is such.” Trump claimed that Iran had no navy, no air force and no control systems, and asserted that the United States was “moving freely” within the country.
US President Donald Trump, 11 March 2026 – (Anadolu Ajansı)
Regarding the straits, Trump stated, “The straits are in very good condition. We sank all their ships. They have some missiles but not many. I believe we are in very good shape.”
Asserting that “the real issue is winning,” Trump added, “I am following the news. Most people are already saying it has been won. The only question is when. When will we stop? We do not want to allow it to regrow, and ideally we want to see someone there who knows what they are doing.”
Trump indicated that the United States could strike certain areas of Tehran and other locations, arguing that this could render Iran’s reconstruction nearly impossible. He claimed the United States could destroy Iran’s electricity capacity within an hour and that its reconstruction could take 25 years, adding, “Therefore, ideally we will not do this.”
The Iranian Armed Forces announced that they maintain control over the Strait of Hormuz and will not grant passage rights to the United States or its allies.
In a statement issued by the Hatem al-Anbiya Command, affiliated with the Iranian Armed Forces, it was declared, “Without any doubt or negligence, the Strait of Hormuz is under the intelligent command of the Revolutionary Guards’ brave naval forces. American aggressors and their allies have no right of passage through it.”
Liberian-flagged Shenlong Suezmax oil tanker passing through the Strait of Hormuz to India, Mumbai, 12 March 2026 – (Anadolu Ajansı)
On 12 March, the United Kingdom Maritime Trade Organisation (UKMTO) announced that a container ship had been struck by an “unknown object” approximately 65 kilometres north of the Jebel Ali Port in the United Arab Emirates.
According to the UKMTO statement, the ship’s captain reported a minor fire on board and that the full extent of the damage could not be assessed due to darkness.
It was stated that all crew members were safe and no environmental impact had been reported.
Authorities were reported to be investigating the incident, and ships navigating the area were advised to remain vigilant and report any suspicious activity to the UKMTO.
On 12 March, the United Kingdom announced its participation in the coordinated release of 400 million barrels from the strategic petroleum reserves of International Energy Agency (IEA) member countries, with 13.5 million barrels to be provided by the UK.
The UK Ministry of Energy Security and Net Zero stated that the coordinated action to release oil stocks was critical for market stability, and emphasized that ensuring the safe passage of tankers through the Strait of Hormuz is vital for a lasting solution. The ministry noted that the UK would continue to closely monitor developments in the Middle East and maintain cooperation with its partners. According to ministry data, the country currently holds 76.6 million barrels of emergency oil stock.
IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol announced that IEA member countries had agreed to release 400 million barrels from their strategic reserves, the largest amount in the agency’s history. This decision marked the sixth coordinated release by the IEA since its founding in 1974. Previous similar decisions were taken in 1991, 2005, 2011 and twice in 2022.
IEA member countries are obligated to maintain emergency oil stocks equivalent to 90 days of their net oil imports. Currently, in addition to over 1.2 billion barrels of emergency stock held by IEA members, there are 600 million barrels of industrial stock under government obligations. These stocks are stored at refineries and by major suppliers.
Liberian-flagged Shenlong Suezmax oil tanker passing through the Strait of Hormuz to India, Mumbai, 12 March 2026 – (Anadolu Ajansı)
The US-based Institute for the Study of War (ISW) reported that Iran had laid fewer than 10 sea mines in the Strait of Hormuz. In a statement posted on social media, ISW stated that Iran had deployed a limited number of mines in the strait.
The statement highlighted that a large-scale mine-laying operation could severely disrupt not only foreign shipping but all maritime traffic, and noted that such a move could negatively affect Iran’s relations with China and harm Iraq’s economy, which is heavily dependent on oil revenues.
On 12 March 2026 it was reported that Bangladesh had requested a temporary exemption from the United States to allow the purchase of Russian oil due to rising tensions in the Middle East.
According to Dhaka Tribune, Bangladesh’s Minister of Finance and Planning, Amir Khasru Mahmud Chowdhury, held talks with the US Ambassador to Dhaka. Chowdhury reminded the US of the temporary exemption granted to Indian refineries for Russian oil purchases and requested a similar arrangement for Bangladesh.
Chowdhury said, “We told them that if Bangladesh is granted such an opportunity, it would be a major support for our economy. They said they would convey the matter to Washington.”
According to India-based NDTV, it was claimed that Iran had granted safe passage to at least two Indian-flagged tankers through the Strait of Hormuz.
However, an unnamed source in Tehran told NDTV that the claim that Indian-flagged tankers had been granted passage was denied.
On 12 March, Thailand’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs summoned Iran’s Ambassador to Bangkok, Nassereddin Heidari, after a Thai-flagged bulk carrier near the Strait of Hormuz was hit by a “non-identified, missile-like projectile.”
According to Thailand-based The Nation, Deputy Spokesperson of Thailand’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Panidol Pachimsawat, made statements during the daily press briefing. Panidol said Thailand had “deep concerns” due to rising tensions resulting from the US-Israel attacks on Iran and Iran’s retaliatory strikes.
Panidol confirmed that Iran’s Ambassador to Bangkok had been summoned following the attack on the Thai-flagged vessel by a “non-identified, missile-like projectile.” He also reported that Thailand’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, Sihasak Phuangketkeow, would hold a telephone conversation with Oman’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, Bedr bin Hamed al-Busaidi, regarding search and rescue efforts for the vessel’s crew. Panidol stated that 381 Thai nationals had been evacuated from the Middle East.
The International Energy Agency (IEA) stated that if tanker traffic through the Strait of Hormuz does not return to normal in the short term, approximately 7.9 million barrels per day of crude oil and a total of 9.9 million barrels per day of liquid fuels produced in Gulf countries could be temporarily suspended in March.
According to the IEA’s Oil Market Report, the war in the Middle East has effectively halted tanker traffic through the Strait of Hormuz, causing a significant decline in global oil supply in March. This has led to widespread production curtailments in oil-producing Gulf countries and the complete shutdown of production at some fields.
The report noted that prior to the conflict, approximately 20 million barrels per day of crude oil and petroleum products were shipped through the Strait of Hormuz, but since the outbreak of hostilities, shipments have fallen to less than 10 percent of pre-crisis levels.
Despite limited flexibility offered by alternative export routes, the IEA forecasts that if tanker traffic does not resume, production of 7.9 million barrels per day of crude oil and 9.9 million barrels per day of liquid fuels in the Gulf could be halted in March.
Global oil supply is expected to drop by 8 million barrels per day to 98.8 million barrels per day, reaching its lowest level since the first quarter of 2022. The report noted that losses from interrupted shipments from the Gulf have been partially offset by the recovery of North American production following winter conditions and the resumption of Kazakh and Russian supplies after disruptions in February.
However, the report stated that there were no signs of de-escalation in the fighting or a clear timeline for the restoration of flow through the Strait of Hormuz, and high levels of uncertainty remain for March and beyond.
In the evening of 12 March, the Iranian Revolutionary Guards Corps announced that the US-flagged oil tanker “Safesea Vishnu,” flying the flag of the Marshall Islands, had been struck in the Strait of Hormuz after ignoring warnings.
The Revolutionary Guards’ statement indicated that the tanker had repeatedly ignored warnings earlier in the day and was therefore struck north of the strait.
The statement further noted that shipping traffic in the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz is under increasing risk, with the United States identified as responsible for this situation. Commercial vessels were urged to comply with Iran’s maritime regulations to avoid being affected by missiles.
On 12 March 2026, US Energy Secretary Chris Wright stated that it was unlikely oil prices would reach $200 per barrel.
In an interview with CNN, Wright commented on the disruption to oil supply and rising prices caused by the cessation of tanker traffic through the Strait of Hormuz due to the conflict between the US, Israel and Iran. He said that a short-term disruption would be overcome within weeks by rerouting oil through alternative pathways and emphasized that the Strait of Hormuz must be reopened and will be reopened.
Wright said the US military is present in the region to resolve a long-term problem, adding, “To solve a long-term problem, you must endure short-term pain.” When asked if the world was in the midst of a serious global oil crisis, he replied, “We are in the midst of a significant short-term disruption to ensure long-term energy security.”
Upon being reminded of Iranian officials’ statements that oil prices could reach $200 per barrel, Wright said, “I say it is unlikely.” He emphasized that the focus was on military operations and resolving the issue, and declined to speculate on short-term price movements, noting that prices depend more on market psychology than on oil flows.
In an interview with CNBC, when asked whether the US Navy would escort tankers through the Strait of Hormuz, Wright said this could happen relatively soon but that preparations were not yet complete. He stated that US military assets were currently focused on targeting Iran’s missile capabilities and the manufacturing industries supporting them.
Wright indicated that it was “quite likely” the US Navy would escort tankers through the Strait of Hormuz by the end of the month and confirmed that the military was actively working on this issue.
Following the death of Ayatollah Ali Khamenei in the US-Israel attack, Mucteba Hosseini Khamenei was selected as leader by the Assembly of Experts. After assuming office, he issued his first message, which was read aloud by a state television presenter without showing his image or voice.
Iran’s New Leader Mucteba Hosseini Khamenei – (Anadolu Ajansı)
In his message, Khamenei stated that Iran had been unjustly attacked and said, “I extend my heartfelt thanks to our brave warriors who have closed the enemy’s path with overwhelming blows and freed them from the illusion of seizing and possibly dividing our beloved homeland.”
Addressing the Iranian Armed Forces, Khamenei emphasized the need to continue the “effective and remorseless defense,” and stated: “The strategy of keeping the Strait of Hormuz closed must certainly be maintained. Efforts have also been made to open other fronts where the enemy is inexperienced and extremely vulnerable. If the state of war continues and in accordance with the principle of protecting our interests, these fronts will be activated.”
Khamenei also addressed social unity, saying, “Sitting in this chair is a heavy burden. National unity must be preserved.”
Commander of the Iranian Revolutionary Guards Corps Navy, Brigadier General Ali Reza Tengsiri, announced that, in accordance with the directive of Iran’s new leader, “the strategy of keeping the Strait of Hormuz closed will continue.”
Tengsiri made statements on social media regarding tanker traffic in the Strait of Hormuz, declaring that they would “continue striking the enemy” and reaffirmed that the strategy of maintaining the closure of the Strait of Hormuz would be sustained.
On March 13, 2026, U.S. President Donald Trump made new statements targeting Iran via his social media account. Trump reiterated that Iran’s navy and air forces had been destroyed and argued that the elimination of missiles, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and other military assets under the control of the Tehran regime was ongoing. In his post, he used the following words: “We have an unprecedented arsenal, unlimited ammunition, and plenty of time. Watch what happens to these crazy scumbags today.”
On the same day, in an interview with Fox News, Trump commented on vessels attempting to pass through the Strait of Hormuz, stating: “There is nothing to fear. They have no navy; we have sunk all their ships.”
On March 13, 2026, U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent provided an assessment regarding oil tankers passing through the Strait of Hormuz in an interview with Sky News.
Bessent indicated that the U.S. Navy would escort oil tankers through the Strait of Hormuz “as soon as militarily possible”. He pointed to the possibility of an international coalition, adding: “My belief is that as soon as militarily possible, the U.S. Navy, perhaps alongside an international coalition, will escort these vessels.”
Bessent noted that Iranian tankers and some vessels flying the Chinese flag were passing through the strait, leading him to conclude that Iran had not laid mines there.
Bessent also stated that the war had cost the United States approximately $11 billion. When asked whether this cost would influence President Donald Trump’s decision to continue the conflict, he responded: “Absolutely not.”
At a joint press conference with U.S. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Dan Caine, claims that new mines had been laid in the Strait of Hormuz were addressed. Hegseth stated there was “no clear evidence” to support such allegations. He added: “The only thing currently preventing passage through the strait is Iran firing on ships. As long as Iran does not do so, the passage remains open. This is not a strait we will allow to remain contested.”
Hegseth dismissed media reports suggesting the Trump administration was downplaying the impact of the war with Iran on the Strait of Hormuz as “ridiculous and unserious.” He emphasized that the pace and timing of the conflict were determined by President Donald Trump, stating: “He will determine the speed, tempo, and timing of this conflict. The steering wheel is entirely in his hands.”
General Dan Caine confirmed that the attacks against Iran had entered their 13th day and noted that Iran’s mine-laying capacity and other threats to strait traffic had been targeted. Caine assessed: “The only thing currently blocking commercial traffic and flow through the strait is Iran.”
After the closure of the Strait of Hormuz, the Umm Qasr port in Iraq, March 13, 2026 – (Anadolu Agency)
On March 13, 2026, Deputy Commander of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) Navy, Mohammad Ekberzade, responded to U.S. administration claims that Iran’s navy and air forces had been destroyed.
According to Iranian media, Ekberzade countered U.S. assertions by asking: “If the U.S. claims Iran’s navy has been destroyed, how is it that the Strait of Hormuz remains closed and not a single tanker can pass through?” He also stated that despite claims of the destruction of Iran’s air forces, Iran’s missiles and UAVs continued to successfully strike their targets.
Ekberzade defended the IRGC’s strategic missile and UAV capabilities, asserting they operate in coordination with land, sea, and air units to maintain control over the Strait of Hormuz. He declared: “Today, the Strait of Hormuz demonstrates Iran’s strategic power.”
Ekberzade claimed that the U.S. and its allies had failed to achieve their objectives in the region, and despite targeted assassinations of senior military officials, Iran’s military structure continued to function.
Ekberzade also warned that global oil prices would remain elevated, stating that oil prices had reached $95–100 per barrel and that if the situation persisted, the U.S. economy would face a serious crisis.
On March 13, 2026, it was alleged that the U.S. Department of Defense (Pentagon) would send a 5,000-strong amphibious ready group composed of marines and sailors to the Middle East.
According to a report citing three U.S. officials familiar with the matter and published by the Wall Street Journal (WSJ), the United States has increased its troop numbers and military presence in the Middle East. According to these sources, U.S. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth approved the deployment of a 5,000-strong amphibious ready group and its associated Marine Expeditionary Unit, along with several warships, in response to Iran’s increased attacks on the Strait of Hormuz.
The report stated that the request originated from U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM). It was also reported that the USS Tripoli, based in Japan, and its associated Marine unit were advancing toward the Middle East.
On March 13, 2026, Minister of Transport and Infrastructure Abdulkadir Uraloğlu stated that the highest level of security had been declared for the situation in the Strait of Hormuz. He noted that there were no vessels flying the Turkish flag in the area but confirmed that continuous contact was maintained with Turkish-owned vessels through the National Search and Rescue Center. He added that 14 Turkish-owned vessels were waiting in the Strait, down from 15 previously, with one having received permission from Iranian authorities to enter an Iranian port. He confirmed ongoing communication with Iranian authorities and stated that the 14 waiting vessels had experienced no issues.
Uraloğlu also stated that approximately 800 vessels of various classes were currently in the Strait of Hormuz, with six cruise ships and their passengers awaiting passage.
As of March 13, 2026, the effective halt of vessel traffic through the Strait of Hormuz has triggered a chain reaction affecting global energy trade and industrial production. The military strikes launched by the United States and Israel against Iran on February 28, followed by Iran’s missile retaliations and theIRGC’s closure of the Strait of Hormuz to vessels linked to these countries, have intensified pressure on global trade.
Approximately 20 percent of global daily oil consumption and 20 percent of liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports pass through the Strait of Hormuz. However, due to increased transit risks, S&P Global Energy data shows that over 10 crude oil tankers are waiting off the western side of the Persian Gulf for loading, and approximately 75 tankers are anchored idle outside the strait. It was reported that the amount of crude oil awaiting transit in the Gulf has reached approximately 126 million barrels.
These developments have prompted companies to declare force majeure, a legal term referring to the inability to fulfill contractual obligations due to extraordinary circumstances beyond a company’s control.
The first force majeure declaration came from QatarEnergy’s LNG facility in Ras Laffan Industrial City, Qatar. After an Iranian UAV targeted the facility, the company suspended production and declared force majeure on its LNG-related products. This facility is known as the world’s largest LNG export facility.
Qatar supplies approximately 20 percent of global LNG exports, with over 90 percent of its production sent to Asian countries including China, Japan, India, and South Korea. Qatar also exports LNG to Europe.
Following QatarEnergy’s announcement, Petronet, India’s largest LNG importer, declared force majeure on its supply contracts to GAIL, Indian Oil Corporation, and Bharat Petroleum Corporation. This affected Petronet’s long-term annual LNG contract of 7.5 million tons with QatarEnergy. Gujarat Gas also issued force majeure notices to its industrial customers starting March 6.
According to international media, Shell also issued force majeure notices to its customers. Chevron, based in the United States, joined the list of companies declaring force majeure after temporarily halting production at Israel’s Leviathan gas field.
Approximately 15 million barrels of crude oil and 5 million barrels of refined petroleum products transit daily through the Strait of Hormuz, totaling 20 million barrels. As shipments stalled, production facilities in the region began facing storage capacity pressures, leading some countries to reduce output.
Kuwait Petroleum Corporation (KPC) announced it had begun reducing oil production and declared force majeure. The decision was described as temporary, with production expected to resume once conditions normalize. It was also reported that Saudi Arabia and Iraq had decided to cut production.
Following KPC’s decision, Kuwait Styrène Company (TKSC) declared force majeure for its 450,000-ton-per-year ethylbenzene-styrene monomer (EBSM) plant due to disruptions in feedstock supply.
India’s state-owned refinery company MRPL declared force majeure on all planned gasoline export shipments for March and April. MRPL’s refinery in Karnataka has a daily capacity of 500,000 barrels, with approximately 40 percent of its output exported.
Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) declared force majeure on March 9 due to current conditions and a targeted unit at its Sitra refinery. The Sitra refinery has a daily capacity of 450,000 barrels.
Aluminium Bahrain suspended its shipments and declared force majeure due to the widening conflict in the Middle East. Norsk Hydro’s joint venture in Qatar, Qatalum, also began a controlled shutdown of production and issued force majeure notices to its customers.
China’s Wanhua Chemical declared force majeure on March 9 due to disruptions in oil supplies from the Middle East and raised prices for certain products. Longhua New Materials activated force majeure provisions for shipments to the Middle East on March 10.
South Korea’s Yeochun NCC Co (YNCC) declared force majeure due to naphtha supply issues and announced it was operating its production facilities at minimum capacity. Singapore-based polyolefin producer TPC shut down multiple plants on Jurong Island and declared force majeure on March 9.
Data on the number of vessels transiting the Strait of Hormuz during the first 11 days of March 2026 have been published. The report issued by Lloyd’s List Intelligence, a UK-based maritime data provider, details the impact of regional developments on strait traffic following the U.S. and Israeli military strikes against Iran on February 28, 2026.
According to the report, 77 vessels transited the Strait of Hormuz between March 1 and 11, 2026. In the same period last year (March 1–11, 2025), 1,229 vessels transited the strait.
The data show that 26 percent of transiting vessels were Iranian, 13 percent were Greek, and 12 percent were Chinese. It was noted that a significant portion of current transits involved vessels linked to Russia and Iran, operating under the so-called “shadow fleet” to circumvent Western sanctions.
The report included an assessment by Bridget Diakun, senior analyst at Lloyd’s List Intelligence, who noted that Iran continues its export activities via the Strait of Hormuz. Diakun stated: “More than half of the tankers and gas carriers transiting are part of the shadow fleet. These vessels are accustomed to disruptions.” It was reported that shadow fleet vessels are mostly outdated, uninsured, poorly maintained, and have questionable ownership structures.
The United Kingdom Maritime Trade Operations (UKMTO) reported that since the beginning of March, 20 commercial vessels, nine of them oil tankers, had been attacked or reported incidents. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) recorded a total of 16 incidents in the region, including eight involving oil tankers.
On March 14, 2026, while traveling from Washington to Florida for a weekend break, U.S. President Donald Trump told reporters at the airport that the U.S. Navy would begin escorting oil tankers passing through the Strait of Hormuz “in the near future,” though he did not provide a specific date.
In response to a question about whether the United States shares Israel’s view on ending its attacks on Iran, Trump replied, “I think they may be somewhat different on this issue. After all, we are different countries.”
Regarding when the attacks on Iran might end, he stated he would not disclose a specific timeline, but affirmed that he has a schedule in mind and that the attacks could continue as long as deemed necessary. Trump said, “We are well ahead of the schedule we planned.”
Trump also defended the claim that Iran’s military capacity has been largely destroyed, stating, “Iran is currently in a bad situation.”
On the same day, Trump stated in another announcement that Iran had targeted Hark Island. In a social media post, he claimed that the U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) had carried out one of the most intense air strikes in Middle Eastern history.
Trump asserted that “all military targets on Hark Island, Iran’s most valuable asset, have been completely destroyed.”
Trump noted that he had chosen not to target the island’s petroleum infrastructure but warned that if Iran interfered with the free and safe passage of vessels through the Strait of Hormuz, he would reconsider this decision.
In another statement on March 14, 2026, Trump claimed that many countries would send warships to the region to ensure the Strait of Hormuz remains open and secure.
In a social media post, he wrote, “Many countries affected by Iran’s attempts to close the Strait of Hormuz will send warships to the region in coordination with the United States to ensure the strait remains open and secure.”
Trump claimed Iran’s entire military capacity had been eliminated, yet he acknowledged that the Tehran regime still retains the ability to send unmanned aerial vehicles into the Strait, lay mines in the waterway, or launch short-range missiles.
Trump said, “We hope China, France, Japan, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and other countries affected by this artificial constraint will send ships to the region. This will remove the Strait of Hormuz as a threat from a nation whose military power has been entirely neutralized.” He added, “One way or another, we will restore the Strait of Hormuz to an open, secure, and free passage very soon.”
Trump stated that the security of the Strait of Hormuz must be ensured by the countries that rely on it for oil supplies, saying, “Countries that receive oil through the Strait of Hormuz must secure its passage.” He noted that the United States would provide substantial assistance and work in coordination with these nations.
On March 14, 2026, Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi responded to the U.S. attack on Hark Island.
In an interview with the U.S.-based MS NOW television network, Araghchi claimed the attacks were launched from the territories of neighboring countries. He stated, “They carried out these attacks from our neighbors’ territories. The fact that they now use our neighbors’ lands as bases to launch such missiles against us is now an undeniable reality.”
Araghchi said Iran had tracked the attacks “second by second” and confirmed with clarity that one missile was fired from Rasul-Hayme and another from a location very close to Dubai, both on United Arab Emirates territory.
When asked about the possibility of banning transit through the Strait of Hormuz, Araghchi replied, “In fact, the Strait of Hormuz is currently open to transit. It is closed only to tankers and vessels belonging to our enemies—that is, those attacking us and their allies.”
In a social media post on the same day, Araghchi said, “The United States has now been forced to seek assistance from other countries, even from China, to ensure security in the Strait of Hormuz.” He added, “The security umbrella the United States has long boasted about has now been revealed as full of holes. This umbrella not only failed to deter aggression but also provoked tension and crisis.” Araghchi stated, “Iran requests its brotherly neighbors to expel foreign aggressor forces from their territories, as these forces care only about defending Israel.”
On March 14, 2026, Commander of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy, Brigadier General Ali Reza Tengsiri, responded to U.S. President Donald Trump’s statements regarding the Strait of Hormuz.
In a social media post, Tengsiri quoted Trump, saying, “The Americans falsely claimed that the Iranian Navy was destroyed and then began escorting tankers. Now they are asking others for help.”
Tengsiri emphasized that the Strait of Hormuz has not been militarily closed and that Iran merely maintains control over it.
On March 14, 2026, a report citing an unnamed senior official speaking to CNN suggested that Iran is considering allowing a limited number of oil tankers to pass through the Strait of Hormuz on the condition that oil transactions are conducted in Chinese yuan.
The report indicated that Iran is evaluating the possibility of permitting transit through the Strait of Hormuz, as part of a broader effort to develop a new plan to manage oil tanker flows through the waterway.
The futures price for Brent crude oil, the international benchmark, closed at $72.48 per barrel on its last trading day before the attacks, February 27, 2026.
After the attacks, when markets reopened on March 2, 2026, Brent crude surged to $82.37 amid reports of the death of Iranian leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, closing the day at $77.74. The daily increase was recorded at 7.26 percent.
In the following days, developments such as threats against the Strait of Hormuz, Iranian retaliatory strikes against U.S. bases and energy facilities in the region, insurance companies suspending war-risk policies, tanker and container shipping firms halting transit, and some producers reducing output on security grounds affected prices. During this period, Brent crude traded between $78 and $86.
On March 6, 2026, the Brent crude futures price reached $94.64 and closed the week at $92.69. By the end of the first week, Brent crude had risen 27.8 percent on a weekly basis.
Price volatility continued in the second week. On March 9, 2026, the Brent crude futures price climbed to $119.50. Later that day, following expectations that G7 nations might release their emergency oil reserves and statements by U.S. President Donald Trump suggesting the war with Iran could soon end, the price closed at $98.96.
On March 10, 2026, price volatility increased after U.S. Energy Secretary Chris Wright posted on social media that the U.S. Navy had escorted a tanker through the Strait of Hormuz—a post later deleted. Brent crude dropped intraday to $81.16, then closed the day at $87.80 following reports that Iran had laid mines in the Strait.
The decision by International Energy Agency (IEA) member countries to release strategic oil reserves helped limit price increases. However, after attacks on oil tankers in the Persian Gulf, Brent crude rose above $100 per barrel again on March 12, 2026.
At the end of the two-week period, Brent crude closed the week at $103.14 per barrel, a 42.3 percent increase from pre-attack levels.
Logistical and supply security developments also impacted the natural gas market. Qatar’s suspension of production at its Ras Laffan facilities and declaration of force majeure affected global LNG supply.
The April futures contract for natural gas traded on the Dutch TTF, Europe’s benchmark market, closed at €31.9 per megawatt-hour on February 27, 2026.
After the attacks, on March 2, 2026, the contract price surged 39 percent to €44.5.
Amid growing concerns over supply security, the price reached €56.4 on March 9, 2026.
At the end of the two-week period, European natural gas prices closed at €50.1 per megawatt-hour, a 57 percent increase from pre-attack levels.
The April futures contract for Newcastle coal, the benchmark for Asian markets, closed at $118.50 per ton on February 27, 2026. On March 2, 2026, the contract price rose 8.6 percent to $128.70. On March 9, 2026, the price climbed to $143.80. At the end of the two-week period, coal prices closed at $137.30 per ton, a 15.8 percent increase from pre-attack levels.
International Energy Agency (IEA) announced on 11 March 2026 that its member countries had agreed to release a total of 400 million barrels from their strategic petroleum reserves to the market; on 15 March 2026, it disclosed the implementation details of this decision.
According to the announcement:
Under the plan:
The IEA member countries in Asia-Pacific will release their reserves “immediately.” The reserves of IEA member countries in the Americas and Europe will be released starting at the end of the month. This decision marks the sixth coordinated use of strategic reserves in IEA history. Previous decisions were made in 1991, 2005, 2011, and twice in 2022 when the Russia-Ukraine war began.
On the 16th day of the U.S.-Israel attacks, Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi made several statements in an interview with the American CBS channel. Without naming countries, Araghchi shared that many nations seeking safe passage through the Strait of Hormuz had consulted with Iran and that the Iranian military had permitted a group of vessels belonging to different countries to pass through the strait.
When asked whether the four U.S. citizens detained in Iran were safe, Araghchi replied, “If the U.S. and Israel do not attack our prisons, I believe they are safe.”
On 15 March 2026, UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer held telephone conversations with U.S. President Donald Trump and Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney. According to the statement issued by the UK Prime Minister’s Office at 10 Downing Street, the discussions addressed developments in the Middle East and the situation in the Strait of Hormuz.
Starmer and Trump discussed the importance of reopening the Strait of Hormuz to eliminate disruptions causing cost increases in global maritime transport. Starmer also conveyed his condolences to Trump for U.S. military personnel killed during Iran’s missile strikes.
During Starmer’s conversation with Canadian Prime Minister Carney, the impact of the Strait of Hormuz’s closure on international maritime transport was also raised.
U.S. President Donald Trump - (Anadolu Ajansı)
Following U.S. President Donald Trump’s 14 March 2026 statement, in which he asserted that many countries would send warships to the region to ensure the Strait of Hormuz remained open and secure, responses came from South Korea and Japan.
An unnamed spokesperson from the South Korean Presidential Office stated they were aware of Trump’s social media post and affirmed that “the security of international sea lanes and freedom of navigation are in the interest of all countries under the framework of international law.” The spokesperson noted that the U.S. request would be “carefully considered” and expressed hopes for the normalization of global maritime logistics.
In Japan, Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) policy chief Kobayashi Takayuki, speaking on the local NHK channel, stated that Japan’s sending ships to the Strait of Hormuz would constitute “an extremely difficult threshold to cross.” Kobayashi added that “while this possibility is not entirely ruled out legally, the current conditions require careful consideration of the issue.”
German Foreign Minister Johann Wadephul reiterated that Germany would not participate in any international military operation related to tensions in the Strait of Hormuz or attacks against Iran.
In an interview on the ARD television program Bericht aus Berlin, Wadephul stated that Germany would not be an active participant in the conflict and used the phrase “Will we soon become an active part of this conflict? No.”
Wadephul emphasized that the German government’s position on this issue was clear and had been explicitly stated by both Prime Minister Friedrich Merz and Defense Minister Boris Pistorius.
The Foreign Minister expressed Germany’s desire to participate in a potential diplomatic negotiation process and stated that lasting security in the Strait of Hormuz could only be achieved through diplomatic solutions and direct talks with Iran.
Wadephul also noted that the European Union’s military mission in the Red Sea, Aspides, had not delivered the expected impact. He expressed doubts about whether extending the mission to the Strait of Hormuz would provide additional security.
In response to a question, Wadephul stated that oil prices could return to normal only if the conflict in the region is resolved.
French President Emmanuel Macron stated that freedom of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz must be restored as quickly as possible. In a social media statement, Macron announced he had held a telephone conversation with Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian. During the call, Macron condemned Iran’s attacks on regional countries and said, “Whether these attacks are direct or carried out through proxy forces such as those in Lebanon and Iraq, I called on Iran to immediately cease its unacceptable attacks on regional countries.”
Macron emphasized that France would act only within a defensive framework to protect its own interests, its partners, and freedom of navigation. He also noted that France had made clear that its own targeting would be unacceptable.
Macron assessed that uncontrolled escalation of tensions could plunge the region into serious chaos and noted that the Iranian people were also affected by the situation.
Macron stated that a new political and security framework was needed, adding, “This framework must guarantee that Iran never acquires nuclear weapons and must also address the threats posed by its ballistic missile program and destabilizing activities in the region and internationally. Freedom of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz must be restored as quickly as possible.”
Australia and Japan announced they have no plans to send warships to the Middle East to ensure the security of the Strait of Hormuz. Australian Transport Minister Catherine King, in her assessment of U.S. President Donald Trump’s call for sending ships to the Strait of Hormuz, said, “We will not send a ship to the Strait of Hormuz. We understand how critically important it is, but this is not something we are being asked to do, and we are not contributing in this regard.”
King also clarified the scope of assistance offered, stating that only aircraft would be sent to the United Arab Emirates for defense support.
On the Japanese side, Prime Minister Takaichi Sanae said evaluations were ongoing regarding how to ensure the safety of Japanese vessels and crews in the Middle East. Takaichi noted that no formal request had been received from the U.S. and declined to answer hypothetical questions, but confirmed the issue was under review.
Japanese Defense Minister Koizumi Shinjiro also stated that the government currently had no plans to deploy the Japan Self-Defense Forces to the Middle East.
Protesters in the South Korean capital Seoul held demonstrations against the deployment of South Korean warships to the Strait of Hormuz.
Protests against sending warships to the Strait of Hormuz in South Korea, 16 March 2026 - (Anadolu Ajansı)
The demonstrations took place in front of the Blue House (Presidential Complex) and the U.S. Embassy. Protesters called on South Korea not to join the military presence in the Strait of Hormuz.
While U.S. and Israeli attacks on Iran and Iran’s missile strikes continued, U.S. President Donald Trump announced he had held discussions with seven countries regarding securing the Strait of Hormuz.
Speaking to journalists aboard Air Force One, Trump noted that these countries rely heavily on oil transported through the strait and said, “They get about 90 percent of their oil through the strait. I asked them, ‘Do you want to come in?’ Let’s see what happens. Maybe they will, maybe they won’t.”
Trump also stated that the U.S. had offered cooperation to China, which uses the majority of its crude oil transported via the Strait of Hormuz. Trump argued that oil prices would fall once the conflict ended and stated the conflict would end “quite rapidly.”
In an interview with the Financial Times, U.S. President Donald Trump stated that if allies fail to contribute to securing the Strait of Hormuz, the future of NATO would be “very bad.”
Trump noted that Europe and China are more dependent on oil from the Gulf than the U.S. and said, “Those who benefit from the strait should help ensure nothing bad happens there.”
Trump warned that without a positive response from allies, this would have negative consequences for NATO, saying, “If there is no response or if the response is negative, I think it will be very bad for the future of NATO.”
Trump said the U.S. had supported Ukraine in NATO and added, “We are there for them, but they are not there for us. I am not even sure they will be.” When asked what kind of support was expected, he replied, “Whatever is needed.” Noting that Europe has more mine countermeasure vessels than the U.S., Trump said these vessels should be sent to the region.
Trump expressed dissatisfaction with the UK’s current stance, saying, “The UK can be seen as the biggest ally, the oldest ally, etc. But when I asked them to come, they did not want to.”
Regarding his planned visit to China at the end of the month, Trump stated he expected President Xi Jinping to help open the Strait of Hormuzbefore their summit in Beijing.
“I think China should help because China gets 90 percent of its oil through this strait.” Trump added that waiting until the summit might be too late and that he could postpone the visit.
The Japanese government announced it had begun releasing oil from its reserves to alleviate concerns about energy supply disruptions caused by tensions in the Middle East.
According to Kyodo News, in the first phase, 15 days’ worth of oil reserves held by the private sector were released onto the market. This will be followed by the release of one month’s worth of government-controlled strategic reserves.
The government also announced it had reduced the mandatory reserve requirement for oil refineries and commercial companies from 70 days to 55 days, enabling additional stocks to be offered to the market.
Cabinet Secretary Minoru Kihara stated that Japan’s crude oil imports were expected to decline significantly from the end of March due to the de facto closure of the Strait of Hormuz. Kihara added that efforts were underway to ensure the smooth transfer of released oil to the market.
China has adopted a cautious stance regarding participation in the proposed international coalition, suggested by U.S. President Donald Trump, to ensure continued maritime traffic through the Strait of Hormuz.
Chinese Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Lin Jian avoided answering questions at a regular press conference in Beijing about whether China had received any call to join the coalition or whether it would send ships if such a request were made.
Spokesperson Lin stated that tensions in and around the Strait of Hormuz have negatively affected international trade and energy transport routes and harmed regional and global peace and stability. Lin said, “China once again calls on all parties to end military operations, avoid further escalation of tensions, and prevent regional chaos from inflicting greater damage on global economic growth.”
When asked whether China had received any request from the U.S., Lin stated that China remains in communication with all parties and continues its efforts to reduce tensions.
European countries have issued varied responses to the U.S. initiative to form an international coalition to secure the Strait of Hormuz.
German Prime Minister Friedrich Merz, when asked about the possibility of naval escorts for ships passing through the Strait of Hormuz, replied, “At this moment, I see no reason to consider the military protection of sea lanes.”
German Foreign Minister Johann Wadephul reiterated that Germany would not participate in any international military operation related to tensions in the Strait of Hormuz. Spanish Defense Minister Margarita Robles stated that Spain was not currently considering sending ships to the Strait of Hormuz.
Italian Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani said, “We are not involved in military operations in Hormuz. No European country has expressed a desire to participate in military operations in the Strait of Hormuz.”
EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Kaja Kallas reported that the possibility of a solution similar to the Black Sea Grain Initiative was being evaluated to keep the Strait of Hormuz open. Kallas said the issue had been discussed with United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres.
Kallas noted that the closure of the Strait of Hormuz could affect not only energy but also fertilizer supplies, saying, “If there is a fertilizer shortage this year, the result next year could be food shortages.”
The importance of reopening the Strait of Hormuz was discussed during the telephone conversation between UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer and U.S. President Trump.
UK Minister for Energy Security and Net Zero Ed Miliband stated that his country was evaluating “every possible option” for ensuring the security of the Strait of Hormuz. French President Emmanuel Macron announced plans to create a mission to escort container ships and tankers to gradually reopen the Strait of Hormuz. Macron emphasized that this mission would be defensive in nature.
French Foreign Minister Jean-Noël Barrot reiterated that freedom of navigation falls under maritime law and confirmed France’s intention to establish a mission to ensure maritime safety in the Strait of Hormuz.
Greek Deputy Prime Minister Kostis Hatzidakis stated that Greece would examine the economic consequences of developments in the Strait of Hormuz and the Middle East together with other EU countries.
No clear military position on the Strait of Hormuz has been announced by Austria, Hungary, the Czech Republic, or Slovakia. Austria issued a diplomatic appeal; Hungary and Slovakia focused on disruptions to oil shipments; the Czech Republic announced its intention to increase defense spending.
Officials from the main opposition party in South Korea, the People Power Party (PPP), stated that sending warships to the Strait of Hormuz would require approval by the National Assembly.
PPP’s National Assembly Group Leader Song Eon-seog emphasized that deploying the military to a high-risk conflict zone is a serious step and stated, “This is a matter requiring approval by the National Assembly in accordance with the constitution and relevant laws.”
Song’s statement followed U.S. President Donald Trump’s assertion that many countries would send warships to the region to ensure the Strait of Hormuz remained open and secure.
The South Korean Presidential Office had previously stated that the U.S. request would be “carefully considered.” At the same time, Australia and Japan also announced they had no plans to send ships to the Strait of Hormuz.
Following U.S. President Donald Trump’s statement that failure by allies to secure the Strait of Hormuz would be “very bad for NATO’s future,” NATO issued a statement on the issue.
An anonymous NATO official responded in writing to a question about whether the alliance would assume a role in securing the Strait of Hormuz. The official said, “Allies have already taken steps to provide additional security in the Mediterranean.”
The statement also noted that member countries are holding discussions with the U.S. and other parties regarding what further actions could be taken regarding security in the Strait of Hormuz.
German Defense Minister Boris Pistorius, at a joint press conference in Berlin with Latvian Defense Minister Andris Spruds, stated that Germany has no plans to participate in any military operation related to tensions in the Middle East and security discussions in the Strait of Hormuz.
“We are ready to provide diplomatic contributions to ensure safe passage through the Strait of Hormuz. However, military intervention is not on the table.” Pistorius emphasized that the military option is not on the agenda.
Pistorius stated he shares the goal of ending the Iranian regime but noted that the manner of achieving this remains controversial. He said Germany had moderately criticized the U.S. approach of partnering with Israel to attack Iran.
Addressing the issue of military presence in the Strait of Hormuz, Pistorius asked, “What does the world and Donald Trump expect? Are they expecting a few European frigates to achieve something the U.S. Navy alone cannot?”
Pistorius emphasized that any decision outside NATO’s area of responsibility must be carefully evaluated, saying, “I see no reason to do this. This is not our war. We did not start it.” He also stated that increasing the number of warships in the region would not contribute to resolving the problem.
Before a meeting of the Trump-Kennedy Center board of directors at the White House, U.S. President Donald Trump addressed the press and called on countries whose energy needs are met by tankers passing through the Strait of Hormuz. Trump said, “We are encouraging other countries whose economies are far more dependent on the Strait of Hormuz than ours to help protect it.”
Trump claimed to have significantly degraded Iran’s military capabilities and said the U.S. had struck many vessels Iran used to lay mines. He added that the U.S. does not know for certain whether Iran still mines the strait but said, “We have seriously weakened Iran’s ability to threaten commercial vessels in the Strait of Hormuz. We destroyed more than 30 mine-laying vessels.”
Trump noted that the U.S. has no need to import oil from abroad and that oil passing through the Strait of Hormuz accounts for only about 1 percent of total U.S. imports, saying,
“We are encouraging other countries whose economies are far more dependent on the Strait of Hormuz than ours to help protect it. China 90 percent, Japan 95 percent, South Korea 35 percent.”
Trump emphasized that many European countries also rely on the Strait of Hormuz for their oil needs and stated that the U.S. has protected the strait for years “for free.” He added, “Many countries told me they would come to help with the Strait of Hormuz; some are very eager, some less so, and some won’t come at all.”
Regarding NATO, Trump argued that the U.S. has always supported NATO but that NATO countries have not come to the U.S.’s aid when needed. He said the U.S. and Israel had struck nearly 7,000 targets in Iran and added,
“We have destroyed Iran’s defense industry infrastructure; its ability to rebuild its missile and drone capacity has been reduced to nearly zero. We are now dealing with a paper tiger Iran; they were not like this a few weeks ago, but they are now.”
Regarding Iran’s Hark Island, which is strategically important for Strait of Hormuz transit, Trump said the U.S. had struck everything except the island’s pipelines.
Trump said his conversation with French President Emmanuel Macron went well and that he expected France to help the U.S. on the Hormuz issue. Regarding the UK, he said, “The UK surprised me because two weeks ago I asked them, ‘Why aren’t you sending us ships?’ They really don’t want to do it. I am angry with the United Kingdom, but I believe they will join this process. They should join with great enthusiasm. We have protected these countries for years through NATO.”
German Prime Minister Friedrich Merz, in his statement regarding the U.S. and Israeli attacks on Iran, emphasized that the war must end quickly and within a defined framework. Merz made these remarks at a joint press conference following his meeting with Dutch Prime Minister Rob Jetten in Berlin.
Merz noted that the U.S. and Israeli attacks on Iranwere also discussed and stressed that the region must not be dragged into an open-ended conflict with unclear objectives. Merz warned that the spread of conflict would pose risks to partners in the Middle East and the Gulf and noted that the same applies to Iran’s state structure, territorial integrity, and economy.
Merz said, “This war must end as quickly as possible, with a clear plan and strategy.” He also recalled that in his initial statement with French President Emmanuel Macron and UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer on the first day of the attacks, Germany, like the U.S. and Israel, had stated its desire to end Iran’s nuclear and missile programs.
Merz emphasized that Germany is not part of the conflict, saying, “But we are not participating in this war. We have said this since day one. This will not change for the German government. This also means we will not contribute to securing free maritime passage in the Strait of Hormuz by military means as long as the war continues.”
Merz noted that no plan has been presented on how such a military operation could succeed and that no mandate has been issued by the United Nations (UN), the European Union (EU), or NATO. Merz said, “It has always been clear that this war is not NATO’s issue.” He added that the U.S. and Israel did not consult Germany before launching the attacks.
Merz emphasized that no common decision has been reached and therefore there is no situation regarding Germany’s military contribution. He also noted that U.S. President Donald Trump had requested two weeks ago that Germany continue its presence on NATO’s eastern and northern flanks under burden-sharing arrangements and that Germany had fulfilled this request.
Italian Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani responded to questions about the security of the Strait of Hormuz by saying, “I believe the security of Hormuz must be guaranteed through strengthened dialogue. We must do everything in our power to enable Americans and Iranians to reach an agreement guaranteeing freedom of navigation. The significant closure of the Strait of Hormuz affects not only industrialized countries but also poorer countries.”
Tajani pointed out that the closure of the Strait of Hormuz risks triggering a food crisis in the coming months, saying, “China and other countries are suffering more because they are dependent on oil and natural gas, but we must also consider the poorest countries and be ready to do everything necessary to help them.”
Regarding Italy’s position, Tajani said, “I have repeated our position. We are not in the war, we do not want to enter the war, and we will not enter the war. We have said this to Parliament and reiterated it at the Supreme Defense Council. Italy is not at war, will not enter the war, and will not join any other mission. As an EU country that has been attacked, we will continue to protect Cyprus with our navy. We will continue our presence with our navy in the Atalanta mission in the Red Sea and (Indian) Ocean.”
Danish Foreign Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen stated that Europe should remain open-minded regarding requests to secure the Strait of Hormuz.
Speaking to the press before the European Union Foreign Ministers’ Meeting, Rasmussen said the U.S. had not made any request to Denmark regarding the Strait of Hormuz. Rasmussen said, “We must remain open-minded to any request that contributes to protecting navigation in the Strait of Hormuz.”
Rasmussen emphasized that Denmark is a seafaring nation and stated that the country is open to contributing to the issue.
Rasmussen described the crisis in the Middle East as “truly serious” and added, “The situation there is of great importance for the war in Ukraine. Oil prices are rising. Russian President Vladimir Putin’s war chest is filling up. The attention of the U.S. and everyone else is shifting away from Ukraine.”
Following U.S. and Israeli attacks on Iran and Iran’s de facto closure of the Strait of Hormuz as a retaliatory measure, it was reported that the first non-Iranian crude oil tanker had transited the strait.
It was noted that the majority of vessels passing through the strait since 28 February 2026 were Iranian-flagged. According to real-time tracking platform MarineTraffic data, during the third week of Middle East tensions, the Aframax-class tanker “Karachi,” carrying Abu Dhabi’s Das crude oil, became the first non-Iranian vessel to transit the Strait of Hormuz with its Automatic Identification System (AIS) active.
The approximately 237-meter-long tanker entered Iran’s Exclusive Economic Zone at 14:33 local Turkish time on 15 March 2026 and passed through the Strait of Hormuz around 17:43.
The Pakistan-flagged tanker continued its journey in the Gulf of Oman after completing its transit with its AIS system active.
Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Oil Hayyan Abdulgani announced that alternative export plans had been prepared due to the halt in oil exports via the Strait of Hormuz and that the Kirkuk–Turkey oil pipeline could be reactivated within a week.
In a video statement, Abdulgani noted that Iraq’s crude oil production, according to OPEC quotas, is approximately 4.4 million barrels per day. However, he stated that oil exports had been halted due to military developments in the Gulf and the closure of the Strait of Hormuz shortly after the conflict began.
Abdulgani noted that Iraq previously exported approximately 3.4 million barrels per day of oil through southern ports, primarily the Basra Oil Terminal. He reported that production had been reduced following the strait’s closure.
According to the statement, oil production had been reduced to 1.5–1.6 million barrels per day to meet the needs of refineries and power plants. It was noted that refineries are operating at maximum capacity to continue producing gasoline, diesel, white oil products, and LPG, with certain quantities held in emergency reserves.
Abdulgani said that export restart efforts are evaluating shipments through Turkey’s Ceyhan Port and that tenders have been opened for exports via Syria’s Banyas Port and the Aqaba route.
Abdulgani noted that the Iraq–Turkey pipeline, which transports Kirkuk oil to Turkey, has a daily capacity of 200,000–250,000 barrels and that final testing and maintenance work is ongoing. Abdulgani said the remaining 100-kilometer section’s hydrostatic test is expected to be completed within a week and that oil from Kirkuk fields can be sent directly to the pipeline and delivered to Turkey without passing through the territory of the Iraqi Kurdistan Regional Government (IKRG).
Qatar announced that it has been maintaining contact with various parties to ensure the Strait of Hormuz remains open. Qatar Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Majid al-Ansari stated at a press conference that the closure of the Strait of Hormuz, which is strategically important for the transport of goods and energy, poses a threat to everyone.
Ansari stated that all violations of energy security are rejected and said, “Contacts with various parties to ensure the Strait of Hormuz remains open are continuing.”
In his statement on the status of the Strait of Hormuz, Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi stated that the strait is open to all countries except the U.S., Israel, and their allied actors.
Speaking at a press conference held by the Iranian Foreign Ministry Spokesperson’s Office in Tehran, Araghchi stated that Iran is conducting a legitimate defense against U.S. and Israeli attacks. Araghchi claimed that at the start of the war, the U.S. demanded “unconditional surrender” and later that calls for a ceasefire had emerged.
Araghchi said, “We did not send any message or call for a ceasefire, but this war must end in a way that makes the aggressors never dare to think of such aggression again. They have already learned a good lesson. They now understand the kind of nation they are facing. Iran will not hesitate to defend itself and will continue the war as long as necessary.”
Regarding the Strait of Hormuz, Araghchi said, “According to our view, the strait is open, but only closed to enemies and their allies. We proudly resist and will continue without hesitation.”
Japanese Foreign Minister Motegi Toshimitsu discussed the security of the Strait of Hormuz and developments in the Middle East during a telephone conversation with U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio.
According to the written statement from Japan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the two sides exchanged views on developments in the Middle East, including the current situation in Iran and its surroundings. Motegi condemned Iran’s missile strikes targeting Gulf countries and “activities threatening navigation security in the Strait of Hormuz.”
Motegi emphasized that navigation security in the Strait of Hormuzis critically important for international society in terms of energy security and noted that Japan will continue its diplomatic efforts in coordination with the U.S. and other international parties.
U.S. Secretary of State Rubio provided information on the U.S.’s ongoing efforts regarding the issue. Both parties agreed to maintain close contact and communication regarding developments in the region.
Japan previously announced it had no plans to send ships to the Middle East to ensure the security of the Strait of Hormuz. U.S. President Donald Trump, in his 14 March statement, claimed that many countries would send warships to the region to ensure the Strait of Hormuz remains open and secure and said, “I hope China, France, Japan, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and other countries affected by this artificial restriction will send ships to the region.”
A written statement was issued by the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs regarding the crisis in the Middle East. The statement criticized the actions of Israel and the U.S. in the region, stating: "The U.S. and Israel have launched a deceitful and baseless attack on Iran, triggering an unprecedented cycle of violence in the Middle East with no end in sight. As a result of U.S. and Israeli aggression, thousands of people have lost their lives and civilian infrastructure has been damaged. Neighboring countries are also suffering from Iran’s retaliatory strikes. Maritime traffic in the Strait of Hormuz, vital for the global economy, has been paralyzed."
The statement noted that the Basra Gulf region has been dragged into a chaotic and uncertain situation and emphasized that “the consequences of this adventure initiated by Washington and Tel Aviv are being felt worldwide.” The statement pointed out that the parties are continuing attacks rather than negotiations and repeated its call for all parties to immediately cease hostilities and return to a political and diplomatic solution. It stated, “First, attacks on civilians and infrastructure must stop, ending the deaths and suffering of civilians in Arab countries in the Basra Gulf and in Iran.”
German Foreign Minister Johann Wadephul stated that the Strait of Hormuz must be reopened as soon as possible and that the war must end at the earliest opportunity. Speaking at a joint press conference in Berlin with Greek Foreign Minister Yorgos Yerapetritis, Wadephul highlighted that oil and natural gas, as well as fertilizer shipments, are transported via the Basra Gulf. Wadephul noted that disruption of this transport could have devastating effects on global food security.
Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi, in a conversation with United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, stated that the current situation in the Strait of Hormuz is a consequence of the war initiated by the U.S. and Israel against Iran.
Araghchi stated that the U.S. and Israel’s military attacks violate the fundamental principles of international law and emphasized that the UN must clearly condemn this aggression and ensure accountability for those responsible. He also noted that the disruption of maritime activities in the Strait of Hormuz is a direct result of these military operations.
Araghchi also pointed out that the international community’s lack of response to Israel’s attacks in the region has increased regional insecurity.
Japanese Foreign Minister Motegi Toshimitsu, during a conversation with Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi, called for necessary measures to ensure the safety of all vessels in the Strait of Hormuz. Concerns were raised regarding Iran’s missile strikes targeting targets in the region in response to U.S. and Israeli attacks.
Japan also announced the establishment of an “International Peace Mediation Unit” to strengthen efforts to resolve global conflicts and stated its aim to play a more active role in mediation activities.
French President Emmanuel Macron announced that France will not participate in any military operations aimed at opening or securing the Strait of Hormuz. Macron stated that France is not a party to the conflict and will not engage in military intervention under current conditions.
Macron emphasized that France’s priority is to protect its citizens and military personnel in the region and stressed its goal of limiting the geographic spread of the conflict. Macron noted that France could contribute to international efforts to escort vessels in the Strait of Hormuz if the conflict ends.
Maritime traffic in the Strait of Hormuz has remained limited, with only 15 vessels transiting over the past three days. According to real-time data from MarineTraffic, transit levels in the strait have remained low.
Eight of the transiting vessels were dry cargo ships, five were tankers, and two carried liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). It was determined that 87 percent of transits were outbound from the strait and that many vessels were taking “unusual routes” through Iranian territorial waters.
Only 13 percent of vessels transiting the strait over the past three days entered the Gulf, indicating a continued imbalance in traffic flow.
Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis announced that Greece will not participate in any military operations in the Strait of Hormuz. Mitsotakis noted that the geographical scope of the European Union’s Aspides mission in the Red Sea does not cover the Strait of Hormuz.
Mitsotakis emphasized that Greece will not unilaterally participate in any military operation without a common decision within the European Union and stated that such a possibility is unlikely under current conditions.
The Bahraini Ministry of Foreign Affairs highlighted the strategic importance of the Strait of Hormuz for international maritime transport and called on the international community to act decisively to protect freedom of navigation.
The statement emphasized that Iran’s threats to close the strait violate international law and threaten regional security. It also stressed the importance of ensuring the security of oil supplies and global trade.
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International Energy Agency (IEA) announced on 11 March 2026 that its member countries had agreed to release a total 400 million barrels of strategic petroleum reserves into the market and shared the implementation details on 15 March 2026.
According to the announcement:
Under the plan:
The IEA member countries in Asia-Pacific will release their reserves “immediately.” The reserves of IEA member countries in the Americas and Europe will be released starting at the end of the month. This decision marks the sixth coordinated use of strategic reserves in IEA history. Previous decisions were made in 1991, 2005, 2011, and twice in 2022 when the Russia-Ukraine war began.
On the 16th day of the US-Israel attacks, Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi made various statements in an interview with the American CBS channel. Araghchi, without naming countries, shared that many nations seeking safe passage through the Strait of Hormuz had consulted with Iran and that the Iranian military had permitted a group of vessels belonging to different countries to pass through the strait.
When asked about the safety of four US citizens detained in Iran, Araghchi replied, "If the US and Israel do not attack our prisons, I believe they are safe."
On 15 March 2026, UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer held telephone conversations with US President Donald Trump and Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney. According to the statement issued by the UK Prime Minister’s Office at 10 Downing Street, the discussions addressed developments in the Middle East and the situation in the Strait of Hormuz.
Starmer and Trump discussed the importance of reopening the Strait of Hormuz to eliminate disruptions causing cost increases in global maritime transport. Starmer also conveyed his condolences to Trump for US soldiers killed during Iran’s missile strikes.
During Starmer’s conversation with Canadian Prime Minister Carney, the impact of the Strait of Hormuz’s closure on international maritime transport was also raised.
US President Donald Trump - (Anadolu Ajansı)
Following US President Donald Trump’s statement on 14 March 2026, in which he asserted that many countries would send warships to the region to ensure the Strait of Hormuz remains open and secure, responses came from South Korea and Japan.
An unnamed spokesperson from the South Korean Presidential Office stated they were aware of Trump’s social media post and affirmed that "the security of international sea lanes and freedom of navigation are in the interest of all countries under the framework of international law." The spokesperson noted that the US request would be “carefully considered” and expressed hopes for the normalization of global maritime logistics.
In a statement on the local NHK channel, Kobaayashi Takayuki, policy chief of Japan’s ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), said Japan’s sending ships to the Strait of Hormuz constitutes “an extremely difficult threshold to cross.” Kobaayashi stated that “legally this possibility is not entirely ruled out, but under current conditions the matter must be carefully examined.”
German Foreign Minister Johann Wadephul reiterated that Germany will not participate in any international military operation in the context of tensions in the Strait of Hormuz and attacks against Iran.
In an interview on the ARD television program Bericht aus Berlin, Wadephul stated that Germany will not be an active participant in the conflict and used the phrase “Will we soon become an active participant in this conflict? No.”
Wadephul emphasized that the German government’s position on this issue is clear and that it has been explicitly stated by Prime Minister Friedrich Merz and Defense Minister Boris Pistorius.
The Foreign Minister indicated that Germany wishes to participate in a potential diplomatic negotiation process and stated that lasting security in the Strait of Hormuz can only be achieved through diplomatic solutions and negotiations with Iran.
Wadephul also noted that the European Union’s military mission Aspides, launched to ensure maritime security in the Red Sea, has not delivered the expected impact. He expressed doubts about whether extending the mission to the Strait of Hormuz would provide additional security.
In response to a question, Wadephul stated that oil prices can only return to normal if the conflict in the region is resolved.
French President Emmanuel Macron stated that freedom of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz must be restored as quickly as possible. In a social media statement, Macron announced he had held a phone call with Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian. During the call, Macron referred to Iran’s attacks on regional countries and stated, “Whether these attacks are direct or carried out through proxy forces such as in Lebanon and Iraq, I called on Iran to immediately end its unacceptable attacks on regional countries.”
Macron stated that France acts only within a defensive framework to protect its own interests, its partners, and freedom of navigation in the region. He also noted that France has made clear that its targeting is unacceptable.
Macron assessed that uncontrolled escalation of tensions could plunge the region into serious chaos and noted that the Iranian people are also affected by this situation.
Macron emphasized the need for a new political and security framework, stating, “This framework must guarantee that Iran never acquires nuclear weapons and must also address the threats posed by its ballistic missile program and destabilizing activities at regional and international levels. Freedom of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz must be restored as quickly as possible.”
Australia and Japan announced they have no plans to send warships to the Middle East to ensure the security of the Strait of Hormuz. Australian Transport Minister Catherine King, in her assessment of US President Donald Trump’s call for sending ships to the Strait of Hormuz, stated, “We will not send a ship to the Strait of Hormuz. We know how critically important this is, but it is not something we are being asked to do, and we are not contributing in this regard.”
King also clarified the scope of assistance offered, stating that only aircraft would be sent to the United Arab Emirates for defense support.
On the Japanese side, Prime Minister Takaiçi Sanae stated that assessments are ongoing regarding how to ensure the safety of Japanese vessels and crews in the Middle East. Takaiçi noted that no formal request has been received from the US and declined to answer hypothetical questions, but confirmed the issue is under review.
Japanese Defense Minister Koizumi Shinjiro also stated that the government currently has no plans to deploy the Japan Self-Defense Forces to the Middle East.
Protesters in the capital of Seoul, South Korea, held demonstrations against the deployment of South Korean warships to the Strait of Hormuz.
Protests against sending warships to the Strait of Hormuz in South Korea, 16 March 2026 - (Anadolu Ajansı)
The demonstrations took place in front of the Blue House (Presidential Complex) and the US Embassy. Protesters called on South Korea not to join the military presence in the Strait of Hormuz.
While US and Israeli attacks on Iran and Iran’s missile strikes continue, US President Donald Trump announced he has held discussions with seven countries regarding ensuring the security of the Strait of Hormuz.
Speaking to journalists aboard Air Force One, Trump noted that these countries rely heavily on oil transported through the strait and said, “They get about 90 percent of their oil through the strait. I asked, ‘Do you want to come in?’ Let’s see what happens. Maybe they will, maybe they won’t.”
Trump also stated that the US has offered cooperation to China, which uses the majority of its crude oil transported via the Strait of Hormuz. Trump argued that oil prices will fall once the conflict ends and stated that the conflict will end “very quickly.”
In an interview with the Financial Times, US President Donald Trump stated that if allies fail to contribute to securing the Strait of Hormuz, the future of NATO will be “very bad.”
Trump noted that Europe and China are more dependent on oil from the Gulf than the US and said, “It is very appropriate for those benefiting from the strait to help ensure nothing bad happens there.”
Trump stated that if allies do not respond positively—or respond negatively—it would have serious consequences for NATO, saying, “If there is no response or a negative response, I think it will be very bad for NATO’s future.”
Trump said the US has supported NATO on Ukraine but noted that NATO countries have not supported the US, adding, “We are there for them but they are not there for us. I am not even sure they will be.” When asked what kind of support was expected, he replied, “Whatever is needed.” Trump noted that Europe has more mine countermeasure vessels than the US and said they should be sent to the region.
Trump expressed dissatisfaction with the UK’s current stance, saying, “The UK can be seen as the biggest ally, the oldest ally, etc. But when I asked them to come, they did not want to.”
Regarding his planned visit to China at the end of the month, Trump stated he expects President Xi Jinping to help open the Strait of Hormuz before their summit in Beijing.
“I think China should help because China gets 90 percent of its oil through this strait.” Trump said that waiting until the summit may be too late and that he could postpone the visit.
The Japanese government announced it has begun releasing oil from its reserves to alleviate concerns about energy supply disruptions caused by tensions in the Middle East.
According to Kyodo News Agency, in the first phase, 15 days’ worth of oil reserves held by the private sector have been released into the market. This will be followed by the release of one month’s worth of government-controlled strategic reserves.
The government also announced it has reduced the mandatory oil reserve requirement for refineries and commercial companies from 70 days to 55 days, enabling additional stocks to be offered to the market.
Cabinet Secretary Minoru Kihara stated that due to the de facto closure of the Strait of Hormuz, Japan’s crude oil imports are expected to decline significantly from the end of March. Kihara said efforts are underway to ensure the released oil is smoothly transferred to the market.
China has adopted a cautious stance regarding participation in the proposed international coalition, suggested by US President Donald Trump, to ensure continued maritime traffic through the Strait of Hormuz.
Chinese Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Lin Jian avoided answering questions at a regular press conference in Beijing regarding whether China had received any call to join the coalition or whether it would send ships if such a request were made.
Spokesperson Lin stated that tensions in and around the Strait of Hormuz have negatively affected international trade and energy transport routes and harmed regional and global peace and stability. Lin said, “China once again calls on all parties to end military operations, avoid further escalation of tensions, and prevent regional chaos from inflicting a greater blow on global economic growth.”
When asked whether China had received any request from the US, Lin stated that China remains in communication with all parties and continues its efforts to reduce tensions.
European countries have issued varied responses to the US initiative to create an international coalition to ensure the security of the Strait of Hormuz.
German Prime Minister Friedrich Merz, when asked about the possibility of naval escorts for ships passing through the Strait of Hormuz, replied, “At this moment, I see no reason to consider the military protection of sea lanes.”
German Foreign Minister Johann Wadephul reiterated that Germany will not participate in any international military operation in the context of tensions in the Strait of Hormuz. Spanish Defense Minister Margarita Robles stated that Spain is not currently considering sending ships to the Strait of Hormuz.
Italian Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani said, “We are not involved in military operations in Hormuz. No European country has expressed a desire to participate in military operations in the Strait of Hormuz.”
EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Kaja Kallas stated that the possibility of a solution similar to the Black Sea Grain Initiative is being evaluated to keep the Strait of Hormuz open. Kallas said she has discussed the matter with United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres.
Kallas noted that the closure of the Strait of Hormuz could affect not only energy but also fertilizer supplies, saying, “If there is a shortage of fertilizer this year, the result next year could be food shortages.”
The importance of reopening the Strait of Hormuz was discussed during the telephone conversation between UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer and US President Trump.
UK Minister for Energy Security and Net Zero Ed Miliband stated that his country is evaluating “every possible option” for ensuring the security of the Strait of Hormuz. French President Emmanuel Macron announced plans to create a mission to escort container ships and tankers to gradually reopen the Strait of Hormuz. Macron stated that this mission would be defensive in nature.
French Foreign Minister Jean-Noël Barrot reiterated that freedom of navigation falls under maritime law and that France seeks to establish a mission to ensure the safety of maritime traffic in the Strait of Hormuz.
Greek Deputy Prime Minister Kostis Hatzidakis stated that Greece will examine the economic consequences of developments in the Strait of Hormuz and the Middle East together with other EU countries.
No clear military position has been announced by Austria, Hungary, the Czech Republic, or Slovakia. Austria made a diplomatic appeal; Hungary and Slovakia focused on disruptions in oil shipments; the Czech Republic announced its intention to increase defense spending.
Officials from the main opposition party in South Korea, the People Power Party (PPP), stated that sending warships to the Strait of Hormuz would require approval by the National Assembly.
PPP’s National Assembly Group Leader Song Eon-seog emphasized that deploying the military to a high-risk conflict zone is a serious step and stated, “This is a matter that requires approval by the National Assembly in accordance with the constitution and relevant laws.”
Song’s statement followed US President Donald Trump’s assertion that many countries would send warships to the region to ensure the Strait of Hormuz remains open and secure.
The South Korean Presidential Office previously stated that the US request would be “carefully considered.” At the same time, Australia and Japan also announced they had no plans to send ships to the Strait of Hormuz.
Following US President Donald Trump’s statement that failure by allies to secure the Strait of Hormuz would be “very bad for NATO’s future,” NATO issued a statement on the issue.
An anonymous NATO official provided a written response to the question of whether the alliance would assume a role in securing the Strait of Hormuz. The official stated, “Allies have already taken steps to provide additional security in the Mediterranean.”
The statement also noted that member countries are holding discussions with the US and other parties regarding what further actions could be taken regarding security in the Strait of Hormuz.
German Defense Minister Boris Pistorius, at a joint press conference in Berlin with Latvian Defense Minister Andris Spruds, stated that Germany has no plans to participate in any military operation in the context of tensions in the Middle East and security discussions regarding the Strait of Hormuz.
“We are ready to provide diplomatic contributions to ensure safe passage through the Strait of Hormuz. However, military intervention is not on the table.” Pistorius emphasized that the military option is not on the agenda.
Pistorius stated that he shares the goal of ending the Iranian regime but noted that the manner of achieving this is controversial. Pistorius said Germany has moderately criticized the US approach of partnering with Israel to attack Iran.
Addressing the issue of military presence in the Strait of Hormuz, Pistorius asked, “What does the world and Donald Trump expect? Do they expect a few European frigates to accomplish something the US Navy alone cannot?”
Pistorius emphasized that any decision made outside the NATO area must be carefully evaluated, saying, “I see no reason to do this. This is not our war. We did not start it.” He also stated that increasing the number of warships in the region would not contribute to resolving the problem.
At a press briefing before a meeting of the Trump-Kennedy Center board of directors at the White House, US President Donald Trump called on countries whose energy needs are met by tankers passing through the Strait of Hormuz. Trump said, “We are encouraging other countries whose economies are far more dependent on the Strait of Hormuz to help protect it.”
Trump claimed that the US has significantly degraded Iran’s military capabilities and stated that they have struck many of Iran’s ships used to lay mines in the Strait of Hormuz. Trump noted that they are not certain whether Iran is still mining the strait but said, “We have severely weakened Iran’s ability to threaten commercial vessels in the Strait of Hormuz. We destroyed more than 30 mine-laying ships.”
Trump stated that the US has no need for imported oil and that oil passing through the Strait of Hormuz accounts for only about 1 percent of total US imports, saying, “We are encouraging other countries whose economies are far more dependent on the Strait of Hormuz to help protect it. China 90 percent, Japan 95 percent, South Korea 35 percent.”
Trump emphasized that many European countries also rely on the Strait of Hormuz for their oil needs and claimed that the US has protected the strait for years “for free.” He added, “Many countries told me they would come to help with the Strait of Hormuz; some are very eager, some less so, and some won’t come at all.”
Regarding NATO, Trump argued that the US has always supported NATO but that NATO countries have not supported the US when needed. Trump said they have struck nearly 7,000 targets in Iran alongside Israel, stating, “We have destroyed Iran’s defense industry infrastructure. Its ability to rebuild its missile and drone capacity has been reduced to almost zero. We are now dealing with a paper tiger Iran; they were not like this a few weeks ago, but now they are.”
Regarding Iran’s Hark Island, which is strategically important for Strait of Hormuz transit, Trump stated they have struck everything except the pipelines on the island.
Trump said his conversation with French President Emmanuel Macron went well and that he expects France to help the US on the Hormuz issue. Regarding the UK, he said, “The UK surprised me because two weeks ago I asked them, ‘Why aren’t you sending us ships?’ They really don’t want to do it. I am angry with the United Kingdom, but I believe they will join this process. They should join with great enthusiasm. We have protected these countries through NATO for years.”
German Prime Minister Friedrich Merz, in his statement regarding the US and Israeli attacks on Iran, stated that the war must end quickly and within a defined framework. Merz made these remarks at a joint press conference following a meeting with Dutch Prime Minister Rob Jetten in Berlin.
Merz noted that the US and Israeli attacks on Iran were also discussed and emphasized that the region must not be dragged into a conflict with unclear targets and unpredictable duration. Merz stated that the spread of conflict poses risks to regional partners in the Middle East and the Gulf and that the same applies to Iran’s state structure, territorial integrity, and economy.
Merz said, “This war must end as quickly as possible with a clear plan and strategy.” He also recalled his earlier statement with French President Emmanuel Macron and UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer on the first day of the attacks, noting that the US and Israel, like Germany, want to end Iran’s nuclear and missile programs.
Merz emphasized that Germany is not a party to the conflict, saying, “But we are not participating in this war. We have said this since day one. This will not change for the German government. This also means we will not contribute to ensuring free maritime navigation in the Strait of Hormuz through military means while the war continues.”
Merz noted that no plan has been presented on how such a military operation could succeed and that no mandate has been issued by the United Nations (UN), the European Union (EU), or NATO. Merz said, “It has always been clear that this war is not NATO’s issue.” He also stated that the US and Israel did not consult Germany before launching the attacks.
Merz emphasized that there is no common decision and therefore no situation regarding Germany’s military contribution. He also noted that US President Donald Trump had requested two weeks ago that Germany continue its presence on NATO’s eastern and northern flanks under burden-sharing and that Germany has fulfilled this request.
Italian Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani responded to questions on the security of the Strait of Hormuz by saying, “I believe the security of Hormuz must be guaranteed through strengthened dialogue. We must do everything in our power to enable Americans and Iranians to reach an agreement that guarantees freedom of navigation. The significant closure of the Strait of Hormuz affects not only industrialized countries but also poorer countries.”
Tajani pointed out that the closure of the Strait of Hormuz could lead to a food crisis in the coming months, saying, “China and other countries are suffering more because they are dependent on oil and natural gas, but we must also consider the poorest countries and be ready to do everything necessary to help them.”
Regarding Italy’s position, Tajani said, “I have repeated our position. We are not in the war, we do not want to enter the war, and we will not enter the war. We have said this to Parliament and repeated it at the Supreme Defense Council meeting. Italy is not at war, will not enter the war, and will not join any other mission. As an EU country that has been attacked, we will continue to protect Cyprus with our navy. We will continue our presence with our navy in the Aspides mission in the Red Sea and in the (Indian) Ocean.”
Danish Foreign Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen stated that Europe must be open-minded toward requests for contributing to the security of the Strait of Hormuz.
Speaking to the press before the European Union Foreign Ministers’ Meeting, Rasmussen stated that the US has not made any request to Denmark regarding the Strait of Hormuz. Rasmussen said, “We must be open-minded to any request that contributes to protecting freedom of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz.”
Rasmussen emphasized that Denmark is a maritime nation and stated that his country is open to contributing to the issue.
Rasmussen described the crisis in the Middle East as “extremely serious” and said, “The situation there is also of great importance for the war in Ukraine. Oil prices are rising. Russian President Vladimir Putin’s war chest is filling up. The attention of the US and everyone else is shifting away from Ukraine.”
Following US and Israeli attacks on Iran and Iran’s de facto closure of the Strait of Hormuz in retaliation, it was reported that the first non-Iranian crude oil tanker had transited the strait.
It was noted that the majority of vessels passing through the strait since 28 February 2026 were Iranian-flagged. According to data from the real-time tracking platform MarineTraffic, during the third week of tensions in the Middle East, the Aframax-class tanker “Karachi,” carrying Abu Dhabi’s Das crude oil, became the first non-Iranian vessel to transit the Strait of Hormuz with its Automatic Identification System (AIS) active.
The approximately 237-meter-long tanker entered Iran’s Exclusive Economic Zone at 14:33 Turkish time on 15 March 2026 and transited the Strait of Hormuz around 17:43.
The Pakistan-flagged tanker continued its journey in the Gulf of Oman after completing its transit with its AIS system active.
Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Oil Hayyan Abdulgani announced that alternative export plans are being prepared due to the halt in oil exports via the Strait of Hormuz and that the Kirkuk–Turkey oil pipeline could be reactivated within a week.
In a video statement, Abdulgani noted that Iraq’s crude oil production is approximately 4.4 million barrels per day according to OPEC quotas. However, he stated that oil exports have halted due to military developments in the Gulf and the closure of the Strait of Hormuz shortly after the conflict began.
Abdulgani noted that Iraq previously exported approximately 3.4 million barrels per day of oil through southern ports, primarily the Basra Oil Terminal. He reported that production has been reduced since the strait’s closure.
According to the statement, crude oil production has been reduced to 1.5–1.6 million barrels per day to meet the needs of refineries and power plants. It was noted that refineries are operating at maximum capacity to continue producing gasoline, diesel, white petroleum products, and LPG, and that certain quantities are being stored for emergency use.
Abdulgani stated that exports are being evaluated through Turkey’s Ceyhan Port and that tenders have been opened for exports via Syria’s Banyas Port and the Aqaba pipeline.
Abdulgani noted that the Iraq–Turkey pipeline, which transports oil from Kirkuk to Turkey, has a daily capacity of 200,000–250,000 barrels. He stated that final testing and maintenance work is ongoing. Abdulgani said the remaining 100-kilometer hydrostatic test is expected to be completed within a week and that oil from the Kirkuk fields can be sent directly to the pipeline and transported to Turkey without passing through the territory of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG).
Qatar stated that it is maintaining contact with various parties to ensure the Strait of Hormuz remains open. Qatar Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Majid al-Enzi stated at a press conference that the closure of the Strait of Hormuz, which is strategically important for the transport of goods and energy, poses a threat to everyone.
Ensari stated that any violation of energy security is rejected and said, “Contacts with various parties to ensure the Strait of Hormuz remains open are continuing.”
In his statement on the status of the Strait of Hormuz, Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi stated that the strait is open to all countries except the US, Israel, and their allies.
Speaking at a press conference held by the Iranian Foreign Ministry Spokesperson’s Office in Tehran, Araghchi stated that Iran is conducting a legitimate defense against US and Israeli attacks. Araghchi claimed that at the start of the war, the US demanded “unconditional surrender” and later that a ceasefire was being considered.
Araghchi said, “We did not send any message or call for a ceasefire, but this war must end in a way that makes the aggressors think twice before acting again. They have already learned a good lesson. They now understand the kind of nation they are facing. Iran will not hesitate to defend itself and will continue the war as long as necessary.”
Regarding the Strait of Hormuz, Araghchi stated, “According to our view, the strait is open, but only closed to enemies and their allies. We proudly resist and will continue without hesitation.”
Japanese Foreign Minister Motegi Toshimitsu discussed the security of the Strait of Hormuz and developments in the Middle East with US Secretary of State Marco Rubio in a telephone conversation.
According to the written statement from the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the two sides exchanged views on developments in the Middle East, including the current situation in Iran and its surroundings. Motegi condemned Iran’s missile strikes targeting Gulf countries and “activities threatening the safety of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz.”
Motegi stated that the safety of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz is critically important for the international community in terms of energy security and noted that Japan will continue its diplomatic efforts in coordination with the US and other international parties.
US Secretary of State Rubio provided information on the US’s ongoing efforts regarding the issue. Both parties agreed to maintain close contact and communication on developments in the region.
Japan previously announced it has no plans to send ships to the Middle East to ensure the security of the Strait of Hormuz. US President Donald Trump, in his statement on 14 March, asserted that many countries would send warships to the region to ensure the Strait of Hormuz remains open and secure, saying, “I hope China, France, Japan, South Korea, the United Kingdom, and other countries affected by this artificial constraint will send ships to the region.”
A written statement was issued by the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs regarding the crisis in the Middle East. The statement criticized the actions of Israel and the US in the region, stating: "The US and Israel have launched a treacherous and groundless attack on Iran, initiating an unprecedented cycle of violence in the Middle East with no end in sight. As a result of US and Israeli aggression, thousands of people have lost their lives and civilian infrastructure has been damaged. Neighboring countries are also suffering from Iran’s retaliatory strikes. Maritime traffic in the Strait of Hormuz, vital for the global economy, has been paralyzed."
The statement noted that the Basra Gulf region has been dragged into a chaotic and uncertain situation and emphasized that “the consequences of this adventure launched by Washington and Tel Aviv are being felt worldwide.” The statement pointed out that the parties are continuing attacks rather than negotiations and reiterated its call for all parties to immediately cease hostilities and return to a political and diplomatic solution. It stated, “First and foremost, attacks on civilians and infrastructure must stop, ending the deaths and suffering of civilians in Arab countries in the Basra Gulf and in Iran.”
German Foreign Minister Johann Wadephul stated that the Strait of Hormuz must be reopened as soon as possible and that the war must end at the earliest opportunity. Speaking at a joint press conference in Berlin with Greek Foreign Minister Yorgos Yerapetritis, Wadephul highlighted that oil and natural gas, as well as fertilizer transport, are carried through the Basra Gulf. Wadephul noted that disruption of this transport could have devastating effects on global food security.
Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi, in a conversation with United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, stated that the current situation in the Strait of Hormuz is a result of the war initiated by the US and Israel against Iran.
Araghchi stated that the US and Israel’s military attacks violate the fundamental principles of international law and emphasized that the UN must clearly condemn this aggression and ensure accountability for those responsible. He noted that the disruption of maritime activities in the Strait of Hormuz is also a consequence of these military operations.
Araghchi also noted that the international community’s lack of response to Israel’s attacks in the region has increased regional insecurity.
Japanese Foreign Minister Motegi Toshimitsu, in a conversation with Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi, called for the necessary measures to ensure the safety of all vessels in the Strait of Hormuz. Concerns were raised during the conversation regarding Iran’s missile strikes targeting targets in the region in response to US and Israeli attacks.
Japan also announced the establishment of an “International Peace Mediation Unit” to strengthen efforts to resolve global conflicts and stated that it aims to play a more active role in mediation activities.
French President Emmanuel Macron stated that France will not participate in any military operations aimed at opening or securing the Strait of Hormuz. Macron stated that France is not a party to the conflict and will not participate in military intervention under current conditions.
Macron stated that France’s priority is to protect its citizens and military personnel in the region and emphasized that it aims to limit the geographic spread of the conflict. Macron noted that France could contribute to international efforts to escort vessels in the Strait of Hormuz if the conflict ends.
Maritime traffic in the Strait of Hormuz has remained limited, with only 15 vessels transiting over the past three days. According to data from the real-time tracking company MarineTraffic, transit levels in the strait remain low.
The vessels transiting include eight dry cargo ships, five tankers, and two LPG carriers. It was determined that 87 percent of transits were outbound from the strait and that many vessels are taking “unusual routes” through Iranian territorial waters.
Only 13 percent of vessels transiting the strait over the past three days were entering the Gulf, indicating that the imbalance in traffic flow continues.
Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis stated that Greece will not participate in any military operation in the Strait of Hormuz. Mitsotakis noted that the geographical scope of the European Union’s Aspides mission in the Red Sea does not include the Strait of Hormuz.
Mitsotakis emphasized that Greece will not unilaterally participate in any military operation without a common decision within the European Union and stated that such a possibility is unlikely under current conditions.
The Bahraini Ministry of Foreign Affairs highlighted the strategic importance of the Strait of Hormuz for international maritime transport and called on the international community to act decisively to protect freedom of navigation.
The statement stated that Iran’s threats to close the strait violate international law and threaten regional security. It also emphasized the importance of ensuring the security of oil supplies and global trade.
Speaker of the Iranian Parliament Muhammad Baqer Qalibaf stated that the situation in the Strait of Hormuz will not return to pre-war conditions. In a social media statement, Qalibaf indicated that the current situation in the strait signals a permanent change.
US President Donald Trump claimed that some allied countries would act more quickly if control of the Strait of Hormuz is secured. In a social media post, Trump noted that the US does not directly use the strait and stated that allies have not responded adequately to the current situation.
Following US and Israeli attacks on Iran and Iran’s retaliatory strikes against US bases and some Gulf countries, a significant drop in maritime traffic in the Strait of Hormuz was observed. Iranian officials stated that the number of casualties and wounded in these attacks has reached high levels.
According to reports in the Israeli press, the Tel Aviv administration is considering providing intelligence support to the US and Gulf countries for a planned military operation aimed at securing control of the Strait of Hormuz, which is critically important for global energy and trade due to Iran’s blockade.
According to information from KAN, the Israeli government assesses that the US is preparing to take control of the Strait of Hormuz. In this context, the US is said to aim to end Iran’s blockade of this strategic trade route.
The report states that the US has increased its military buildup in the region and that the USS Tripoli, based in Japan, along with its associated Marine units, has been deployed to the region as part of operational preparations. This military activity is said to form the infrastructure for a potential naval and air operation.
According to Israeli sources, the planned operation is expected to last several weeks, and Israel is said to provide intelligence support to US forces and Gulf countries in the initial phase rather than direct military participation.
Disruptions in shipments from the Strait of Hormuz and escalating conflicts in the Middle East between the US and Israel against Iran have led to a supply shortage in the global liquefied natural gas (LNG) market. According to data from the Scottish research firm Wood Mackenzie, since the start of the crisis, approximately 1.5 million tons of LNG have failed to reach global markets each week.
The halt in production at key LNG facilities in Qatar and the United Arab Emirates has emerged as one of the main causes of the supply disruption. Iran’s retaliatory strikes caused production interruptions at Qatar’s Ras Laffan facility, with an annual capacity of 80 million tons, and at the Das Island facility in the UAE with a capacity of 4.6 million tons. Qatar Energy declared force majeure and halted production on 4 March.
By the 19th day of the war, LNG shipments from Qatar and the UAE through the Strait of Hormuz have come to a standstill, resulting in an estimated 4 million tons of LNG being unable to reach global markets. Considering Qatar’s approximately 20 percent share of global LNG supply, the impact of this disruption on international energy markets is significant.
In Iran, a draft law has been prepared to charge transit fees on vessels passing through the Strait of Hormuz, which is strategically important for global energy and trade. According to a report by the semi-official ISNA News Agency citing a member of parliament, the draft law is scheduled for discussion in the Iranian Parliament.
The draft law is said to require countries using the strait for maritime trade, energy transport, and food security to pay transit fees and taxes to Iran if the route is used safely. The aim of the draft is to bring international trade and energy flows through the strait under an economic regulatory framework.
Mohammad Mohib, advisor to Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei, stated that a new system will be defined for the Strait of Hormuz. This statement reflects an approach to reorganizing the current maritime transit regime.
German Prime Minister Friedrich Merz stated that Germany is prepared to support an international mission to ensure the security of the Strait of Hormuz, which is critically important for global energy and trade, but that this support is conditional.
Speaking to the press before the European Union Leaders’ Summit in Brussels, Merz stated that such support is only possible if the conflict in the Middle East ends and the necessary international legitimacy is established. He emphasized that participation in such a military or security mission is not possible while the conflict continues.
Merz stated that Europe must establish a new balance in terms of defense capacity and energy supply security amid increasing global competition and noted that this process can only be achieved with a strong economic structure. He pointed out that the rise in energy prices across Europe is directly linked to developments in the Middle East and confirmed that this issue is among the top priorities on the summit agenda.
Merz welcomed US President Donald Trump’s statements aimed at ending the conflict and stated that this process depends on conditions such as Iran abandoning its nuclear program, ending terrorist activities, and joining negotiations. He noted that Germany could contribute to a multilateral mission to ensure the security of the Strait of Hormuz after the conflict ends and international legitimacy is established, but that such an initiative is not on the agenda under current conditions.
France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom issued a joint statement on ensuring the safety of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz, which is critically important for global energy and trade. In the statement by the leaders of these countries, it was stated that they are ready to contribute to international efforts to ensure the safety of commercial shipping in the strait.
The joint statement condemned attacks by Iran on unarmed commercial vessels in the Gulf and actions targeting civilian infrastructure, including oil and natural gas facilities. It also expressed concern over developments regarding Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps closing the Strait of Hormuz from a global security perspective.
The statement called on Iran to halt threats, mine-laying activities, and unmanned aerial vehicle and missile attacks and demanded an end to all efforts to obstruct commercial navigation. It emphasized that Iran must comply with United Nations Security Council Resolution 2817.
The statement noted that freedom of navigation is one of the fundamental principles of international law and emphasized that the effects of developments in the Strait of Hormuz are felt globally. It stated that interventions in global maritime transport and disruptions to energy supply chains pose risks to international peace and security.
The statement also called for an end to attacks on civilian infrastructure, including oil and natural gas facilities in the region, and stated that cooperation with producer countries will be pursued to stabilize energy markets. It welcomed the coordinated release of strategic petroleum reserves by the International Energy Agency.
The joint statement noted that the commitments of countries contributing to preparatory planning for ensuring navigation safety in the Strait of Hormuz have been positively received and invited all countries to comply with international law.
Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni stated that a military mission to end the blockade imposed by Iran in the Strait of Hormuz, which is critically important for global energy and trade, is not on the agenda.
Speaking to the press after the European Union Leaders’ Summit in Brussels, Meloni stated that European countries have no intention of direct military intervention in the current conflict and prioritize diplomatic solutions. It was reported that issues such as the crisis in the Middle East, energy security, migration, and multilateralism were discussed at the summit.
Meloni commented on the joint statement issued by France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom, which stated that they are ready to contribute to ensuring navigation safety in the Strait of Hormuz, emphasizing that these statements should not be interpreted as military intervention.
Prime Minister Meloni stated that contribution to ensuring freedom of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz is only possible after the conflict ends, appropriate conditions are established, and clear agreement is reached between the parties. She noted that the approach of European countries is to act within the framework of international law after the conflict ends.
Meloni also highlighted the potential impact of developments in the Middle East on migration flows to Europe and stated that Europe must strengthen its external borders. It was reported that Italy and Denmark have brought forward proposals based on lessons learned from the 2015 migration crisis to prevent a similar situation.
French President Emmanuel Macron stated that France will not participate in any effort to open the Strait of Hormuz through the use of force.
Speaking at a press conference during the European Union Leaders’ Summit in Brussels, Macron stated that France’s approach in the Middle East is defense-oriented and aims to reduce tensions in the region. It was noted that calls have been made to halt attacks on civilian targets, including energy and water infrastructure.
Macron emphasized the need for a pause in hostilities during the holiday period, a cessation of arms, and an opportunity for a negotiation-based solution. He stated that France would be ready to assume responsibility for escorting vessels in the Strait of Hormuz alongside other countries if the situation in the region calms down.
In this context, it was noted that any potential security mechanism must involve participation from actors in the maritime sector and diplomatic negotiations with Iran. However, under current conditions, with ongoing bombardment and military operations, participation in any effort to open the Strait of Hormuz through military force is not possible.
Macron also stated that he discussed the humanitarian situation in Gaza with United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres and emphasized the need for unimpeded humanitarian aid to the region. He noted that a potential international framework for the Strait of Hormuz could be addressed within the United Nations, but stressed that this process must be based on multilateral decision-making mechanisms.
While noting that strategic reserves could be used to ensure energy supply, it was stated that European countries are working on measures to address rising energy prices. Macron also criticized Israel’s activities in the occupied West Bank and stated that military operations against Lebanon are unacceptable.
International credit rating agency Fitch Ratings published scenarios indicating that significant price increases in oil could occur depending on the duration of the closure of the Strait of Hormuz, which is critically important for global energy supply. In its statement, Fitch noted that if the Strait of Hormuz remains effectively closed for six months, the average Brent crude oil price in 2026 could reach $120 per barrel. The same statement indicated that if the strait is closed for three months, the annual average price could reach approximately $100 per barrel.
In the three-month closure scenario, Brent crude oil prices are projected to rise to an average of $130 during the closure period and fall back to approximately $90 by year-end. In the six-month closure scenario, prices are expected to rise to between $130 and $170 during the closure period and return to $90 by year-end.
The statement noted that the baseline scenario for Brent crude oil in 2026 is an average price of $70 per barrel, compared to $63 before the war due to a global supply surplus. It was noted that the closure of the Strait of Hormuz could result in a loss of approximately 15 million barrels of daily oil transit, although limited oil flows may continue. Fitch stated that oil price fluctuations will persist, the geopolitical risk premium will remain high, and uncertainty regarding the duration of the conflict and the closure of the strait will continue to be decisive in price formation.
The Belgian government stated that it could participate in a potential international mission to ensure the security of the Strait of Hormuz, which is critically important for global energy and trade, provided certain conditions are met.
According to Belgian sources, the cabinet meeting addressed the proposal for Belgium to contribute alongside Germany, France, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom to ensure safe passage in the Strait of Hormuz. The meeting concluded that Belgium is prepared to contribute only if a lasting ceasefire is achieved and a mission with a clear international framework is established.
The government’s assessment stated that the final decision will be made after these conditions are met, taking into account all relevant factors. This approach demonstrates that Belgium ties its military participation to an international legitimacy framework independent of the conflict conditions.
The cabinet meeting also evaluated requests for military support from Oman, the United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia. It was decided to examine these requests in greater detail and that the process will be conducted through diplomatic channels managed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs rather than the Ministry of Defense. It is anticipated that Belgium’s diplomatic missions in the region will clarify the scope of these requests and assess the contribution options Belgium can offer beyond the military domain.
On 21 March 2026, US President Donald Trump, in his statement regarding ongoing hostilities with Iran, stated that he does not want a ceasefire. As Trump left the White House, he told journalists, “I don’t want a ceasefire. You know, you don’t call for a ceasefire while you are literally eliminating the other side.”
In response to a question about whether Israel is ready to end its attacks simultaneously with the US, Trump replied, “I think so. Our relationship is very good. We want roughly the same things. What do we want? We both want victory.”
In the same statement, Trump noted that since the start of the attacks, maritime traffic in the Strait of Hormuz has sharply declined and stated that the US does not use the strait. He argued that Europe, South Korea, Japan, and China must join the effort. Trump also assessed Iran’s military capabilities, saying, “The only thing they have done militarily is block the strait. From a military standpoint, they are finished.”
In another social media post on the same day, Trump said, “The Strait of Hormuz must be protected and monitored by the countries that need it. The US does not use it. If needed, we will help these countries with their Hormuz efforts, but once Iran’s threat is eliminated, there will be no need for this. More importantly, it will be an easy military operation for them.”
On 21 March 2026, US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent announced the issuance of a limited and short-term general license authorizing the sale of Iranian oil waiting at sea.
Bessent stated that the US administration took this step to increase global energy supply and ensure market stability and said, “In response to terrorist attacks by Iran on the global energy infrastructure, the Trump administration will continue to use America’s economic and military power to maximize the flow of energy to the world, strengthen global supply, and ensure market stability.”
The announcement noted that sanctioned Iranian oil is primarily stored by China and that the temporary release of this existing supply will bring approximately 140 million barrels of oil to the global market. This step is aimed at increasing global energy supply and alleviating market pressure.
Bessent also stated, “Essentially, while continuing the ‘Operation Furious Fury,’ we will use Iran’s oil to keep prices low against Tehran.” The issued general license is limited to oil already loaded onto vessels at sea before 00:01 local time on 20 March and does not permit new production or sales. The license is valid until 00:01 local time on 19 April.
Bessent also stated that the US will continue its maximum pressure policy against Iran and that Iran’s access to the international financial system will remain restricted. At the same time, the US administration aims to have supplied approximately 440 million barrels of additional oil to the global market through previous steps and stated that this has weakened Iran’s ability to exploit disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz to its advantage.
On the same day, Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi, in his statement regarding the war initiated by US and Israeli attacks, stated that they reject ceasefire calls. Araghchi outlined the conditions for ending the war, saying, “We do not accept a ceasefire because we do not want the events of last year to be repeated. The war must end completely and permanently, and guarantees must be provided that this will not happen again. The damage inflicted on Iran must also be compensated.”
In an interview with Japan’s Kyodo News Agency, Araghchi stated that the current situation in the Strait of Hormuz is a result of US and Israeli attacks and said, “We did not close the Strait of Hormuz; the strait is open. We have only imposed restrictions on vessels belonging to countries participating in attacks against Iran.”
Araghchi also stated that support is being provided for the transit of vessels belonging to other countries and noted that safe passage through the strait is possible if countries such as Japan coordinate with Iran.
On 21 March, Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese made statements regarding Australia’s stance on the US and Israeli attacks on Iran and Iran’s missile strikes. Albanese stated that Australia has signed the joint statement coordinated by the UK, which includes efforts to ensure the safety of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz, and affirmed its support for this statement.
In his statement, Albanese said, “We have done what was asked of us. As I have previously stated, there have been various comments at different times. I have no intention of commenting on what others have said.” Albanese defended Australia’s fulfillment of its responsibilities in the current process and emphasized that the continued openness of the Strait of Hormuz is critical and called on the Iranian government to halt its attacks.
On 21 March 2026, it was reported that the Iranian Parliament is preparing to approve a draft law proposing the collection of transit fees from vessels passing through the Strait of Hormuz. Speaking to the semi-official ISNA News Agency, Member of Parliament and Economic Committee Member Said Rahmetzade made assessments regarding the proposed regulation and said, “This can help strengthen the country’s revenue sources and improve the level of security and maritime services on this route. In this context, the Parliament is ready to approve the draft law proposing the collection of fees for safe passage through the Strait of Hormuz.”
Rahmetzade noted that charging transit fees for passage through straits is a common practice in many important maritime routes worldwide.
On 21 March 2026, it was reported that the number of countries joining the joint statement issued on 19 March to ensure the safety of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz has risen to 22. With the inclusion of the United Arab Emirates, the joint statement now states that the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Japan, Canada, South Korea, New Zealand, Denmark, Latvia, Slovenia, Estonia, Norway, Sweden, Finland, the Czech Republic, Romania, Bahrain, Lithuania, and Australia are ready to contribute to efforts to ensure navigation safety in the Strait of Hormuz.
The 19 March joint statement included the statement, “We strongly condemn Iran’s recent attacks on unarmed commercial vessels in the Gulf, attacks on civilian infrastructure including oil and natural gas facilities, and the closure of the Strait of Hormuz by Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.”
The statement also stated, “We call on Iran to halt its threats, mine-laying operations, unmanned aerial vehicle and missile attacks, and all efforts to block the Strait of Hormuz and comply with United Nations Security Council Resolution 2817.”
The text emphasized that freedom of navigation is one of the fundamental principles of international law and that interventions in energy supply chains pose a threat to global security. Additionally, “We are ready to contribute to appropriate efforts to ensure navigation safety in the Strait of Hormuz. We welcome the commitments of countries contributing to preparatory planning.”
Hormuz Strait Crisis (2026) is a crisis that acquired military and commercial dimensions after the United States and Israel launched attacks against Iran on 28 February 2026, culminating in the Iran Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps announcing on 2 March 2026 that all transit through the Hormuz Strait had been closed. By 25 March 2026, commercial shipping traffic through the Hormuz Strait had effectively come to a halt.
Hormuz Strait - (Anadolu Ajansı)
The Hormuz Strait is a narrow waterway at the mouth of the Persian Gulf that connects oil and liquefied natural gas (LNG) production in the Middle East to global markets via the Sea of Oman and the Indian Ocean.
Approximately 20 million barrels of oil, equivalent to about 20 percent of daily global oil consumption, pass through the strait each day. This strategic chokepoint transports significant volumes of oil from Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Iraq, Kuwait and Iran and all of Qatar’s liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports to international markets.
About 20 percent of global LNG exports transit through the Hormuz Strait. Nearly all of Qatar’s LNG exports, one of the world’s largest exporters, reach international markets via this route. A significant portion of these shipments is destined for Asian countries such as China, India, Japan and South Korea.
According to data from the United Kingdom Maritime Trade Operations (UKMTO), the Hormuz Strait historically sees an average of 138 vessels per day.
28 February 2026 saw the escalation of hostilities across the region following the United States and Israel’s attacks on Iran. Iran responded with strikes against Israeli targets as well as U.S. military bases and facilities in the region.
Iranian media claimed that the passage of ships and oil tankers through the Hormuz Strait had been “effectively” closed. International media reports citing a European Union official stated that the Iran Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) had issued messages to vessels intending to use the strait: “No vessel will be permitted to pass.”
However, no official statement from Iran confirming the closure of the Hormuz Strait was issued on 28 February. The United Kingdom Maritime Trade Operations (UKMTO), in its advisory, noted “significant” military activity in the region and warned mariners to be alert for increased electronic interference and disruptions in Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) and other navigation or communication systems.
UKMTO also reported receiving multiple reports via international calling channel VHF Channel 16 concerning claims of the strait’s closure. It clarified that these claims could not be verified, that statements on VHF Channel 16 are not legally binding, and that they do not constitute any restriction on navigation under international law. UKMTO urged vessels to proceed with extreme caution.
On 28 February 2026, commercial vessel traffic continued heavily through the Hormuz Strait, although some container ships were observed making U-turns in the Oman Gulf and Hormuz Strait, while other commercial vessels began anchoring in the Gulf.
1 March 2026, Iranian state television reported that an oil tanker attempting to transit the Hormuz Strait despite warnings had been struck.
According to the report, an oil tanker attempting an “illegal” transit through the strait in disregard of warnings was targeted. Footage was released showing the tanker engulfed in flames and sinking.
On the same day, the German-based company Hapag-Lloyd, one of the world’s largest container shipping companies, announced the suspension of all vessel transits through the Hormuz Strait until further notice.
In its statement regarding transit through the Hormuz Strait, Hapag-Lloyd stated: "Due to the conflict in the Middle East and the deteriorating security situation in the region, and in light of official closure of the Hormuz Strait by relevant authorities, Hapag-Lloyd is suspending all vessel transits through this waterway until further notice."
The statement emphasized that the safety and security of crews, vessels and cargo remain the highest priority, and that the decision was not voluntary but a necessary step under current conditions and regulatory constraints.
The company noted it was closely monitoring rapidly evolving developments and maintaining continuous contact with authorities, adding:
"As a result of this situation, delays, rerouting or schedule adjustments may occur for services calling at ports in the Persian Gulf. We are working to minimize disruptions and will communicate significant changes regarding affected shipments as soon as possible."
1 March 2026, the Danish-based company Maersk, one of the world’s largest container shipping companies, announced it had halted all vessel transits through the Hormuz Strait until further notice.
In its written statement, Maersk referenced information regarding the situation in the Hormuz Strait following the joint attacks by the United States and Israel on Iran, which were alleged to have prompted Iran to close the strait.
The statement affirmed that the safety of Maersk’s crews, vessels and cargo was the company’s top priority, and declared: “We are suspending all vessel transits through the Hormuz Strait until further notice.”
Delays, route changes or schedule adjustments for services calling at regional ports were noted as possible.
1 March 2026, French channel BFMTV reported that following the United States and Israel’s attacks on Iran and Iran’s retaliatory strikes, congestion had emerged in Hormuz Strait traffic, and the French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle was moving toward the Eastern Mediterranean.
According to the report, after the U.S. and Israeli attacks, Iran targeted locations in several regional countries hosting U.S. bases, including Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain, and congestion had developed in shipping traffic through the Hormuz Strait. As a result, France’s nuclear-powered aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle and its accompanying vessels cut short their operations in the Baltic Sea. It was reported that Charles de Gaulle and its accompanying vessels had been redirected to the Eastern Mediterranean.
Laurent Martens, General Representative of the French Shipowners’ Association Armateurs de France, told the national press that 60 vessels flying the French flag or owned by French companies were trapped in the Persian Gulf.
Martens stated these vessels had passed through the Hormuz Strait and, following instructions from the French navy to seek safe harbor, had moved to ports in the region. The safety of the crews was confirmed. Martens assessed that French vessels were not “priority targets” in Iranian attacks.
1 March 2026, the United Kingdom Maritime Trade Operations (UKMTO) announced that the maritime security situation in the Hormuz Strait had escalated to the highest risk level, “critical”, following confirmation of multiple attacks on commercial vessels in the Oman Gulf, near Musandam and in the territorial waters of the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
The UKMTO statement confirmed that multiple vessels in the Oman Gulf, near Musandam and UAE coastal waters had been targeted by missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles. Attacks were recorded in the past 24 hours on the crude oil and oil tankers named SKYLIGHT, MKD VYOM and SEA LA DONNA.
The statement noted no discernible link between these vessels and any specific target profile, and added: “Although the Hormuz Strait has not been officially closed, the operational environment in this region reflects active kinetic threat conditions.”
The average daily transit of 138 vessels through the Hormuz Strait had dropped by more than 20 percent in the past 24 hours to approximately 110. This decline was described as a temporary reaction rather than a structural reduction.
It was anticipated that vessel congestion would increase near UAE coastal ports, Oman waters and anchorage areas near the Hormuz Strait as operators deferred transits until the situation became clearer.
2 March 2026, several maritime insurance companies announced they had canceled war risk coverage for vessels in the region following the weekend commencement of joint U.S.-Israeli attacks on Iran.
The UK-based NorthStandard and London P&I Club, Norway-based Gard and Skuld, and the American Club announced on their websites that they had received cancellation notices from their reinsurers regarding war risks in Iran and the Persian Gulf.
According to the notices, war risk coverage will be excluded for Iranian waters, the Gulf and adjacent waters. The decision was stated to take effect as of 5 March 2026.
2 March 2026, as security risks reached their highest level, oil tanker transits through the Hormuz Strait ceased, with over 700 tankers accumulating on both sides of the strait.
According to analysis by real-time data analytics firm Kpler, on 27 February 2026, 15 tankers carrying 21 million barrels of crude oil and petroleum products transited the strait. On 28 February 2026, this increased to 18 vessels carrying 21.6 million barrels.
As tensions escalated, only 3 tankers transited the strait on 1 March 2026, carrying a total of 2.8 million barrels of crude oil and petroleum products. One of these tankers was reported to carry approximately 2 million barrels of crude oil.
As of 2 March, it was reported that 706 non-Iranian tankers were waiting on either side of the Hormuz Strait. Their distribution was as follows:
These tankers were anchored at various locations in the Persian Gulf (west of the strait), the Oman Gulf (east of the strait) and the Arabian Sea.
Due to disruption in navigation in the Hormuz Strait, vessels are heading to UAE ports, 2 March 2026 - (Anadolu Ajansı)
2 March 2026, Advisor to the Commander-in-Chief of the Iran Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, Brigadier General Ibrahim Jabbari, announced the closure of the Hormuz Strait to all transit.
Speaking on Iranian state television, Jabbari stated that in response to U.S.-Israeli attacks, no transit would be permitted through the Hormuz Strait, and declared:
“The Hormuz Strait is closed. We will attack and set fire to any vessel attempting to pass. (Vessels attempting to pass) will be burned by our heroic personnel in the Navy and Ground Forces of the Revolutionary Guard. Do not come to this region. Oil prices have reached $82, and the world is certainly expecting them to reach at least $200. We will also attack oil pipelines and will not allow a single drop of oil to leave this region.”
On the same day, the Iran Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps issued another statement claiming that 26 unmanned aerial vehicles and five ballistic missiles were launched against fixed and mobile U.S. military targets in Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and the Hormuz Strait.
3 March 2026, following the closure of the Hormuz Strait, maritime traffic to and from the Gulf came to a standstill. It was reported that numerous vessels were stranded in the region as of 3 March. Concerns over disruptions to global energy supplies intensified, and price increases were experienced in international markets.
Maritime research firm Drewry indicated that, following the closure of the Hormuz Strait, shipping companies were expected to seek alternative solutions involving land transport and loading at ports outside the Gulf.
It was reported that the significant closure of airspace in Gulf countries had disrupted air cargo operations and crew movements, with no definitive timeline for reopening.
In this context, it was noted that shipping companies might further reduce transit through the Suez Canal and prioritize routes around the Cape of Good Hope.
It was reported that cargo owners faced rising freight rates, longer transit times, supply chain delays and risks of equipment shortages, with anticipated increases in fuel costs.
According to Windward data, vessel transits through the Hormuz Strait dropped to 7 on 2 March 2026 and further to 4 on 3 March 2026, representing a 90 percent decline compared to the average over the previous seven days.
Vessel traffic in the Hormuz Strait, 5 March 2026 - (Anadolu Ajansı)
According to MarineTraffic data, oil tanker traffic through the Hormuz Strait on the same dates had also declined by 90 percent compared to pre-attack levels.
3 March 2026, it was reported that European gas prices had risen by more than 100 percent following the closure of the Hormuz Strait and the shutdown of production at a liquefied natural gas (LNG) facility owned by Qatar Energy.
It was reported that one of the unmanned aerial vehicles launched from Iran targeted the Qatar Energy LNG production facility in Ras Laffan Industrial City, prompting the company to halt production. The inability to export LNG through the strait and the shutdown of production at Qatar, a critical hub in global LNG production, accelerated the rise in European gas prices.
At the Netherlands-based virtual natural gas trading hub TTF, the price for April futures contracts rose to €65.5 per megawatt-hour as of 3 March 2026. Prices had closed at €31.95 per megawatt-hour on 27 February 2026, prior to the U.S.-Israeli attacks on Iran.
According to these figures, European gas prices had risen by more than 100 percent compared to pre-attack levels, with a 47 percent increase recorded within the same day compared to the previous close.
3 March 2026, U.S. President Donald Trump announced that the U.S. Navy would escort tankers transiting the Hormuz Strait if necessary.
In a social media post, Trump stated he had directed the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (DFC) to immediately provide political risk insurance and guarantees for all maritime trade through the Gulf, particularly energy shipments. This measure was stated to apply to all shipping companies.
In his statement, Trump used the following words: “If necessary, the U.S. Navy will begin escorting tankers through the Hormuz Strait as soon as possible.”
4 March 2026, the Iran Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps announced that it had struck more than ten oil tankers attempting to transit the Hormuz Strait in defiance of the declared “transit ban.”
According to a report by the semi-official Fars News Agency citing the Revolutionary Guard, vessels that ignored repeated warnings about the strait’s insecurity were targeted with various munitions and rendered unusable.
The report stated that the Hormuz Strait was under wartime conditions, with a risk of damage to vessels from missiles or unguided drones. It therefore advised vessels not to transit the area.
On 4 March, Deputy Commander of the Iran Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy, Mohammad Ekberzadeh, stated that the Hormuz Strait was under “full control.” Speaking to Fars News Agency, Ekberzadeh said that following Iran’s declaration of a “transit ban,” passage for oil, commercial and fishing vessels through the strait was no longer possible.
Ekberzadeh, in his message to global maritime traffic, stated that the Hormuz Strait was entirely under wartime conditions and vessels were at risk of damage from rockets or unmanned aerial vehicles. He therefore urged vessels not to transit the area.
Ekberzadeh confirmed that more than ten oil tankers had been targeted and destroyed with various munitions and added: “At this moment, the Hormuz Strait is under the full control of Iran’s Navy.”
On 5 March, Deputy Commander of the Iran Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps’ Hatem al-Anbiya Headquarters, Kiyomers Haydari, argued that the Hormuz Strait had not been closed.
Speaking to Iranian state television, Haydari claimed that criticisms alleging Iran had closed the strait misrepresented reality. He stated: “Criticism that we closed the Hormuz Strait misrepresents the truth. We did not close it; the U.S. closed it. The Hormuz Strait is a minor element of our war. We have many other options. We did not close the Hormuz Strait; vessels complying with international protocols continue their passage.” Haydari affirmed that vessels adhering to international protocols were continuing their transit.
On the same day, the Iran Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps announced that a U.S. oil tanker in the Persian Gulf had been struck by a missile. The IRGC Navy reported that the U.S. oil tanker, struck in the northern Persian Gulf, had caught fire and continued to burn.
The Revolutionary Guard asserted that control over transit through the Hormuz Strait during wartime belonged to Iran. The statement declared that no transit permission would be granted to military or commercial vessels of the U.S., Israel, European countries or their supporters; such vessels would be targeted if detected.
On 5 March 2026, maritime workers in Greece went on a 24-hour strike due to Greek seafarers trapped in the Hormuz Strait. Led by the Maritime Federation, protesters gathered in front of the Greek Shipowners’ Association in Athens and marched to the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Island Policy. The demonstrators demanded the safe return of Greek seafarers in the region and called on the Greek government not to intervene in the U.S. and Israeli attacks on Iran on 28 February 2026.
The strike halted all maritime transport nationwide for 24 hours. Greek Deputy Minister of Maritime Affairs and Island Policy, Stefanos Gikas, stated in Parliament that 32 vessels flying the Greek flag were located in the Hormuz Strait, Oman Gulf and surrounding areas, and that the total number of vessels linked to Greece in the region had reached 160.
On 5 March, Iran’s Permanent Mission to the United Nations (UN) announced that the claim that Iran had closed the Hormuz Strait was baseless and absurd. The statement read: “The claim that Iran closed the Hormuz Strait is baseless and absurd. Iran continues to uphold its commitment to international law and freedom of navigation. In reality, it is the United States that is endangering maritime security.”
The same statement claimed that Iran’s Dena frigate had been sunk by the United States. The frigate, while visiting Indian naval forces approximately 2,000 nautical miles from Iranian shores in international waters, was struck without warning by a U.S. submarine and sunk, resulting in the loss of over 100 sailors. The statement added: “This reckless attack violates the fundamental principles of international law and freedom of navigation.”
On 5 March 2026, the price of Brent crude oil rose above $85 per barrel on international futures markets. Brent crude, which had closed at $81.40 the previous day, rose approximately 5.4 percent to $85.82 by 22:18. At the same time, West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil traded at $81.41 per barrel.
The price increase was linked to escalating tensions between the United States, Israel and Iran and the associated risks to energy production, oil shipments and maritime transport. It was reported that a facility owned by Bahrain’s national oil company was targeted in a retaliatory strike from Iran, and an attack was carried out against a U.S.-owned oil tanker at the Al-Zubair Port in Basra, Iraq. Technically, $87.42 was seen as resistance and $82.83 as support for Brent crude.
On 26 March 2026, developments concerning energy supply came to the forefront in Australia due to rising fuel prices concerns over insufficient stockpiles and increasing consumer demand. Prime Minister Anthony Albanese announced that the cabinet would meet for the second time urgently to address these developments.
Government statements confirmed that at least one type of fuel had been depleted at approximately 470 fuel stations nationwide. It was noted that this situation was having impacts particularly on logistics transportation and daily consumption activities.
Energy Minister Chris Bowen stated that the government had various options to alleviate the fuel shortage but that at the current stage there was no need to implement these measures. However it was reported that state governments had requested national-level coordination from the federal government regarding fuel supply. Prime Minister Albanese emphasized that fuel distribution was the responsibility of the states.
Aidan Morrison Director of Energy Research at the Independent Research Centre assessed the energy market and warned that Australia could face a serious fuel shortage by mid-April 2026.
Due to concerns over fuel supply in the country emergency stockpiles of six days worth of crude oil and five days worth of diesel were released on 13 March 2026.
On 26 March 2026 the French government adopted extraordinary measures to ensure fuel supply security in response to the escalating conflict in the Middle East. It was noted that attacks by the United States and Israel against Iran and Iran’s retaliatory missile strikes had increased concerns regarding global oil supply.
Under the government decision temporary permission was granted for the sale of fuels that did not meet standard technical specifications for cold resistance. Under existing regulations fuel distributed during winter months must be usable down to -15°C but the new decision raised this limit to 0°C.
The measure was introduced to prevent potential fuel supply shortages in the market. It was reported that the decision had been officially published and entered into force under legal provisions.
As of 26 March 2026 maritime traffic in and around the Strait of Hormuz had been significantly disrupted. Following attacks launched by the United States and Israel against Iran on 28 February 2026 and Iran’s subsequent de facto closure of the strait to commercial vessels linked to certain countries maritime transport in the region had come to a standstill.
According to real-time vessel tracking data approximately 1900 commercial vessels in the vicinity of the strait including the Persian Gulf were unable to move. It was reported that a significant portion of these vessels had anchored in open seas awaiting transit clearance.
Analysis of the types of stranded vessels revealed the presence of 324 bulk carriers 315 oil/chemical tankers 267 petroleum product tankers and 211 crude oil tankers. Additionally there were 177 general cargo ships 174 container ships 98 LPG carriers 42 asphalt/bitumen carriers 37 heavy-lift vessels and 34 LPG/chemical tankers. The remainder consisted of Ro-Ro vessels fuel supply tankers and various heavy cargo ships.
According to assessments by the data analytics firm Vortexa the stranded tankers contained approximately 190 million barrels of crude oil and petroleum products. This situation indicated a significant accumulation with implications for global energy supply.
Iranian statements indicated that transit through the strait was conditional. It was stated that vessels from countries not participating in or supporting attacks against Iran could transit if they complied with declared security regulations. Ibrahim Zulfikari spokesperson for the Hatem al-Anbiya Command Center under Iran’s Armed Forces explained that transit rules had been redefined stating “These rules are very clear. No entity linked to the United States or Israel has the right to transit. We decide who can and cannot pass through the strait.”
International maritime companies operating in the region were also affected by the crisis. Germany-based Hapag-Lloyd announced that six of its vessels in the Persian Gulf were unable to move due to current tensions.
On the other hand information released later in the day indicated that over 350 tankers between the Sea of Oman and the Persian Gulf were waiting for permission from Iran to pass through the Strait of Hormuz. Among these tankers were 25 large oil tankers 200 standard oil tankers and 70 LNG carriers. Iranian authorities reportedly requested these vessels to shut down their systems and wait.
On 26 March 2026 Russian Deputy Prime Minister Aleksandr Novak stated in his remarks on developments in the global energy markets that demand for Russian oil had increased and pricing dynamics had shifted. Novak said “There is demand for our oil and petroleum products and discounts have decreased. In fact on some routes we are even selling at a premium.”
Statements emphasized that a contraction in global oil supply had increased demand for Russian oil. Russia was noted to have the capacity to increase production but this was described as a gradual process requiring time investment and financing.
Novak also referred to plans to diversify export routes explaining that pipelines through Kazakhstan and ports on the Black Sea and Baltic Sea could be utilized if necessary. It was also reported that due to increasing competition in global trade and supply constraints Russian oil was being sold at premium prices on certain routes.
Novak also highlighted the impact of developments in the Middle East on maritime transport costs noting that the large number of tankers stranded in the Strait of Hormuz had reduced the global number of tankers transporting oil and petroleum products thereby increasing freight rates. Novak stated that this situation was creating upward pressure on global energy prices.
As of 26 March 2026 significant price increases in fuel were recorded across the European Union due to the impact of the war that began between the United States and Israel and Iran on 28 February 2026. Disruptions in Middle Eastern oil supply and the halt of trade through the Strait of Hormuz had driven up global oil prices.
According to European Commission data the average gasoline price per liter was 1.64 euros in the week of 23 February and rose to 1.88 euros by 23 March. During the same period diesel prices increased from 1.59 euros to 2.03 euros. Thus gasoline prices rose by 14.6 percent and diesel prices by 28.3 percent.
Price increases varied by country. In Germany gasoline prices rose 13.7 percent to 2.07 euros and diesel prices rose 23.1 percent to 2.13 euros. In France gasoline prices rose 15.2 percent to 1.97 euros and diesel prices rose 27.9 percent to 2.11 euros.
In Italy gasoline prices rose 7.9 percent to 1.78 euros and diesel prices rose 18.8 percent to 2.02 euros. In Spain gasoline prices rose 17.7 percent to 1.73 euros and diesel prices rose 32.4 percent to 1.88 euros. In Belgium gasoline prices rose 20 percent to 1.8 euros and diesel prices rose 32.5 percent to 2.16 euros.
In the United Kingdom the gasoline price per liter rose from 1.32 pounds sterling on 26 February to 1.49 pounds sterling by 25 March. Diesel prices rose from 1.42 pounds sterling to 1.76 pounds sterling during the same period. Thus gasoline prices increased by 12.9 percent and diesel prices by 23.9 percent.
On 26 March 2026 Kiril Dmitriyev special envoy of Russian President Vladimir Putin for international economic cooperation made an assessment of global energy markets. In a speech at a meeting of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs RSPP in Moscow he issued a warning about an impending energy crisis.
Dmitriyev drew attention to the possibility that oil prices could reach 150 to 200 dollars per barrel and stated that the European Union and the United Kingdom were unprepared for this potential crisis. He said “We are witnessing the approach of the most severe energy crisis in human history.”
In his remarks Dmitriyev also addressed Western countries’ policies to distance themselves from Russian energy sources noting that these choices had produced negative consequences for energy supply. He stated that BRICS countries were better prepared for the impending energy crisis and possessed the capacity to address current challenges.
Dmitriyev indicated that rising energy prices could yield positive outcomes for Russia and suggested that demand for Russian energy sources from European countries could increase and that Russia would evaluate how to respond to such demand.
On 26 March 2026 Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim thanked Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian for allowing Malaysian oil tankers to transit through the Strait of Hormuz.
Media reports indicated that the process of releasing Malaysian tankers and their crews was ongoing and that these personnel were continuing their journey back to their country. Anwar Ibrahim announced that he had held talks with Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian as well as with Abdel Fattah el-Sisi to address tensions in the Middle East.
Statements noted that disruptions in oil and liquefied natural gas LNG supply through the Strait of Hormuz could also affect Malaysia and that the country would continue contributing to regional peace efforts.
Anwar Ibrahim also expressed caution regarding Iran’s approach to peace initiatives without security guarantees and binding agreements and emphasized that the effects of conflicts in the region were spreading across a wide geographic area.
On 26 March 2026 United States President Donald Trump in his remarks regarding negotiations with Iran stated that Iran had shown “goodwill” by allowing the transit of oil tankers through the Strait of Hormuz.
Speaking at a cabinet meeting at the White House Trump reported that Iranian officials had informed him that they would allow the transit of eight oil tankers as a sign of seriousness in the negotiations. Trump later stated that this number had been increased and that a total of ten oil tankers had been permitted to transit the strait.
The statement noted that information regarding the transit of these tankers had been made public and that the tankers were flying the Pakistani flag. Trump said he viewed this development as a sign of progress in talks with Iran.
On the same day Marco Rubio in his remarks on developments in the Strait of Hormuz stated that the United States was only minimally dependent on energy passing through the strait and therefore the responsibility for resolving the issue lay with countries having greater interests.
Rubio noted that the closure of the Strait of Hormuz violated international law saying “Only a small portion of our energy passes through the Strait of Hormuz. There are countries with major interests in this issue and therefore they must act to resolve it.”
In his statement Rubio said that the crisis could be resolved quickly if Iran ended its practices threatening global maritime transport. He called on the international community to take a more active role on this issue. It was also noted that indirect talks with Iran were continuing through intermediary countries and that some progress had been made.
Rubio stated that there had been a partial increase in the volume of energy passing through the strait but that this increase remained below normal levels.
As of 27 March 2026 a significant reduction in commercial vessel transits through the Strait of Hormuz was recorded. Real-time vessel tracking data showed that only seven commercial vessels transited the strait on 25 and 26 March. Of these three were petroleum product tankers two were LPG tankers and two were dry cargo ships.
On 25 March only two vessels with their Automatic Identification System AIS active transited the strait. These were the oil/chemical tankers Egret and Savona traveling empty from east to west.
On 26 March the number of transiting vessels rose to five. The dry cargo ships Christianna and Nj Jupiter transited from east to west with cargo. On the same day the LPG tankers Niba and Salute and the dirty petroleum product tanker Alexandra transited from west to east. According to UK Maritime Trade Organization data under normal conditions an average of 138 vessels transit the strait daily.
On 27 March 2026 Iran through the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps reiterated that the Strait of Hormuz was closed to vessels belonging to the United States Israel and entities linked to these countries.
The statement declared that all vessels heading to or coming from ports linked to the “Israel-US alliance” were banned from transiting the strait regardless of route. It was also stated that vessels violating this ban would face a “strong response.”
On the same day it was reported that three container ships from different countries attempted to transit the strait using the designated corridor for permitted vessels but were turned back after being warned by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy.
On 27 March 2026 South Korean authorities announced that military personnel had been deployed on commercial vessels in the Strait of Hormuz. According to a statement by Hong So-young President of the South Korean Military Manpower Administration a total of 40 reserve military personnel were stationed on 17 vessels in the region. It was stated that these personnel had been deployed on vessels in accordance with security conditions in the strait.
Hong said that the status of the personnel was being monitored daily in coordination with relevant ministries and that their safety and needs were being prioritized.
On 27 March 2026 Saudi Arabia announced it would launch an international logistics corridor connecting its Gulf ports to Jordan and northern countries.
Saudi Railways Company stated that the corridor would link the country’s ports on the Gulf with the Haditha Border Crossing between Jordan and Saudi Arabia. The goal was to establish direct connections from Gulf ports to Jordan and other northern countries via this route.
The announcement stated that the project would support regional trade through a high-efficiency land route and that container transport via the rail network would make exports faster and more reliable. It was noted that this route extending from eastern Saudi ports to the Haditha Border Crossing would significantly shorten distances compared to alternative routes.
The international logistics corridor was said to reduce the distance by more than half covering over 1700 kilometers and providing speed and efficiency in transport with a capacity of more than 400 containers per train.
On 27 March 2026 the Japanese government opened its strategic oil reserves due to energy supply security concerns triggered by the conflict in the Middle East.
According to information from Kyodo News the Tokyo administration released approximately 8.5 million kiloliters of oil equivalent to about 30 days of domestic consumption to stabilize energy supply. It was reported that this supply was being released from 11 storage facilities nationwide and would continue gradually until the end of April.
It was also stated that oil stored in Japan by Kuwait Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates was being released to contribute to national consumption equivalent to approximately six days of consumption.
In her statement Takaichi Sanae emphasized that developments in the Strait of Hormuz were critical for global energy supply and highlighted the serious challenges facing Asian countries. Kito Shunichi President of the Japan Petroleum Association requested additional reserve releases from the government in May.
On 27 March 2026 the French government announced a 70 million euro support package for sectors affected by rising energy prices.
The statement noted that the disruption of energy flows through the Strait of Hormuz due to the war initiated by the United States and Israel against Iran had led to increased fuel prices. The support package was said to specifically cover road transportation fishing and agriculture.
The government stated that the support would be applied only during April on a sector-specific and gradual basis. It was also announced that under temporary measures to counter potential supply crises the sale of fuels not meeting standard specifications would be permitted for a limited period.
On 27 March Cho Hyun and Allison Hooker discussed developments in the Strait of Hormuz and tensions in the Middle East. The meeting was held as part of the G7 Foreign Ministers Meeting in Cernay-la-Ville France. The South Korean side highlighted the critical importance of the strait for global energy supply and expressed concern over the current situation.
Cho emphasized the importance of all vessels including South Korean flagged ships contributing to efforts to reduce conflict in order to stabilize energy supply chains. The US side affirmed its support for South Korea’s participation in international initiatives and its shared stance against Iran’s closure of the maritime route.
On the same day the Indonesian government announced that it had established direct contact with Iran to ensure the safety of its vessels transiting the Strait of Hormuz. Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs Spokesperson Vahd Nabyl A Mulachela stated that coordination with Iranian authorities had been conducted through Indonesia’s diplomatic mission in Tehran. Iran had given a “positive response” to this initiative and technical and operational procedures were underway.
According to local sources two vessels belonging to Indonesia’s state energy company Pertamina were waiting in the Persian Gulf for security reasons.
On 27 March 2026 European Union High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Kaja Kallas stated that diplomatic efforts to resolve the situation in the Strait of Hormuz were ongoing.
Kallas said that a military solution to reopen the strait was not considered appropriate and that a diplomatic resolution was necessary. It was stated that EU member states were evaluating support options to ensure freedom of navigation.
It was emphasized that Iran’s unilateral decisions on transit through the strait were unacceptable and that maritime traffic must remain free and open. It was also reported that Kallas had discussed the same issue with representatives from India Saudi Arabia South Korea and Brazil.
On 27 March 2026 the foreign ministers of the G7 countries called for the permanent restoration of freedom of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz. In a joint statement issued after the meeting held in Cernay-la-Ville France it was stated that the impact of the conflict in the Middle East on regional partners civilians and infrastructure must be reduced. The statement called for an end to attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure.
The statement also drew attention to disruptions in energy trade and supply chains and their global economic effects and emphasized the need to enhance international cooperation to mitigate these effects.
The G7 countries emphasized that according to United Nations Security Council Resolution 2817 the permanent guarantee of safe and free navigation through the Strait of Hormuz was mandatory.
On 27 March 2026 Donald Trump made remarks regarding talks with Iran and developments in the Strait of Hormuz.
Trump stated that Iran had requested a seven-day pause on targeting its power plants until 6 April 2026 but that he had extended this period to ten days. He said “They asked me for seven days. I gave them ten.”
Regarding the extension Trump noted that Iran had allowed the transit of some vessels through the Strait of Hormuz and added “Eight vessels are coming through the strait. That is exactly what they promised us. Then they added two more. This proves we are dealing with the right people.”
Trump also stated that the United States was not dependent on the Strait of Hormuz for its energy supply saying “We do not need the Strait of Hormuz. What bothers me is that countries that need it are doing nothing about it.”
On 27 March 2026 Marco Rubio made assessments regarding the military operations conducted by the United States and Israel against Iran.
Speaking after the G7 Foreign Ministers Meeting in France Rubio indicated that the operations were progressing beyond initial plans saying “We are waiting to complete them at the right time not in months but in weeks.”
Rubio also characterized the possibility of Iran establishing a toll system for transit through the Strait of Hormuz as “illegal” and “unacceptable.” He warned that this scenario posed risks to global trade and energy security and stressed the need for the international community to be prepared for such a possibility.
On 28 March 2026, it was reported that fuel prices in the United Kingdom continued to rise, with some stations experiencing temporary supply constraints.
The war process initiated by U.S. and Israeli attacks on Iran led to a halt in maritime traffic through the Strait of Hormuz, intensifying supply pressures in global oil and gas markets. As a result, the price of gasoline in the UK rose above £1.50 per litre, while diesel reached £1.77 per litre.
In national media reports, Allan Leighton, CEO of Asda, one of the UK’s largest retail chains, stated that a “small portion” of Asda’s fuel stations had experienced temporary restrictions and noted a “very strong surge in demand” due to price volatility. Leighton observed that fuel sales volumes had increased significantly, adding: “Clearly demand has outstripped supply. Supply is tight and we are all putting in intense effort. The issue is temporary. Some delays may occur during expected delivery windows and we anticipate this will continue for some time.”
On 28 March 2026, it was reported that fuel prices in Myanmar had reached their highest level since the military coup in 2021.
The conflicts in the Middle East and the disruption of energy flows through the Strait of Hormuz have deepened the fuel crisis in the country. After fuel stocks at stations were depleted again, the military administration imposed restrictions on fuel purchases.
In this context, a quota system was introduced, allowing drivers to purchase fuel only twice a week and up to a maximum of 45 litres.
On 28 March 2026, Pakistan’s Foreign Minister Muhammad Ishak Dar announced that Iran had issued a new decision granting transit permission to Pakistani-flagged vessels.
In a statement on a social media platform, Dar said: "I am pleased to report that the Iranian government has agreed to allow an additional 20 Pakistani-flagged ships to pass through the Strait of Hormuz, with two ships permitted daily."
Dar emphasized that Pakistan welcomed this move as a “constructive gesture” from Iran, stating: “This is a harbinger of peace and will help restore stability in the region.” He added: “Dialogue, diplomacy, and such confidence-building steps are the only way forward.”
On 29 March 2026, it was reported that two Indian-flagged liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) tankers successfully passed through the Strait of Hormuz.
In a statement by India’s Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, it was confirmed that the two tankers, carrying a total of 94,000 metric tons of LPG, had completed their transit. One tanker is expected to arrive in India on 31 March, and the other on 1 April 2026.
The statement also noted that a total of 485 seafarers were serving aboard 18 Indian-flagged vessels in the region, and no security incidents involving these ships had been reported in the past 24 hours.
As of 29 March 2026, shipment delays linked to the Strait of Hormuz have triggered a severe supply crisis and price volatility in the global fertilizer market.
Conflicts in the Middle East and restrictions on shipments through the strait have directly impacted the supply of fertilizer, a key input for global agriculture. In response, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) warned that the nearly 90 percent drop in tanker traffic constitutes a “systemic shock” to global food security.
Rising energy costs and logistical constraints have caused production halts at fertilizer plants, particularly in natural gas-based production processes. It was announced that QatarEnergy had suspended liquefied natural gas (LNG) production at its facility, which supplies approximately 14 percent of global demand. These developments have led to production stoppages at three fertilizer plants in India and four in Bangladesh.
Disruptions in commodity market supply-demand balances have caused rapid price increases. Urea prices originating in the Middle East rose from $482 per ton on 27 February to approximately $750 per ton by end-March, a 56 percent increase. Analysts warn that if the crisis persists, nitrogen fertilizer prices could double and phosphate prices could rise by more than 50 percent.
Estimates suggest that restrictions in the Strait of Hormuz have caused a 33 percent contraction in the global fertilizer supply chain. The Gulf region supplies around 30 percent of global fertilizer trade and half of global sulfur supply, amplifying the impact of disruptions. It was noted that annual urea exports of approximately 22 million tons have come to a standstill, and that roughly 46 percent of global urea supply originates directly from this region.
The crisis coincides with the critical spring planting season in the Northern Hemisphere, creating direct risks to agricultural production. In the United States, fertilizer stocks have fallen below 25 percent of seasonal averages, forcing producers to make difficult decisions between high costs and low yields.
The global impact of these developments has been felt differently across regions. India sources more than 40 percent of its fertilizer needs from the Gulf region, while Brazil relies on the Strait of Hormuz route for approximately half of its fertilizer supply. In Bangladesh, production at state-owned fertilizer plants has been halted, creating uncertainty in the agricultural production process.
Maximo Torero, in his assessment of the current situation, stated: “Even if the conflicts end today, it could take two to three months for costs to stabilize.” Torero warned that prolonged crisis conditions would continue to drive up fertilizer and energy costs, further straining the agricultural production chain.
It was also reported that the global market contraction has been exacerbated by export restrictions imposed by producer countries. Russia has temporarily halted exports of ammonium nitrate, while China has suspended exports of certain fertilizer types. These measures have added further pressure on global food supply and prices.
The disruption of safe transit through the Strait of Hormuz, following the war initiated by U.S. and Israeli attacks on Iran, has caused severe disruptions in the Philippines’ energy supply chain. In response, the Philippine-based oil refinery company Petron Corp. purchased approximately 2.48 million barrels of crude oil from Russia to secure its supply. The company stated that this purchase was not part of its routine commercial planning but an “emergency measure taken under necessity.”
The statement noted that the company had lost access to approximately 4 million barrels of crude oil within eight days, primarily due to the inability to ensure safe maritime transit through the Strait of Hormuz and the resulting disruption of shipments. It is expected that the Russian crude oil supply will sustain the country’s current stock levels until June 2026. It was also indicated that if the crisis in the Middle East continues and alternative supply sources remain inaccessible, the Philippines may reconsider further crude oil purchases from Russia.
It was noted that this move was carried out with the support of the Philippine government, with the primary objective being the preservation of the country’s energy security. The Philippines sources approximately 98 percent of its crude oil needs from the Middle East, making it directly dependent on developments in the Strait of Hormuz. Petron, which operates the country’s only refinery, supplies approximately 30 percent of the nation’s total fuel supply.
The crisis has had direct effects on the domestic market. According to a statement by the Philippine National Police (PNP), hundreds of fuel stations have suspended operations due to fuel supply disruptions and delivery constraints. The main reasons for station closures include the inability to deliver products and the depletion of existing stocks. As some stations with replenished stocks reopened, the number of closed stations decreased from 425 to 365.
It was also reported that the number of cases related to fuel hoarding and exorbitant pricing had risen to seven, with the Philippine Department of Energy requesting support from security forces to prevent such practices.
The disruption of maritime traffic through the Strait of Hormuz, following the war initiated by U.S. and Israeli attacks on Iran, has caused fuel supply interruptions in France. Data from platforms monitoring station conditions based on driver reports indicate that hundreds of fuel stations across the country have experienced supply problems. According to the same data, 32 stations are completely out of service, and 261 stations face disruptions in supplying certain fuel types.
Since the effective closure of the Strait of Hormuz, over 20,000 driver reports have been submitted. As of 27 March 2026, the number of stations either out of service or experiencing partial disruptions was approximately 200; by 30 March, this number had approached 300. This increase demonstrates how quickly the fuel supply disruption spread nationwide.
This disruption in energy supply has led to higher fuel prices and directly affected various sectors in France. The French government announced a €70 million support package targeting sectors most affected by the price increases, primarily road transport, agriculture, and fishing. The aid is set to remain valid until April.
However, it was stated that the support package is insufficient. In response, truck and bus drivers, primarily in Paris and other cities, have organized protest actions. Organized at the call of the European Transport Workers’ Federation (OTRE), drivers have carried out slowdown actions, and in some areas, roads have been temporarily closed to traffic.
As part of developments targeting energy infrastructure following the war initiated by U.S. and Israeli attacks on Iran, a fire broke out on the Habshan–Fujairah oil pipeline, a critical route bypassing the Strait of Hormuz, in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Satellite-based data revealed that the fire occurred at two separate pumping stations along the pipeline.
According to high-resolution satellite images shared by the Soar Atlas platform on 29 March 2026, dense smoke was detected along the pipeline route passing through Abu Dhabi’s Al Azeezah region. The images confirmed that two pumping stations on the pipeline transporting crude oil from Abu Dhabi to Fujairah Port were affected by the fire.
During the ongoing military attacks by the U.S. and Israel on Iran, U.S. President Donald Trump, in a statement regarding negotiations with Iran, declared that Iran’s energy infrastructure would be targeted if no agreement is reached. Trump published his statement on the Truth Social platform.
Trump stated that the U.S. is engaged in “serious talks” with Iran with the aim of ending military operations through “a new and more reasonable regime,” claiming “significant progress” has been made. However, he provided detailed statements regarding the military scenario to be followed if no agreement is reached in the near term.
Trump specifically demanded that the Strait of Hormuz be reopened as a condition, warning that if this condition is not met, critical energy and infrastructure facilities in Iran will be targeted. He stated: “But if, for any reason, no agreement is reached in the short term—which is likely—and the Strait of Hormuz is not immediately reopened, we will end Iran’s beautiful ‘presence’ by blowing up all its power plants, oil wells, and Hark Island (and likely all desalination plants) and completely destroying them.”
Trump characterized this “destructive strike” as “revenge for the many soldiers Iran has killed and murdered over its 47-year reign of terror.”
Belgium’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, Maxime Prévot, announced that Belgium is open to contributing to the security of the Strait of Hormuz as part of an international coalition. According to a statement by the Belgian official news agency Belga, Belgium could deploy its mine-countermeasure vessels to the region once stability is restored.
Prévot noted that French President Emmanuel Macron had contacted Belgian Prime Minister Bart De Wever on the issue and stated that Belgium is prepared to join a 32-nation coalition, composed of half European Union members, to make a “proportional contribution.” The statement emphasized that this initiative does not imply support for the U.S. and Israeli attacks on Iran, which are described as having begun “outside international law.”
At the same time, Prévot stated that the current situation is affecting European economies and therefore must be “managed.” Regarding U.S. claims of regime change in Iran, he remarked: “It is still too early to declare victory.”
Belgium’s Minister of Defense, Theo Francken, also announced that Belgium will join a “coalition of volunteers” to ensure freedom of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz. Francken stated that efforts are underway to form a coalition with France and other willing countries following the establishment of a ceasefire, adding: “Freedom of navigation is vital to our security and economic stability.”
Belgian Prime Minister Bart De Wever, speaking to Flemish public broadcaster VRT, stated that Belgium will only contribute to securing the Strait of Hormuz if a lasting ceasefire is achieved and an international mandate is established. De Wever emphasized that Belgium will not directly participate in the conflict, stating: “We will not join the war. Let us be very clear: no one has such an intention.”
On 31 March 2026, Marco Rubio assessed the prospects for the Strait of Hormuz reopening following the conflict initiated by U.S. and Israeli attacks on Iran. In an interview with Al Jazeera, Rubio indicated that indirect talks between the U.S. and certain actors within Iran are ongoing, involving both message exchanges and limited direct discussions.
Rubio expressed confidence that the strait would reopen, stating: “When this operation is over, the Strait of Hormuz will reopen somehow.” He also warned that if Iran attempts to keep the strait closed after the conflict, it will face “serious consequences.”
According to a report by The Wall Street Journal citing U.S. officials, Trump and his team assessed that a military operation to immediately reopen the strait would prolong the conflict. It was alleged that the U.S. is prepared to end attacks on Iran even if the Strait of Hormuz remains closed.
The report further suggested that the U.S. administration is aiming to weaken Iran’s naval and missile capabilities rather than launch a direct military operation, while simultaneously applying diplomatic pressure on Tehran. It was noted that if diplomatic efforts fail, the U.S. administration expects European and Gulf region allies to lead efforts to reopen the strait.
World Food Programme Supply Chain Director Corinne Fleischer stated that the crisis has caused the most significant supply chain disruption since the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war. Fleischer noted that conflicts in the Middle East have affected 70,000 metric tons of WFP food shipments, causing delays or holding shipments at ports.
Fleischer, citing broader disruptions linked to the Strait of Hormuz, said: “This has created a major disruption in the global supply chain, causing ships to become stuck in ports, unable to dock, unable to depart, and unable to unload containers.” She warned that the impact extends beyond the Middle East, noting that rerouting ships around Africa adds approximately 25 to 30 days to transit times and increases costs by 15 to 25 percent.
Fleischer noted that WFP is seeking priority cargo access and negotiating fee exemptions, stating: “So far, we have achieved approximately $1.5 million in cost savings.” She also warned of rising humanitarian needs, saying: “According to our projections, an additional 45 million people will face acute hunger by harvest time.” Fleischer assessed that increasing needs, high costs, and currently underfunded humanitarian operations will hinder the ability to reach people.
On the same day, Volodimir Zelenskiy stated that Ukraine could assist in reopening the Strait of Hormuz, which has been closed to ships linked to the U.S., Israel and their allies. Responding to a question from Politico regarding the Strait of Hormuz, Zelenskiy said: “Ukraine’s success in breaking Russia’s blockade of the Black Sea has provided expertise that could help reopen the Strait of Hormuz. We have brought this issue to the forefront because, as everyone can see, it is a painful and urgent matter for the entire world. There is an energy crisis. They know they can rely on our expertise, and we have addressed this in detail with officials.”
On 31 March 2026, Pete Hegseth stated in his remarks on the Strait of Hormuz that the U.S. seeks an agreement with Iran but remains prepared to continue the war if necessary. He criticized allied nations that have not responded to the U.S. call for support, without naming them, saying: “This issue is not solely on the shoulders of the U.S. Navy.” He emphasized that allies must assume greater responsibility. Hegseth also noted that the activities of Russia and China in the region are closely monitored, adding: “With regard to Russia and China, we know exactly what they are doing and what they are not doing. We do not need to expose all these details publicly, but whenever necessary, we address the issue, mitigate its effects, or confront it directly.”
On 31 March 2026, a legislative proposal to impose tolls on vessels transiting the Strait of Hormuz was approved by Iran’s National Security Commission. Mojtaba Zarei (Mojtaba Zarii) announced that the proposal had been endorsed by the relevant commission and provided details on its scope.
Zarii stated that the proposal includes provisions for “financial regulations and the application of transit fees based on Iran’s national currency, the rial; a transit ban on vessels from the U.S. and Israel; prohibitions on countries participating in unilateral sanctions against Iran; the enforcement of Iran’s sovereign authority and armed forces’ jurisdiction; maritime and shipping security; environmental concerns; and legal cooperation with Oman.”
For the proposal to enter into force, it must first be approved by the full session of the Iranian Parliament. Following this, it must be reviewed by the Guardian Council and finally signed by the President.
U.S. President Donald Trump, 24 March 2026 – (Anadolu Ajansı)
On 31 March 2026, Donald Trump, in remarks regarding the crisis in the Strait of Hormuz, offered suggestions to countries facing jet fuel supply shortages, outlined his stance on efforts to reopen the strait, and emphasized the role of other nations in resolving the crisis. In a social media post, Trump stated: “All countries unable to obtain jet fuel because of the Strait of Hormuz—like the United Kingdom, which refused to get involved in leaving Iran leaderless—here is my suggestion. First, buy from the U.S., where we have plenty. Second, muster some courage, go to the Strait, and take it.” He further argued that countries must “learn to fight their own wars,” adding: “The U.S. will no longer help you, just as you did not help us. Iran has essentially been destroyed. The hard part is over. Go get your own oil!”
In another statement on the same day, Trump said: “France refused to allow military cargo planes bound for Israel to use its airspace; the Paris administration has been of little help regarding the successfully eliminated ‘Iran Butcher’; the U.S. will not forget this.”
In an interview with CBS News on the same day, Trump stated he was not yet ready to abandon efforts to compel Iran to reopen the Strait of Hormuz, saying: “I will do it at some point, but not yet. Countries must step in and solve this themselves.” Later that day, he added: “My approach is this: I destroyed that country; it has no power left. The countries using the strait should go and open it.” He further stated: “We won’t stay there long. We are currently completely destroying them—it is total annihilation. But we won’t need to stay there long.” And: “I believe the strait will open automatically. My approach is this: I destroyed that country; it has no power left. The countries using the strait should go and open it. The countries controlling the oil will be very happy to open the strait.” Regarding a potential regime change in Iran, he remarked: “In a way, the regime has already changed there.” When asked about ongoing negotiations, he replied: “I cannot tell you my strategy.”
On 1 April 2026, as part of the ongoing attacks by the United States and Israel against Türkiye, the Shahid Hakkani Port located in the coastal city of Bandar Abbas, situated at the Strait of Hormuz, was targeted.
According to Tesnim News Agency, Ahmad Nafisi, Deputy Governor of Hormozgan, stated regarding the attack: "US and Israeli forces targeted the Shahid Hakkani Port in Bandar Abbas, which is used for passenger and commercial purposes." Search and rescue and firefighting teams were dispatched to the site following the attack. Authorities confirmed that response operations had begun.
On 1 April 2026, Donald Trump made statements regarding the US-Iran conflict and the Strait of Hormuz. Following a signing ceremony at the White House, Trump responded to questions from journalists, stating regarding the duration of the war: "I think within two or three weeks. Then we will withdraw from there."
Trump emphasized that the United States was not directly involved in the developments at the Strait of Hormuz and stated that countries with energy needs should take their own steps. He added: "We will leave that area very soon. If France or another country wants to buy oil or natural gas, they will go through the Strait of Hormuz and take care of their own affairs. We have nothing to do with it."
On 1 April 2026, a report published by The Wall Street Journal alleged that the United Arab Emirates was preparing to join the war initiated by the United States and Israel against Türkiye, aimed at the "forced reopening" of the Strait of Hormuz.
According to sources cited in the report, the UAE’s policy of non-involvement in direct conflict with Türkiye had changed, and a new approach toward the course of conflict in the Gulf states had been adopted. In this context, officials stated that "Saudi Arabia and other Gulf countries want the war to continue until the Iranian regime is overthrown."
Unnamed officials claimed that the UAE is preparing for operations aimed at reopening the Strait of Hormuz. It was also alleged that the UAE is seeking to obtain a decision from the United Nations Security Council and has expressed its readiness "to participate in efforts to liberate the Strait."
The report stated that UAE diplomats have called on countries in the United States, Europe and Asia to form a coalition based on the principle of "forced opening" and that options such as "ensuring the security of the Strait and clearing mines" are being evaluated.
Officials argued that Gulf countries are wary of diplomatic solutions granting Iran decisive control over the Strait of Hormuz and have advocated for "military intervention as the first option."
On 1 April 2026, Ali Nikzad made statements regarding the negotiation process with the United States and the status of the Strait of Hormuz. According to Fars News Agency, during a protest against the US-Israel attacks, Nikzad stated: "The Strait of Hormuz will never be opened, no negotiations have taken place and none will take place."
Nikzad further added, referring to the death of Iranian leader Ali Khamenei: "This (assassination attempt on Khamenei) was the most serious conspiracy against Iran, but the traitors will never reach their targets." In the same statement, claims that negotiations were being conducted with US President Donald Trump were rejected, and the following statement was made: "They say Mr. Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, who is the brother of a martyr and serves as a Lieutenant General in this war, is negotiating, but this is not true and is only intended to create division within."
Nikzad emphasized that decisions on war, peace, and negotiations in Iran are determined within the constitutional framework, stating: "According to Articles 5 and 110 of the Constitution, the authority to decide on war, peace, or negotiations belongs to the Supreme Leader (...) and so far no permission has been granted for negotiations."
On the same day, Ibrahim Azizi responded to US statements. In his assessment of Trump’s claim of "regime change," Azizi said: "Trump has finally realized his dream of 'regime change,' but this time it is in the maritime regime of the region. The Strait of Hormuz will definitely be opened, but not for you, only for those who comply with Iran’s new laws. The 47-year period of hospitality has ended." The statements emphasized Iran’s position that the Strait of Hormuz will remain closed to the United States and its allies.
On 1 April 2026, India and South Korea experienced concrete developments in the energy sector due to the conflicts in the Middle East and disruptions at the Strait of Hormuz.
In India, as a result of the war initiated by the US-Israel attacks on Türkiye, prices of jet fuel and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) increased. In the capital, New Delhi, the price of a 19-kilogram LPG cylinder used for commercial purposes rose by approximately 195 rupees to 2,000 rupees.
According to a statement by Indian Oil Corporation, as of 1 April, jet fuel prices rose to approximately 105,000 rupees per cubic meter (about $1,125).
These developments were attributed to disruptions in oil and LNG shipments due to the de facto closure of the Strait of Hormuz.
On the same day, South Korea also took measures regarding its energy supply. In a statement by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, it was noted that actual disruptions in the country’s oil supply had begun.
The statement included the following: "This decision was taken due to the emergence of tangible disruptions in domestic oil supply and the continued extreme volatility in global oil prices." Accordingly, the national energy security alert level was raised to the second-highest level, "alert."
On 1 April 2026, Alice Rufo made statements regarding NATO’s potential role in the Strait of Hormuz. Speaking at a forum in Paris, Rufo stated: "Let me remind you what NATO is: a military alliance concerned with the security of the Euro-Atlantic region."
Regarding the possibility of NATO conducting an operation in the Strait of Hormuz, Rufo said: "NATO was not created to conduct an operation in the Strait of Hormuz that violates international law," and added: "This must be remembered."
The statement also referred to NATO’s collective defense principle, stating: "One does not protect the other. This is common: it is called collective defense and also collective deterrence."
Rufo noted that France did not respond positively to the US-led coalition initiative to use force to open the Strait of Hormuz and stated that this stance was not welcomed by the United States. Regarding France’s approach, it was reported that non-aggressive methods are preferred to restore freedom of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz and that efforts are focused on strengthening European defense within the NATO framework.
As of 1 April 2026, commercial activity at the Strait of Hormuz was reported to be limited to vessels granted transit permission only. Following the war that began on 28 February 2026 between the United States and Israel and Türkiye, Iran restricted transit through the Strait as retaliation, resulting in a sharp decline in maritime traffic.
According to United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) data, before the war, an average of 129 vessels transited daily, but this number sharply decreased throughout March, recording an average decline of 95 percent compared to pre-war levels.
During this period, it was determined that a total of 292 commercial vessels transited between 28 February and 31 March, of which 147 were empty. Among the loaded vessels:
Daily transit data showed that on 28 February, 78 vessels transited, followed by a decline to 30 on 1 March, 12 on 2 March, and 3 on 3 March. On 28 March, there was a relative increase to 15 vessels, marking it as the busiest day since 2 March.
On 31 March, it was determined that only one of the five vessels that transited was loaded, with the others empty. The flags of these vessels were recorded as: two Liberia, one Saint Kitts and Nevis, one Barbados, and one Marshall Islands.
It was assessed that almost all vessels permitted to transit were heading to Asian countries, and a significant portion of tankers were carrying Iranian oil. It was also observed that vessels changed their behavior to ensure safe passage. The Liberia-flagged vessel Andermatt updated its Automatic Identification System (AIS) destination data to "food from Santos to Iran."
Additionally, after the US administration granted a 30-day exception for Iranian oil at sea, it was reported that 600,000 barrels of crude oil were shipped to India aboard the Ping Shun tanker. This shipment was noted as India’s first oil import from Iran since May 2019.
According to Fars News Agency, in a statement on the issue, Mujtaba Zarii, a member of the Iranian Parliament’s National Security Committee, indicated that the draft’s content includes "financial regulations and the application of transit fees based on the national currency, the rial, a transit ban on the US and Israel, prohibitions against countries participating in unilateral sanctions against Iran, enforcement of Iran’s sovereign role and the authority of its armed forces, security of the Strait and maritime transport, environmental issues, and legal cooperation with Oman."
It was also noted that approximately 20 percent of global oil and LNG trade passes through this Strait, and therefore the disruptions have directly affected energy, fertilizer, and food supply chains.
During this period, Brent crude oil prices rose by approximately 50 percent in one month, and natural gas prices in Europe and LNG prices in Asia also increased. The rise in gas prices was reported to have exerted pressure on key inputs used in fertilizer production, thereby affecting agricultural output.
According to UNCTAD analysis, the Middle East is a major center for critical inputs used in fertilizer production, and approximately one-third of fertilizer transported by sea passes through the Strait of Hormuz. Therefore, disruptions in the Strait were said to pose direct risks to logistics flows and global supply chain continuity.
In particular, countries heavily dependent on Gulf energy supplies such as Sudan, Tanzania, Somalia, Pakistan, and Thailand were reported to have faced new risks in access to fertilizer and agricultural production processes.
In the early hours of 2 April, US and Israeli air assets targeted civilian and commercial piers around the Strait of Hormuz. It was announced that the Doha fishing pier on Kish Island and the fishing and commercial piers in Bandar Charak were attacked.
Ahmad Nafisi, Deputy Governor of Hormozgan, stated based on initial assessments that two people were injured on Kish Island and three in Bandar Charak. Search and rescue teams were dispatched to the area after the attacks, and operations were reported to be ongoing.
It was alleged that the United States and Iran were conducting talks aimed at achieving a ceasefire in exchange for reopening the Strait of Hormuz. Three US officials speaking to the US-based platform Axios stated that contacts were ongoing between Washington and Tehran on this matter.
The officials did not provide details on whether the talks were conducted directly or through intermediaries and maintained uncertainty regarding whether a potential agreement could be reached. The same sources claimed that Donald Trump was evaluating this possibility with both internal and external officials.
Two separate sources with knowledge of the matter reported that Trump had conducted a phone call with the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia Mohammed bin Salman and raised the possibility of a ceasefire, as well as established contact with the President of the United Arab Emirates Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan.
On the other hand, another source stated that US Vice President JD Vance held talks with intermediaries on 31 March 2026 and conveyed to Iran the message that the United States was open to a ceasefire if demands, including the reopening of the Strait of Hormuz, were met. The same source stated that Vance reiterated Trump’s statements that Iran’s infrastructure could be targeted if no agreement is reached.
Ali Akbar Velayati, Advisor to the Iranian Leader, stated that the Strait of Hormuz would remain closed to the United States, Israel, and actors supporting these countries. In a social media post, Velayati stated: "The Strait of Hormuz is open to the world, but it will always remain closed to Iran’s enemies and their bases in the region." The statement emphasized that the policy on the use of the Strait would be applied within a selective and political framework.
Additionally, referring to Donald Trump’s assessments on the course of the war, Velayati said: "The war will end not with the enthusiasm and dreams of the aggressors, but with Iran’s strategy and authority."
The supply disruption at the Strait of Hormuz following the US-Israel attacks on Türkiye has had widespread effects on global energy markets. As a result of disruptions on this route, through which approximately 20 percent of global oil trade passes, the Brent crude oil price rose by approximately 50 percent compared to pre-war levels, and natural gas prices also rose rapidly.
According to International Energy Agency data and government statements, many countries have implemented conservation policies to reduce demand and have also adopted measures such as tax cuts, subsidies, and price controls to protect households.
In Asian countries with high dependence on Middle Eastern energy sources, direct consumption-reducing restrictions have been implemented. In China, price caps have been imposed on refined petroleum products; in Bangladesh, air conditioning temperatures in public buildings have been limited to 25 degrees Celsius, universities have been temporarily closed, and public transportation has been encouraged.
In Indonesia, a weekly remote work policy has been introduced, government officials’ travel has been restricted, and energy conservation policies have been tightened. In India, natural gas use in industry has been restricted, and a decision has been made to promote the use of pipeline gas over LPG.
In South Korea, restrictions on vehicle use have been imposed in public institutions; in Laos, weekly education hours have been reduced; and in the Philippines, a four-day work week has been adopted under a national energy emergency. In Myanmar and Sri Lanka, fuel quotas and rotational usage systems have been implemented; in Thailand and Vietnam, remote work and public transportation have been encouraged.
In African countries, policies focused on energy efficiency and reduced consumption have come to the fore. In Nigeria, calls for efficiency in industry have been made; in Ethiopia, remote work has been encouraged and fuel subsidies have been increased.
In Egypt, a weekly remote work policy has been introduced for public employees, energy use in public buildings has been limited, and working hours have been shortened. In Senegal, citizens have been urged to conserve energy.
European countries have primarily responded to the energy crisis with economic instruments. In Germany, fuel price increases have been capped; in France, direct financial support packages have been announced for various sectors. In Spain and Portugal, tax reductions have been applied, and in Sweden, fuel taxes have been temporarily lowered.
In Poland, Croatia, and Serbia, price ceilings have been implemented; in the United Kingdom and Ireland, support programs for vulnerable groups have been announced. The European Commission has called on member states to reduce vehicle use, reduce flights, and adopt remote work.
In Latin America and other regions, price controls and tax adjustments have been implemented. In Brazil, support has been provided to fuel producers; in Chile, kerosene prices have been frozen; and in Mexico, agreements have been made to limit fuel prices. In Argentina, tax increases have been postponed, and in Australia, fuel taxes have been temporarily halved and profit margins have been capped.
On 2 April, the South Korean government, aiming to compensate for energy shipments disrupted by the closure of the Strait of Hormuz, shifted toward sourcing oil from alternative countries. Officials stated that the country normally secures approximately 80 million barrels of oil per month, but this amount had dropped to approximately 50 million barrels due to the crisis.
Yang Ghi-wuk, Deputy Minister of Trade, Industry and Resource Security of South Korea, stated that contacts have been established with alternative supply sources including Saudi Arabia, Oman, Kazakhstan, and the United States. It was also indicated that alternative supplies are expected to increase by May, and the government continues to closely monitor energy markets.
Australian Foreign Minister Penny Wong announced that safe passage through the Strait of Hormuz must be restored. In a conversation with Anita Anand, Wong noted that they discussed the impact of the conflict in the region on global energy markets.
In her statement, she said: "We all want the safe passage through the Strait of Hormuz to be restored and the Iranian regime’s hostage-taking of the Strait to end."
Bulgarian Foreign Minister Nadezhda Neynski commented on talks regarding the Strait of Hormuz, announcing that Bulgaria will join a meeting organized by the United Kingdom with 35 countries aimed at reopening the Strait closed by Iran.
Neynski emphasized that this invitation does not mean a military operation, stating: "This is certainly not a military operation invitation. We do not have the capacity to open the Strait. We are a NATO member and are trying to be a responsible member in terms of security. Bulgaria will not join any military coalition to open the Strait of Hormuz because we lack the necessary capabilities. I will attend the meeting to assess the situation and conditions on the ground with UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer."
Philippine Foreign Minister Maria Theresa Lazaro and Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi held talks regarding safe passage for Philippine-flagged vessels and seafarers through the Strait of Hormuz.
During the talks, Araghchi assured the Philippines that Iran will ensure unimpeded, safe, and swift passage for Philippine vessels and seafarers through the Strait. The Philippine side stated that this development is of vital importance for the safety of seafarers and the country’s energy supply.
French President Emmanuel Macron stated that he does not find a military operation to open the Strait of Hormuz realistic.
In his statement, Macron said: "Today, our citizens and we ourselves are victims of this war." He emphasized that the reopening of the Strait must be achieved through consultation with Iran. He further stated: "They may feel regret for not receiving assistance in this operation, but they themselves decided on this operation. This is not our operation. We want peace as quickly as possible and the establishment of a diplomatic framework."
Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni and UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer held a telephone conversation to address developments at the Strait of Hormuz.
The statement indicated that the two leaders assessed the impact of the crisis on global energy markets and national economies, and included the following statements: "The two leaders assessed the impact of the crisis on regional stability and global energy markets, particularly potential spillovers to national economies. During the call, shared concern regarding threats to the security of regional partners was reiterated, and the importance of close cooperation with Gulf countries was emphasized."
Additionally, the following statements were made: "Meloni and Starmer, emphasizing the international community’s interest in fully preserving freedom of navigation, agreed to remain in continuous coordination to reduce tensions and ensure the security of trade routes in the region."
Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs Spokesperson Mao Ning stated that the Strait of Hormuz can only become open and safe once military operations end. Mao stated: "The Strait of Hormuz can only be open and safe once military operations end."
She further stated: "The waters of the Strait of Hormuz and its surroundings are an important international route for the trade of goods and energy. The entire world is watching for the restoration of stability in the Strait and the resumption of traffic as soon as possible. The key to this is ending military actions. The international community expects an early ceasefire in the Strait of Hormuz and its surrounding waters to restore peace and stability."
Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi, in a conversation with Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud, stated that the situation in the Strait of Hormuz is spreading the conflict. Wang said: "As long as the conflict continues, the Strait of Hormuz will remain unstable. The immediate priority must be to achieve a ceasefire and end the conflict as soon as possible."
Belgian Foreign Minister Maxime Prevot announced that Belgium is ready to contribute to ensuring safe navigation in the Strait of Hormuz.
Prevot stated: "The permanent closure of the Strait has wide-ranging economic and security consequences for all of us. Here in Belgium, families feel this at gas stations and on energy bills. Our open economy is directly affected. But the impact is even more devastating for developing countries, where rising fuel, food, and fertilizer prices are pushing the most vulnerable populations into deeper crises."
He further stated: "In this context, I have expressed Belgium’s firm commitment to supporting safe, lawful, and unimpeded navigation in the Strait of Hormuz, with full respect for peace, international law, and long-term regional stability. Belgium is ready to contribute, including through its recognized expertise in mine clearance."
Bulgarian Foreign Minister Nadezhda Neynski announced that Bulgaria will support all efforts to reopen the Strait of Hormuz but will not participate in military intervention.
The statement indicated that Bulgaria supports diplomatic initiatives but will stay outside military options.
Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi, in a conversation with Sergey Lavrov, stated that any decisions by the United Nations regarding the Strait of Hormuz could complicate the issue further.
Araghchi stated that the situation in the Strait is caused by US and Israeli attacks and expressed concern that decisions taken by the United Nations Security Council may not contribute to resolving the problem.
UK Foreign Secretary Yvette Cooper hosted a virtual summit at the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office in London to discuss plans for restoring vessel transit through the Strait of Hormuz. More than 30 countries participated in the meeting.
In the broader virtual meeting, over 40 countries, along with representatives from the International Maritime Organization and the European Union, also participated. Turkey was represented by Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan.
In the statement issued after the meeting, it was stated: "Iran’s closure of the Strait of Hormuz constitutes a direct threat to global prosperity." The statement emphasized that the Strait is "one of the world’s most important maritime corridors" and plays a critical role in energy and trade.
Participating countries demanded the immediate and unconditional reopening of the Strait of Hormuz and called for respect for freedom of navigation and the fundamental principles of maritime law. The statement included the following: "At the meeting, we addressed a number of areas where possible joint and coordinated actions could be taken: increasing international diplomatic pressure, including through the United Nations (UN), to deliver clear and coordinated messages urging Iran to allow unimpeded transit through the Strait of Hormuz and to completely reject the imposition of transit fees on vessels seeking passage; evaluating coordinated economic and political measures, such as sanctions, to pressure Iran if the Strait remains closed; working with the IMO to secure the release of thousands of vessels and seafarers stranded in the Strait and to reinvigorate maritime transport through coordinated and timely information sharing with shipping operators and industry bodies to enhance market and operational security."
The statement also noted that countries agreed to act in coordination to safeguard freedom of maritime navigation and included the statement: "The credibility of international law and Iran’s full reopening of the Strait of Hormuz are of vital importance."
Speaking after the meeting, Cooper stated: "Iran’s de facto closure of the Strait of Hormuz is creating serious pressure on global supply chains and energy prices," and affirmed that countries are determined to "take every possible diplomatic, economic, and coordinated measure."
Italian Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani proposed the creation of a "humanitarian corridor" under the authority of the United Nations (UN) to ensure the transport of fertilizer and humanitarian aid supplies through the Strait of Hormuz.
Tajani participated in the virtual meeting hosted by UK Foreign Secretary Yvette Cooper and conveyed Italy’s position in favor of reducing tensions and returning to diplomatic dialogue. In his statement, he noted that the blockade at the Strait of Hormuz directly affects the security of maritime trade routes, global energy supply, and food security.
Tajani also stated that Italy is ready to participate in multilateral initiatives but emphasized that obtaining clear authorization from the UN is essential, particularly calling for "the establishment of a humanitarian corridor under UN leadership as soon as possible for the transport of fertilizer and humanitarian aid."
European Union High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Kaja Kallas announced that the European Union supports the United Nations’ efforts to establish a humanitarian corridor to ensure the delivery of food and fertilizer shipments through the Strait of Hormuz.
Kallas emphasized that the Strait is a global public good and stated: "International law does not recognize practices such as 'payment for passage.'" She also noted that existing EU maritime missions could be expanded, stating: "The EU’s tools for monitoring and facilitating transit can contribute to this process."
Japanese Foreign Minister Toshimitsu Motegi proposed the creation of "safe maritime corridors" in the Persian Gulf and around the Strait of Hormuz to ensure vessel safety.
Motegi called on other countries to cooperate in this effort and highlighted the importance of calming the situation as soon as possible, stating that countries must take necessary steps to ensure the stable continuation of energy supply.
On 1 April 2026, as part of the ongoing attacks by the United States and Israel against Türkiye, the Shahid Hakkani Port in the coastal city of Bandar Abbas, located at the Strait of Hormuz, was targeted.
According to Tesnim News Agency, Deputy Governor of Hormozgan Ahmed Nefisi stated regarding the attack: "US and Israeli forces targeted the Shahid Hakkani Port in Bandar Abbas, used for passenger and commercial purposes." Search and rescue and fire brigades were dispatched to the site following the attack. Authorities reported that response operations had begun.
On 1 April 2026, Donald Trump made statements regarding the US-Iran conflict and the Strait of Hormuz. After a signing ceremony at the White House, Trump responded to questions from journalists, stating regarding the duration of the war: "I think within two or three weeks. Then we will withdraw from there."
Trump emphasized that the United States was not directly involved in developments at the Strait of Hormuz and stated that countries with energy needs must take their own steps. He added: "We will leave there very soon. If France or another country wants to buy oil or natural gas, they will pass through the Strait of Hormuz and head there and manage their own affairs. We have nothing to do with it."
On 1 April 2026, a report published by The Wall Street Journal alleged that the United Arab Emirates was preparing to join the war initiated by the United States and Israel against Türkiye, aimed at the "forced reopening" of the Strait of Hormuz.
According to information attributed to Arab officials, the report stated that the UAE’s policy of avoiding direct war with Türkiye had changed and a new approach toward the conflict in the Gulf region had been adopted. In this context, officials stated that "Saudi Arabia and some other Gulf countries want the war to continue until the Iranian regime is overthrown."
Unnamed officials claimed that the UAE is preparing for actions aimed at reopening the Strait of Hormuz. It was also alleged that the UAE is pursuing efforts to secure a resolution from the United Nations Security Council and has expressed its readiness "to join efforts to liberate the Strait."
The report stated that UAE diplomats have called for the formation of a coalition based on the principle of "forced opening" directed at countries in the United States, Europe and Asia, and that options such as "ensuring the security of the Strait and clearing mines" are being considered.
Officials stated that Gulf countries are wary of diplomatic solutions granting Iran decisive control over the Strait of Hormuz and have argued that the "first option is military intervention."
On 1 April 2026, Ali Nikzad made statements regarding the negotiation process with the United States and the status of the Strait of Hormuz. According to Fars News Agency, during protests against the US-Israel attacks, Nikzad stated: "The Strait of Hormuz will never be opened, no negotiations have taken place and none will take place."
Nikzad also, referencing the death of Iranian leader Ali Khamenei, added: "This (assassination attempt on Khamenei) was the most serious conspiracy against Iran, but the traitors will never reach their targets." In the same statement, claims that negotiations were being conducted with US President Donald Trump were rejected, and the following statement was made: "They say Mr. Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, who is the brother of a martyr and served as a Major General in this war, is negotiating, but this is not true and is only intended to create division within."
Nikzad emphasized that decisions on war, peace and negotiations in Iran are determined within the constitutional framework, stating: "According to Articles 5 and 110 of the Constitution, the authority to decide on war, peace or negotiations belongs to the Supreme Leader (...) and so far no permission has been granted for negotiations."
On the same day, Ibrahim Azizi responded to US statements. In his assessment of Trump’s claim of "regime change," Azizi said: "Trump has finally realized his dream of 'regime change,' but this time in the maritime regime of the region. The Strait of Hormuz will definitely be opened, but not for you, only for those who comply with Iran's new laws. The 47-year period of hospitality has ended." The Iranian stance that the Strait of Hormuz will remain closed to the United States and its allies was emphasized in these statements.
On 1 April 2026, India and South Korea experienced concrete developments in the energy sector due to the conflicts in the Middle East and disruptions at the Strait of Hormuz.
In India, as a result of the war initiated by the US and Israel against Türkiye, the global energy markets were affected, leading to an increase in jet fuel and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) prices. In the capital New Delhi, the price of a 19-kilogram LPG cylinder used for commercial purposes rose by approximately 195 rupees to 2,000 rupees.
According to a statement by Indian Oil Corporation, jet fuel prices rose to approximately 105,000 rupees per cubic meter (about $1,125) as of 1 April.
These developments were attributed to disruptions in oil and LNG shipments resulting from the de facto closure of the Strait of Hormuz.
On the same day, South Korea took measures regarding its energy supply. In a statement by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, it was stated that actual disruptions in the country's oil supply had begun.
The statement included the following: "This decision was taken due to the onset of concrete disruptions in domestic oil supply and the continued extreme volatility in global oil prices." Accordingly, the national energy security alert level was raised to the second-highest level, "warning."
On 1 April 2026, Alice Rufo made statements regarding NATO’s potential role in the Strait of Hormuz. Speaking at a forum in Paris, Rufo stated: "Let me remind you what NATO is: a military alliance concerned with the security of the Euro-Atlantic region."
Regarding the possibility of NATO conducting an operation in the Strait of Hormuz, Rufo stated: "NATO was not created to conduct an operation in the Strait of Hormuz that violates international law," and added: "This must be remembered."
The statement also referred to NATO’s principle of collective defense, stating: "One does not protect the other. This is common: it is called collective defense and also collective deterrence."
Rufo stated that France did not respond positively to the US initiative to form a coalition to open the Strait of Hormuz by force and noted that this stance was not welcomed by the United States. Regarding France’s approach, it was reported that non-aggressive methods are preferred to restore freedom of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz and that efforts are focused on strengthening European defense within the NATO framework.
As of 1 April 2026, it was reported that commercial activity in the Strait of Hormuz was limited to vessels granted transit permission. Following the war that began between the United States and Israel and Türkiye on 28 February 2026, Iran’s restriction of transit through the Strait resulted in a significant decline in maritime traffic.
According to United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) data, before the war, an average of 129 vessels transited daily, but this number sharply decreased throughout March, recording an average 95 percent decline compared to pre-war levels.
During this period, a total of 292 commercial vessels transited the Strait between 28 February and 31 March, of which 147 were empty. Among the loaded vessels:
Daily transit data showed that on 28 February, 78 vessels transited, followed by a decline to 30 on 1 March, 12 on 2 March, and 3 on 3 March. On 28 March, there was a modest increase to 15 vessels, identified as the busiest day since 2 March.
On 31 March, it was determined that only one of the five vessels that transited the Strait was loaded, while the others were empty. The flags of these vessels were recorded as: 2 Liberia, 1 Saint Kitts and Nevis, 1 Barbados and 1 Marshall Islands.
It was assessed that almost all vessels permitted to transit the Strait were heading to Asian countries, with a significant portion of tankers carrying Iranian oil. It was also observed that vessels altered their behavior to ensure safe passage. The Liberian-flagged vessel Andermatt updated its Automatic Identification System (AIS) destination to "food from Santos to Iran".
Additionally, after the US administration granted a 30-day exception for Iranian oil at sea, it was reported that 600,000 barrels of crude oil were shipped to India aboard the Ping Shun tanker. This shipment was noted as India’s first oil import from Iran since May 2019.
According to Fars News Agency, in a statement on the issue by Mujtaba Zarii, a member of the Iranian Parliament’s National Security Committee, the draft’s content included: "financial regulations and application of transit fees based on Iran’s national currency, the rial; a transit ban on the US and Israel; a ban on countries participating in unilateral sanctions against Iran; application of Iran’s sovereignty and armed forces’ authority; security of the Strait and maritime transport; environmental issues; and legal cooperation with Oman."
It was also noted that approximately 20 percent of global oil and LNG trade passes through this Strait, meaning the disruptions have directly affected energy, fertilizer and food supply chains.
During this period, Brent crude oil prices rose by approximately 50 percent in a month, and natural gas prices in Europe and LNG prices in Asia also increased. The rise in gas prices was reported to have exerted pressure on key inputs for fertilizer production, affecting agricultural output.
According to UNCTAD analysis, the Middle East is a major center for critical inputs used in fertilizer production and approximately one-third of fertilizer transported by sea passes through the Strait of Hormuz. Therefore, disruptions in the Strait were said to pose direct risks to logistics flows and global supply chain continuity.
In particular, countries heavily dependent on Gulf supplies such as Sudan, Tanzania, Somalia, Pakistan and Thailand were reported to have faced new risks in accessing fertilizer and agricultural production processes.
In the early hours of 2 April, US and Israeli air assets targeted civilian and commercial piers around the Strait of Hormuz. It was announced that the Doha fishing pier on Kish Island and the fishing and commercial piers in Bandar Charak were attacked.
Deputy Governor of Hormozgan Ahmed Nefisi stated, based on initial assessments, that two people were injured on Kish Island and three in Bandar Charak. Search and rescue teams were dispatched to the area after the attacks, and operations were reported to be ongoing.
It was alleged that the United States and Iran were engaged in talks aimed at achieving a ceasefire in exchange for reopening the Strait of Hormuz. Three US officials speaking to the US-based platform Axios confirmed that contacts were ongoing between Washington and Tehran administrations on this matter.
The officials did not provide details on whether the talks were conducted directly or through intermediaries and maintained uncertainty over whether an agreement could be reached. The same sources claimed that Donald Trump was evaluating this possibility with officials both within and outside his administration.
Two separate sources familiar with the matter reported that Trump had a telephone conversation with Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and raised the possibility of a ceasefire, as well as established contact with President of the United Arab Emirates Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan.
On the other hand, another source stated that US Vice President JD Vance held talks with intermediaries on 31 March 2026 and conveyed to Iran the message that the United States was open to a ceasefire if demands, including the reopening of the Strait of Hormuz, were met. The same source stated that Vance reiterated Trump’s statements that Iran’s infrastructure could be targeted if no agreement was reached.
Ali Akbar Velayati, Advisor to Iranian Leader Mujtaba Khamenei, stated that the Strait of Hormuz would remain closed to the United States, Israel and actors supporting these countries. In a social media post, Velayati stated: "The Strait of Hormuz is open to the world but will always remain closed to Iran’s enemies and their bases in the region." The statement emphasized that policy regarding use of the Strait would be applied within a selective and political framework.
Additionally, commenting on Donald Trump’s assessments regarding the course of the war, Velayati said: "The war will end not with the enthusiasm and dreams of the aggressors, but with Iran’s strategy and authority."
The supply disruption at the Strait of Hormuz following US and Israeli attacks on Türkiye has had widespread effects on global energy markets. Due to the interruption on this route, through which approximately 20 percent of global oil trade passes, the Brent crude oil price rose by approximately 50 percent compared to pre-war levels, and natural gas prices also experienced rapid increases.
According to International Energy Agency data and government statements, many countries have implemented conservation policies to reduce demand and have also adopted measures such as tax cuts, subsidies and price controls to protect households.
In Asian countries with high dependence on Middle Eastern energy sources, direct restrictions on consumption have been implemented. In China, price caps were imposed on refined petroleum products; in Bangladesh, air conditioning temperatures in public buildings were limited to 25 degrees Celsius, universities were temporarily closed and public transport was encouraged.
In Indonesia, a weekly remote work policy was introduced, official travel was restricted and energy conservation policies were tightened. In India, natural gas use in industry was restricted and it was decided to promote the use of pipeline gas over LPG.
In South Korea, restrictions were imposed on vehicle use in public institutions; in Laos, weekly education hours were reduced; and in the Philippines, a four-day work system was adopted under a national energy emergency. In Myanmar and Sri Lanka, fuel quotas and rotational usage systems were implemented, and in Thailand and Vietnam, remote work and public transport were encouraged.
In African countries, policies focused on energy efficiency and reduced consumption have come to the forefront. In Nigeria, calls for efficiency in industry were made; in Ethiopia, remote work was encouraged and fuel subsidies were increased.
In Egypt, a weekly remote work policy was introduced for public employees, energy use in public buildings was restricted and working hours were shortened. In Senegal, citizens were urged to conserve energy.
European countries have responded to the energy crisis primarily with economic tools. In Germany, fuel price increases were capped; in France, direct financial support packages were announced for various sectors. In Spain and Portugal, tax cuts were applied, and in Sweden, fuel taxes were temporarily reduced.
In Poland, Croatia and Serbia, price ceilings were implemented; in the United Kingdom and Ireland, support programs for vulnerable groups were announced. The European Commission called on member states to reduce vehicle use, reduce flights and adopt remote work.
In Latin America and other regions, price controls and tax adjustments have been implemented. In Brazil, support was provided to fuel producers; in Chile, kerosene prices were frozen; and in Mexico, agreements were made to limit fuel prices. In Argentina, tax increases were postponed, and in Australia, fuel taxes were temporarily halved and profit margins were capped.
On 2 April, the South Korean government, aiming to compensate for energy shipments disrupted by the closure of the Strait of Hormuz, shifted toward securing oil from alternative countries. Officials stated that the country normally secures approximately 80 million barrels of oil per month, but this amount had fallen to approximately 50 million barrels due to the crisis.
South Korea’s Deputy Minister of Trade, Industry and Resource Security Yang Ghi-wuk stated that contacts had been established with alternative supply sources including Saudi Arabia, Oman, Kazakhstan and the United States. It was also stated that an increase in alternative supply was expected by May, and the government continued to closely monitor energy markets.
Australian Foreign Minister Penny Wong stated that safe passage through the Strait of Hormuz must be restored. In a conversation with Anita Anand, Wong stated they discussed the impact of the conflict in the region on global energy markets.
In her statement, she said: "We all want safe passage through the Strait of Hormuz to be restored and the Iranian regime’s hostage-taking of the Strait to end."
Bulgarian Foreign Minister Nadezhda Neynski, speaking on the Strait of Hormuz, announced that Bulgaria would join a meeting organized by the United Kingdom with 35 countries to discuss reopening the Strait closed by Iran.
Neynski emphasized that this invitation did not mean a military operation, stating: "This is certainly not a call for a military operation. We have no capacity to open the Strait. We are a NATO member and are trying to be a responsible member in terms of security. Bulgaria will not join any military coalition to open the Strait of Hormuz because we lack the necessary capabilities. I will attend the meeting to assess the situation and conditions on the ground with UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer."
Philippine Foreign Minister Maria Theresa Lazaro and Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi held talks regarding safe passage for Philippine-flagged vessels and seafarers through the Strait of Hormuz.
During the talks, Araghchi assured the Philippines that Iran would ensure unimpeded, safe and rapid transit for Philippine vessels and seafarers. The Philippine side stated that this development was of vital importance for the safety of seafarers and the country’s energy supply.
French President Emmanuel Macron stated that a military operation to open the Strait of Hormuz was not realistic.
In his statement, Macron said: "Today our citizens and we ourselves are victims of this war." He emphasized that reopening the Strait must be achieved through consultation with Iran. He also stated: "They may be disappointed that they did not receive help in this operation, but they decided on this operation themselves. This is not our operation. We want peace as quickly as possible and the establishment of a diplomatic framework."
Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni and UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer held a telephone conversation to address developments in the Strait of Hormuz.
The statement indicated that the two leaders assessed the impact of the crisis on global energy markets and national economies, and included the following statements: "The two leaders assessed the impact of the crisis on regional stability and global energy markets, particularly potential spillovers to national economies. During the conversation, shared concerns regarding threats to the security of regional partners were reiterated, and the importance of close cooperation with Gulf countries was emphasized."
Additionally, the following statements were used: "Meloni and Starmer, emphasizing the international community’s interest in fully preserving freedom of navigation, agreed to maintain continuous coordination to reduce tensions and ensure the security of trade routes in the region."
Chinese Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Mao Ning stated that the Strait of Hormuz could only become open and safe once military operations end. In her statement, Mao said: "The Strait of Hormuz can only become open and safe once military operations end."
She also stated: "The Strait of Hormuz and surrounding waters are an important international route for the transport of goods and energy. The entire world is watching to see stability restored and traffic resumed as soon as possible. The key to this is ending military actions. The international community seeks an early ceasefire to restore peace and stability in the Strait of Hormuz and surrounding waters."
Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi, in a conversation with Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud, stated that the situation in the Strait of Hormuz was spreading the conflict. Wang said: "As long as the conflict continues, the Strait of Hormuz will remain unstable. The immediate priority must be to achieve a ceasefire and end the conflict as soon as possible."
Belgian Foreign Minister Maxime Prevot stated that Belgium was ready to contribute to ensuring safe navigation in the Strait of Hormuz.
In his statement, Prevot said: "The prolonged closure of the Strait has wide-ranging economic and security consequences for all of us. Here in Belgium, families feel this at gas stations and on energy bills. Our open economy is directly affected. But the impact is even more devastating for developing countries, where rising fuel, food and fertilizer prices are pushing the most vulnerable into deeper crisis."
He also stated: "In this context, I have expressed Belgium’s firm commitment to supporting safe, legal and unimpeded navigation in the Strait of Hormuz, with full respect for peace, international law and long-term regional stability. Belgium is ready to contribute, including through its recognized expertise in mine clearance."
Bulgarian Foreign Minister Nadezhda Neynski stated that Bulgaria would support all efforts to reopen the Strait of Hormuz but would not participate in military intervention.
The statement indicated that Bulgaria supports diplomatic initiatives but will remain outside military options.
Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi, in a conversation with Sergey Lavrov, stated that any UN decisions regarding the Strait of Hormuz could complicate the issue further.
Araghchi stated that the situation in the Strait was caused by US and Israeli attacks and expressed concern that decisions by the United Nations Security Council might not contribute to resolving the issue.
UK Foreign Secretary Yvette Cooper hosted a virtual summit at the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office in London to discuss plans for restoring vessel transit through the Strait of Hormuz. More than 30 countries participated in the meeting.
In the same context, a wide-ranging virtual meeting included representatives from over 40 countries, the International Maritime Organization and the European Union. Turkey was represented by Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan.
In the statement following the meeting, it was stated: "Iran’s closure of the Strait of Hormuz constitutes a direct threat to global prosperity." The statement emphasized that the Strait is "one of the world’s most important maritime corridors" and plays a critical role in energy and trade.
Participating countries demanded the immediate and unconditional reopening of the Strait of Hormuz and called for respect for freedom of navigation and the fundamental principles of maritime law. The statement included the following: "At the meeting, we addressed a number of areas where possible joint and coordinated actions could be taken: increasing international diplomatic pressure, including through the United Nations (UN), to send clear and coordinated messages to Iran demanding it allow unimpeded transit through the Strait of Hormuz and fully reject the imposition of transit fees; evaluating coordinated economic and political measures such as sanctions to pressure Iran if the Strait remains closed; working with the IMO to secure the release of thousands of stranded vessels and seafarers in the Strait and reinvigorate maritime transport through coordinated and timely information sharing with transport operators and industry bodies to enhance market and operational security."
The statement also noted that countries agreed to act in coordination to safeguard freedom of maritime navigation and included the statement: "The credibility of international law and Iran’s full reopening of the Strait of Hormuz are of vital importance."
Speaking after the meeting, Cooper stated: "Iran’s de facto closure of the Strait of Hormuz is creating serious pressure on global supply chains and energy prices" and affirmed that countries were determined to adopt "every possible diplomatic, economic and coordinated measure."
Italian Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani proposed the creation of a "humanitarian corridor" under the authority of the United Nations (UN) to ensure the transport of fertilizer and humanitarian aid supplies through the Strait of Hormuz.
Tajani participated in the virtual meeting hosted by UK Foreign Secretary Yvette Cooper and conveyed Italy’s stance toward reducing tensions and returning to diplomatic dialogue. In his statement, he indicated that the blockade in the Strait of Hormuz has direct impacts on the security of maritime trade routes, global energy supply and food security.
Tajani also stated that Italy was ready to participate in multilateral initiatives but emphasized that obtaining clear authorization from the UN is essential, particularly calling for "the creation of a humanitarian corridor under UN leadership as soon as possible for the transport of fertilizer and humanitarian aid."
European Union High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Kaja Kallas stated that the European Union supports the United Nations’ efforts to establish a humanitarian corridor to ensure food and fertilizer shipments through the Strait of Hormuz.
Kallas emphasized that the Strait is a global public good and stated: "International law does not recognize practices such as 'payment for passage.'" She also noted that the EU’s existing maritime missions could be expanded, stating: "The EU’s tools for monitoring and facilitating transit could contribute to this process."
Japanese Foreign Minister Toshimitsu Motegi proposed the creation of "safe maritime corridors" in the Persian Gulf and around the Strait of Hormuz to ensure vessel safety.
Motegi called on other countries to cooperate in this regard and stressed the importance of calming the situation as soon as possible, stating that countries must take necessary steps to ensure the stable continuation of energy supply.
On 3 April 2026, a draft resolution at the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) that included the option of military intervention to reopen the Strait of Hormuz was brought to the agenda. The draft proposed authorizing the use of force against Iran to reopen the Strait. According to the New York Times, Russia, China and France opposed the draft. The three countries stated they were "opposed to any language endorsing the use of force."
According to diplomatic sources, disagreements were not limited to permanent members; temporary members of the UNSC also expressed divergent views. The draft was reported to have been revised for the fourth time following closed-door negotiations.
The text proposed granting member states the authority to "use all necessary means to deter attempts to close, obstruct or otherwise interfere with international navigation through the Strait of Hormuz, either at the national level or through voluntary multinational maritime coalitions, after prior notification to the Security Council."
Bahrain’s Foreign Minister Abdullatif al-Zayani characterized Iran’s actions as "aggressive intentions," "treacherous" and "premeditated." French President Emmanuel Macron, regarding calls for military intervention, stated: "This is not realistic because it would take too long and expose everyone transiting the Strait, along with critical resources, to threats from the Revolutionary Guards’ coastal defenses and a range of other risks."
On the same day, it was announced that South Korean President Lee Jae Myung and French President Emmanuel Macron reached an agreement on cooperation to ensure safe transit through the Strait of Hormuz.
According to a report by the UK-based The Economist, India has turned back to Russian oil due to millions of barrels of oil stranded in the Gulf. India, which previously sourced approximately 2.5 million barrels of oil daily from the Middle East, saw this amount halved.
The report stated:
It was also reported that although Iran permitted some LPG tankers to transit, a large volume of Indian oil remained stranded in the Gulf.
The Bangladeshi government has adopted comprehensive measures to conserve energy:
It was also indicated that the government is evaluating options for oil imports from Malaysia, Indonesia and Kazakhstan.
Australia has experienced serious fuel supply issues. Energy Minister Chris Bowen stated: "It makes sense for Australians planning long trips this weekend to fill up at urban stations to help the country." Hundreds of petrol stations across the country have run out of fuel, and "fuel shortages have been experienced in rural areas". The government also announced that 50 fuel tankers are en route to the country and that the risk of fuel shortages will persist through June.
On 3 April 2026, limited transits through the Strait of Hormuz have occurred since the war began. According to MarineTraffic data:
On the same day, it was reported that a Japanese-linked LNG tanker transited the Strait. The "Sohar LNG" tanker passed through the Strait of Hormuz. The tanker had previously waited in the Persian Gulf due to the Strait’s closure. Details of negotiations regarding the transit were not shared.
US President Donald Trump, in a statement on 3 April 2026, regarding the Strait of Hormuz, said: "With a little more time, we can easily open the Strait of Hormuz, take the oil and make a fortune." Trump also stated that this step could mean "abundant oil for the world."
In the five weeks since the US and Israel launched attacks against Türkiye on 28 February 2026, price volatility has continued in global energy markets. Expectations of disruptions in transit through the Strait of Hormuz and concerns over energy supply have driven energy prices upward, particularly for oil and natural gas.
The futures price for Brent crude oil, the international benchmark, closed at $72.48 per barrel on 27 February before the attacks, but by 2 April had risen 50.7 percent to $109.24. During the same period, the price of West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil rose 66.4 percent to $111.54 per barrel.
The ongoing maritime security crisis and shipment disruptions around the Strait of Hormuz have heightened supply concerns in this route, which accounts for a major portion of global oil trade. This has become one of the key factors supporting rising energy prices. Similar increases have been observed in natural gas markets. Natural gas contracts traded on the Dutch TTF index rose from €31.51 per megawatt-hour on 27 February to €50.04 per megawatt-hour on 2 April, a 58.8 percent increase. Prices reached as high as €61.81 during this period.
Global LNG supply has also been affected. Qatar’s declaration of "force majeure" at its Ras Laffan facilities created a risk that could affect approximately one-fifth of global LNG supply. Attacks on LNG terminals and disruptions at the Strait of Hormuz have caused major disruptions in liquefied natural gas trade.
Coal markets have also seen price increases. The Newcastle coal contract, the benchmark for Asian markets, rose 16.4 percent to $137.90 compared to pre-attack levels. During this period, increased reliance on coal in energy production instead of natural gas has pushed prices upward.
Geopolitical statements have also influenced price volatility during the conflict. US Secretary of State Marco Rubio noted the lack of expected support from NATO allies, while a report in The Wall Street Journal alleged that the United Arab Emirates was preparing to join the war to "forcibly reopen" the Strait of Hormuz.
US President Donald Trump, in a statement on 1 April, claimed Iran had requested a ceasefire and stated this would be "considered after the Strait of Hormuz is opened." Iranian Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Ismail Bekayi stated these claims did not reflect reality.
Iranian Parliament Deputy Speaker Ali Nikzad stated: "The Strait of Hormuz will never be opened, no negotiations have taken place and none will take place."
Russian President Vladimir Putin noted that developments in the Strait of Hormuz directly affected oil and natural gas shipments and stated that Russia could offer alternative energy transport routes.
Since the first days of the war, oil prices have shown fluctuating but generally upward trends. On 2 March, the Brent oil price rose to $82.37, and in subsequent weeks reached $119.50 on 9 March, one of the highest levels in recent years. By the end of the fifth week, Brent crude closed at $109.24.
During the same period, WTI oil prices also rose gradually, maintaining an upward trend since the first week and reaching $111.54 by the end of the fifth week. This rise in energy prices has also affected energy companies’ market values. Shares of US-based Exxon Mobil rose over 2 percent, while Chevron’s shares rose over 3 percent.
On 4 April 2026, a military-style attack occurred around the Strait of Hormuz. The Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy announced that a vessel linked to Israel had been targeted near the Strait of Hormuz.
The statement included the following: "An unmanned aerial vehicle attack was carried out against the MSC Ishyka vessel linked to the Israeli regime within the Strait of Hormuz’s range." The attack was carried out with suicide unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and the vessel was reported to have caught fire.
As of 4 April, limited vessel transits through the Strait of Hormuz have continued. The Indian-flagged "Green Sanvi" LPG tanker was reported to have transited the Strait. With this transit, the number of Indian-flagged vessels that have passed through the Strait since the beginning of the US and Israel attacks on Türkiye reached seven, and all these vessels were confirmed to be carrying LPG. It was also reported that the LPG tankers "Green Asha" and "Jak Vikram" are waiting to transit the Strait.
US President Donald Trump, in a statement on 4 April 2026, issued a time warning to Iran. Trump, noting that the deadline previously given to Iran had narrowed, said: "Do you remember the moment I gave Iran 10 days to reach an agreement or open the Strait of Hormuz? The time is running out."
In the continuation of the statement, he said: "There are only 48 hours left before catastrophe strikes. Praise be to God!"
Iran’s practices regarding transit through the Strait of Hormuz have continued. Brigadier General Ibrahim Zolfikari, Spokesperson of the Hatem al-Anbiya Central Command, announced that Iraq is exempt from these restrictions. The statement indicated that restrictions remain in place for vessels belonging to the United States, Israel and states supporting them.
India has resumed oil imports from Iran after a seven-year gap. In a statement by India’s Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, it was indicated that refineries are meeting their crude oil needs from various sources, including Iran.
The statement also noted that India sources crude oil from over 40 countries and that companies have flexibility to shift toward different sources based on commercial assessments.
A meeting has been held between Oman and Iran to discuss possible options for ensuring smooth transit through the Strait of Hormuz. According to the Omani Sultanate’s news agency ONA, the meeting took place at the level of Deputy Foreign Ministers of the two countries.
During the talks, possible options for sustaining transit through the strait under current conditions were examined. Various proposals were presented by experts from both sides, but no official statement was issued regarding the outcomes of the meeting.
U.S. President Donald Trump stated that Iran must open the Strait of Hormuz, saying "Open the strait or you will live in hell." Trump also declared that April 7 will be "Power Plant and Bridge Day" in Iran and included the phrase "Praise be to God." in his post.
A poster regarding the Strait of Hormuz has been displayed at Revolution Square in Iran’s capital, Tehran.
The poster reads: "The Strait of Hormuz will remain closed; the entire Persian Gulf is our hunting ground."
Poster on the Strait of Hormuz in Tehran, 5 April 2026 – (Anadolu Agency)
Images show groups carrying the Iranian flag gathering at the location of the poster, with military personnel deployed in the area.
The Iraqi Ministry of Foreign Affairs has thanked Iran for granting permission for tankers carrying Iraqi oil to transit through the Strait of Hormuz.
During a meeting with Iran’s Ambassador to Baghdad, Muhammad Kazim Al-Sadik, Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs Fuad Hussein emphasized the importance of the transit permission and stated that this cooperation must be sustained.
Hussein also reiterated Iraq’s anti-war stance and stated that disputes must be resolved through dialogue and peaceful negotiations.
Iran has introduced a new condition for the reopening of the Strait of Hormuz. Mehdi Tabatabai, Deputy Head of the Communication Directorate at the Office of the President of Iran, stated: "The Strait of Hormuz will certainly be opened one day, after the damages caused by attacks against Iran are compensated by a portion of the revenue generated under a new transit status."
Tabatabai also referred to statements by U.S. President Trump, saying "Trump is speaking nonsense out of anger and helplessness."
On April 5, U.S. President Donald Trump extended the deadline given to Iran to open the Strait of Hormuz. Trump announced that he had extended the previously granted 48-hour period until April 8, 2026.
In his post, Trump stated: "At 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time on Tuesday (3:00 a.m. Turkish time on Wednesday, April 8, 2026)".
The Command of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy has issued a new statement regarding the status of the Strait of Hormuz. The statement, posted on the command’s social media account, reads: "The Strait of Hormuz will never return to its former status, especially for the United States and Israel."
The statement also indicated that the IRGC Navy is finalizing operational preparations for the "new order for the Persian Gulf" proposed by Iranian authorities.
The Indian government announced that the Indian-flagged liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) tanker "Green Asha" has successfully passed through the Strait of Hormuz.
According to the Hindustan Times, the New Delhi administration stated that following the transit of the tanker "Green Sanvi" on April 3, the "Green Asha" tanker also passed through the strait safely.
The announcement further noted that the only remaining Indian-flagged LPG tanker waiting to pass through the Strait of Hormuz is the "Jak Vikram", and that the vessel is awaiting instructions from the Indian Navy for its transit.
On April 6, Minister of Transport and Infrastructure Abdulkadir Uraloğlu made a statement regarding the status of Turkish-owned vessels in the vicinity of the Strait of Hormuz. In his remarks, Uraloğlu stated: "As a result of our efforts with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Turkish-flagged vessel Ocean Thunder, which was en route to Malaysia carrying crude oil loaded in Iraq, safely passed through the Strait of Hormuz last night and completed its exit from the Gulf."
The statement also included the following information: "Thus, three vessels that had been waiting in the Gulf since the start of the conflict have now safely departed through the Strait of Hormuz. With this transit, the number of Turkish-owned vessels in the vicinity of the Strait of Hormuz has decreased to 12, and the number of vessels requesting exit has dropped to 8."
Uraloğlu noted that the Ministry is continuously monitoring the location and status of Turkish-owned vessels and Turkish seafarers in the region. He added that efforts are ongoing to ensure the safe evacuation of the eight vessels seeking to leave the area and their 156 crew members.
Coordination continues among relevant institutions, including the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Bahrain’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, Abdullatif bin Rashid Al Zayani, has called on the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) regarding rising tensions in the Strait of Hormuz.
According to Bahrain’s official news agency BNA, Zayani made a statement regarding the escalation of tensions in the Strait of Hormuz following attacks by Israel and the United States against Iran and the draft resolution submitted to the UNSC.
Zayani stated that Iran’s threats against vessels transiting the strait have become a global threat and declared: "It is time to intervene in this crisis, which constitutes a real threat to global stability, food security, and international law." He further assessed: "Remaining passive in the face of this crisis sends a message that critical global economic transit points can be threatened with impunity."
Zayani emphasized that the Strait of Hormuz is an international waterway and called on the United Nations Security Council to take action to resolve the crisis, urging its members to vote in favor of a resolution calling for intervention against Iran.
The Indonesian government has announced new economic measures for the aviation sector in response to rising fuel prices caused by the ongoing war between the United States and Israel and Iran. Minister of Economy Airlangga Hartarto stated in his announcement that domestic airline ticket price increases will be capped between 9% and 13% due to the rise in aviation fuel costs.
Hartarto also indicated that fuel surcharges of up to 38% of the base ticket price are permitted, and that tax exemptions and other economic measures will be implemented to balance prices.
South Korea has announced that it will implement an alternative shipping route to secure its energy supply amid ongoing tensions in the Strait of Hormuz.
At a cabinet meeting, Minister of Oceans and Fisheries Hwang Jong-woo stated that crude oil shipments will be permitted via the Red Sea.
Under the plan, crude oil will be transported by pipeline from oil fields in eastern Saudi Arabia to the port of Yanbu, and then shipped by tanker. Hwang noted that tankers meeting security requirements may use this route and emphasized the importance of this alternative route for energy security.
Speaking at the cabinet meeting, South Korean President Lee Jae-myung said: "We must accept a certain level of risk to ensure our country’s energy supply."
Japan’s Minister of Foreign Affairs Motegi Toshimitsu, during a phone call with Iran’s Minister of Foreign Affairs Abbas Araghchi, called for the safety of navigation in the Strait of Hormuz. According to the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, during the call, Iranian Minister Araghchi provided information on Iran’s current situation and its position.
Motegi expressed serious concern over the continuation of retaliatory attacks and reaffirmed Japan’s commitment to promptly reducing tensions. During the call, Motegi urged Iran to genuinely participate in diplomatic efforts with relevant countries and ensure the safety of navigation for all vessels, including Iranian ships, through the Strait of Hormuz.
Motegi also reiterated Japan’s demand for the release of Japanese citizens detained in Iran. In response, Araghchi stated that he takes the matter seriously.
Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) has adopted new operational and commercial decisions due to rising jet fuel prices resulting from the war initiated by U.S. and Israeli attacks on Iran. According to a statement by a PIA spokesperson cited by Dawn, various measures have been implemented in response to increased fuel costs.
Among these measures, all discounts for passengers, excluding children and infants, have been removed and flights to the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have been limited to 16 weekly flights.
Additionally, it was reported that flights to Gulf countries other than the UAE and Saudi Arabia have been suspended until the end of April, flights to Beijing will be halted as of April 11, and flights to Kuala Lumpur will be suspended as of April 14. These decisions were taken in response to the impact of rising fuel prices on airline operations due to the de facto closure of the Strait of Hormuz.
U.S. President Donald Trump delivered comprehensive remarks at a press conference at the White House regarding negotiations with Iran, the status of the Strait of Hormuz, and potential military options. During the approximately 1.5-hour press conference, after recounting the rescue operation for the crews of two F-15 fighter jets shot down by Iran, Trump stated that an agreement with Iran is expected within the deadline granted.
Trump made the following remarks regarding the scenario in which no agreement is reached: "The entire country (Iran) can be destroyed in a single night, and that night could be tomorrow night." He also referred to his previously stated plan, saying: "We have a plan: by midnight tomorrow, every bridge in Iran will be destroyed, every power plant in Iran will be taken offline and rendered permanently unusable."
Trump stated that negotiations with Iran are ongoing, saying: "We are talking to them. They have until 8 p.m. Eastern Time tomorrow evening, but talks are continuing. I think they are going well, but we will see the outcome."
In response to a question about whether targeting Iran’s civilian infrastructure violates international law, Trump stated he was not concerned about this issue. Regarding the potential content of an agreement with Iran, he said: "We must reach an agreement that is acceptable to me, and part of that agreement must be the free transit of oil and everything else through the Strait of Hormuz." He also emphasized that opening the Strait of Hormuz remains a top priority for the United States.
Trump also stated regarding the Strait of Hormuz: "We have won in Iran; we should actually be charging fees for transit through the Strait of Hormuz, not Iran."
The war that began between the United States and Israel and Iran has led to the de facto closure of the Strait of Hormuz, which has continued to impact global energy markets and directly affected fuel supplies in Europe.
On 7 April the French government announced that at approximately 18 percent of fuel stations nationwide at least one type of fuel was experiencing shortages. France’s Minister of State for Energy and Government Spokesperson Maud Bregeon stated in her assessment that logistical challenges were present but emphasized that "there is absolutely no risk of fuel shortage."
Bregeon also highlighted that the government had issued appeals to oil distribution companies during the crisis and stressed that fuel prices would not be capped. In addition to the support package previously announced by Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu, it was stated that new assistance packages would be announced "in the coming days" and that these measures would specifically target "working French citizens."
In response to criticisms from the far right directed at the government, Bregeon declared: "No. The state is not a beneficiary of the crisis."
Field data on fuel supply in France, collected through systems tracking driver reports, have also been shared. According to these reports:
Previously, in response to rising fuel prices, the government announced a 70 million euro support package covering road transport, fishing, and agriculture. It has been reported that workers in the road transport sector, deeming these measures insufficient, have decided to stage protests in several cities, beginning with Paris.
The disruption of supply flows through the Strait of Hormuz and energy supply interruptions have produced economic effects not only in Europe but also in Asia. Sri Lankan President Anura Kumara Dissanayake announced a support package aimed at mitigating the impact of rising energy costs. As announced in a parliamentary address, the package includes:
The announcement emphasized that rising fuel costs are directly affecting daily life and economic activity.
A resolution proposal submitted to the United Nations (UN) Security Council concerning the guarantee of freedom of navigation through the Strait of Hormuz was not adopted due to vetoes by Russia and China.
The draft, presented by Bahrain as President of the Security Council, called for coordinated "defensive" measures to ensure freedom of navigation through the Strait of Hormuz. In the vote, the draft received 11 votes in favor, while Colombia and Pakistan abstained. The proposal was rejected after the permanent members Russia and China exercised their veto power.
The draft text urged states using commercial maritime routes in the strait to "be strongly encouraged to coordinate their defensive efforts" and called for deterrence against any attempts to close or block navigation.
Following the veto, Bahrain’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, Abdullatif bin Rashid Al Zayani, stated that Iran has "no right" to close the Strait of Hormuz and added that "The Council has failed to fulfill its responsibility to act decisively and without delay in response to this unlawful conduct."
The United States’ Permanent Representative to the UN, Mike Waltz, responded to the veto by declaring: "The Strait of Hormuz is of such vital importance to the world that it cannot be held hostage, choked, or weaponized by any state." Waltz further asserted that the veto does not constrain the United States’ military options against Iran and criticized the positions of Russia and China.
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) also expressed its regret over the failure to adopt the resolution, emphasizing the necessity of keeping the Strait of Hormuz open and preserving freedom of navigation. The statement affirmed that no country should have the power to disrupt global trade or push the world to the brink of an economic crisis. The UAE reiterated its commitment to continuing international efforts to reopen the Strait and to working with partners to ensure the safety of navigation.
In the early hours of 9 April 2026, the Iranian Ports and Maritime Organization issued a new maritime notice targeting vessels planning to transit the Strait of Hormuz. The notice stated that vessels must coordinate with the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy to mitigate the risk of contact with potential sea mines. It further specified that transit through the strait would be conducted under military coordination.
The directive also mandated the use of alternative routes until a further announcement is issued, in the interest of maritime safety. According to this, the entry route into the strait is defined as proceeding northward from the Oman Sea and passing near Larak Island before continuing toward the Persian Gulf. The exit route is defined as beginning in the Persian Gulf, passing south of Larak Island, and proceeding toward the Oman Sea.
On 9 April 2026, Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis stated that Iran’s initiative to implement a toll system in the Strait of Hormuz constitutes an unforeseen development for the international community and described the measure as “unacceptable.” He emphasized that such a system could create serious issues under international maritime law and commercial shipping norms.
The Greek Prime Minister further stressed the need for a new international agreement regarding the Strait of Hormuz and asserted that such an agreement must not include tolls levied on vessels.
On 9 April 2026, South Korean President Lee Jae Myung called for immediate action to ensure the safe return of 26 South Korean vessels and their crews stranded in the Strait of Hormuz following a temporary ceasefire between the United States and Iran. The statement followed a meeting with senior officials and was released to the public.
Lee noted that it was still too early to be optimistic about the outcomes of the two-week ceasefire and underscored the uncertainty of the current situation. In this context, he stated that all diplomatic resources must be mobilized to guarantee the safety of the vessels and their crews.
According to reports in the German press on 9 April 2026, US President Donald Trump is alleged to have given European allies a deadline to provide military support to help secure the Strait of Hormuz. The report by Der Spiegel, citing diplomatic sources, stated that Trump demanded “concrete steps” from European countries, including the deployment of warships or other military assets to the region.
The report also indicated that during a meeting at the White House with Mark Rutte, Trump conveyed this demand to European leaders and emphasized that direct military contributions were expected, not merely political pledges. The demand was described as having the character of an “ultimatum” to European allies.
On the same day, NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte, in a statement regarding a potential mission to the Strait of Hormuz, affirmed that NATO could contribute to such an initiative. Rutte noted that efforts are underway to establish a multinational coalition to uphold the principle of freedom of navigation and that discussions with the United States are ongoing regarding the scope and timing of a possible mission.
Rutte also announced that a military planning process has been initiated involving 34 countries and clarified that the coalition is not limited to NATO members. He confirmed that Japan, South Korea, Australia, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates are also participating in the process. Regarding NATO’s role, he stated: “If NATO can help, then of course it is there.”
On 9 April 2026, Iranian Leader Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei, in a published message, announced that management of the Strait of Hormuz would enter a new phase.
While emphasizing that Iran does not seek war, Khamenei stated that Iran would firmly demand compensation for the material and moral damages suffered. He added: “We will never abandon our legitimate rights. We will elevate the management of the Strait of Hormuz to a new stage.”
Khamenei also stated that Iran views the “resistance front” in the region as a unified whole and addressed regional countries with the message: “You are witnessing a miracle. Therefore, see correctly, understand correctly, and stand in the right place.”
On 10 April 2026, during a telephone conversation between Keir Starmer and Donald Trump, the two-week ceasefire between the US and Iran and developments concerning the Strait of Hormuz were discussed. The UK Prime Minister’s Office stated that Starmer provided information on his contacts aimed at reopening the Strait with leaders of Gulf countries and regional military officials.
During the conversation, it was stated that the ceasefire remains in effect and an agreement has been reached regarding the reopening of the Strait of Hormuz. The two leaders agreed to move forward to the next phase of the resolution process. Both leaders also assessed the need for a practical plan to restart maritime shipping.
US President Donald Trump, 7 April 2026 – (Anadolu Ajansı)
On 10 April 2026, US President Donald Trump commented on reports that Iran is charging fees for oil tankers passing through the Strait of Hormuz via a social media post.
Trump stated, “There are reports that Iran is charging fees for tankers passing through the Strait of Hormuz. It would be better if they were not doing so, but if they are charging, they should stop immediately.”
In another statement made on the same day, Donald Trump argued that Iran is not permitting sufficient passage of oil tankers through the Strait of Hormuz.
In his social media post, Trump said, “Iran is showing a grossly inadequate, even dishonorable, attitude regarding allowing oil to pass through the Strait of Hormuz. This is contrary to our agreement.”
On April 11 2026 articles published by The New York Times alleged that the sea mines placed by Iran in the Strait of Hormuz have not been fully located. According to information attributed to U.S. officials the strait has been closed to maritime traffic due to the inability to precisely determine the locations of these mines.
The report stated that it is uncertain whether the mines laid by Iran were recorded and even if they were some may have been placed in a manner that allows them to drift.
On April 11 2026 U.S. President Donald Trump stated that he expects the Strait of Hormuz to be reopened in the not too distant future. Speaking to NewsNation Trump shared that U.S. and Iranian delegations had begun talks in Islamabad the capital of Pakistan.
Referring to the talks mediated by Pakistan Trump argued that “the system in Iran is collapsing”. He noted that alternative routes for global oil transport are being sought but insisted that the reopening of the strait is still expected. He also stated that if negotiations do not progress as desired the United States is ready to resume military action.
On April 11 2026 the U.S.-based news site Axios claimed that for the first time since the U.S. and Israel launched attacks against Iran U.S. Navy vessels had passed through the Strait of Hormuz. According to information attributed to U.S. officials several U.S. Navy ships had transited the strait and the passage was conducted without coordination with Iran.
Iran’s official statements regarding these claims denied that they reflected reality. According to Iranian media a senior military official stated that the claim that a U.S. destroyer had passed through the Strait of Hormuz was not true. According to information published by Iran’s semi-official Tasnim News Agency the Iranian Armed Forces had warned that any U.S. destroyer attempting to pass through the strait would be targeted within 30 minutes after which the vessel reportedly turned back.
Later that day the Hatemul Enbiya Central Command affiliated with the Iranian Armed Forces issued a statement also denying that any U.S. Navy vessels had entered the Strait of Hormuz. The statement further emphasized that all transit through the strait is fully under the control of the Iranian Armed Forces.
On April 11 2026 CENTCOM announced that mine clearance operations had begun in the Strait of Hormuz. The announcement was made via the command’s social media account on the same day direct talks between the United States and Iran commenced.
The U.S. military statement included the following: “CENTCOM forces began preparations for mine clearance operations in the Strait of Hormuz on April 11 through an operation conducted by two U.S. Navy destroyers.”
The statement also noted that the frigates USS Frank E. Peterson and USS Michael Murphy had passed through the Strait of Hormuz as part of a comprehensive mission to fully clear the mines from the strait and were conducting operations in the Arabian Gulf.
On April 11 2026 direct talks between Iran and the United States held in Islamabad Pakistan were reported to have made the Hormuz Strait the central point of disagreement. According to Iranian media the negotiations stalled over the strait issue with the U.S. side accused of presenting “excessive demands” that blocked progress.
A report by the U.S.-based CNN citing Pakistani sources however stated that the talks had generally proceeded positively but had reached an impasse over control of the Strait of Hormuz. The report also noted that the U.S. demands regarding the strait had previously been labeled by Iran as “unacceptable”.
On the same day U.S. President Donald Trump in his remarks on the talks with Iran stated that the parties were “in very intense negotiations”. While acknowledging uncertainty regarding the outcome Trump also commented on the situation in the strait saying “Perhaps a few mines remain in the strait. We have mine-sweeping ships there. We are clearing them.”
On April 12 2026 the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps announced that any attempt to allow military vessels to pass through the Strait of Hormuz will be met with a strong response. This position was explicitly stated in IRGC Navy’s Statement No. 58 broadcast on Iranian state television.
The statement clarified that transit permission is granted only to civilian vessels within specific rules and denied reports that U.S. warships had passed through the strait. It also confirmed that control of the Strait of Hormuz remains in the hands of the IRGC Navy.
According to data published on April 12 2026 following the effective closure of the Strait of Hormuz after the U.S. and Israel launched attacks against Iran on February 28 maritime oil transport fell below levels seen during the COVID-19 period. A 13.7 percent annual decline was recorded in the “ton-mile” metric for oil transport in March.
Before the conflict an average of 130 vessels passed daily through the strait but this number has since dropped to single-digit levels. This indicates a severe disruption at one of the world’s most critical transit points for global oil and natural gas shipments.
According to the data the most severely affected vessel category were the very large crude carriers known as VLCCs. Their ton-miles declined by 20 percent annually in March and the amount carried per vessel dropped by 27 percent. As of April 8 out of 73 VLCCs in the Inner Persian Gulf 58 were stranded representing 6.3 percent of the global fleet.
In contrast tankers operating on routes not directly dependent on the Strait of Hormuz such as Aframax and Suezmax vessels experienced more limited impacts. The ton-miles of Aframax tankers increased by 7 percent while Suezmax tankers saw only a 1 percent decline. These figures demonstrate that alternative maritime routes remain operational.
Overall the combined transport volume of VLCCs Aframax and Suezmax tankers in March dropped significantly reaching its lowest monthly level since September 2020.
On April 12 2026 Ali Akbar Velayati advisor to Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei referenced the ongoing talks in Islamabad and in a social media post stated that the fundamental goal of Iranian diplomacy is the protection of the country. He added the phrase “The key to the Strait of Hormuz is in our strong hands.”
On April 12 2026 Sultan bin Ahmed al-Jaber Minister of Industry and Advanced Technology of the United Arab Emirates warned that efforts to restrict navigation in the Strait of Hormuz carry serious risks.
In his statement al-Jaber used the phrase “The Strait of Hormuz has never belonged to Iran so it cannot be closed or have its navigation restricted.” He emphasized that these actions are not merely a regional issue but would disrupt one of the main arteries of the global economic system and pose a direct threat to all countries in terms of energy food and health security.
The statement also reported that since February 28 at least 22 vessels have been targeted resulting in the deaths of 10 crew members. Approximately 20 000 seafarers have been stranded and about 800 commercial vessels have had their operations disrupted of which roughly 400 are oil tankers. Al-Jaber warned the international community that such actions are “illegal dangerous and unacceptable”.
On April 12 2026 U.S. President Donald Trump announced following talks with Iran that the U.S. Navy will begin a blockade of all vessels entering or exiting the Strait of Hormuz.
In his social media statement Trump said that during approximately 20 hours of talks Iran had shown no willingness to abandon its nuclear objectives and declared “The United States Navy will immediately begin the process of blockading all vessels attempting to enter or exit the Strait of Hormuz.”
Trump also claimed that Iran had failed to honor its promises to open the strait and stated that he had ordered the U.S. Navy to identify and stop vessels paying transit fees to Iran in international waters. Trump added “No one paying illegal transit fees will have the right to safe passage on the high seas.”
Trump stated that U.S. forces will destroy the mines placed in the strait and emphasized that the blockade will begin shortly and other countries will join this effort. He also stressed that the United States is prepared for any scenario.
On April 12 2026 the Command of the IRGC Navy in its statement on the Strait of Hormuz used the phrase “Any wrong move will trap the enemy in a deadly vortex in the Strait of Hormuz.”
A post on the U.S.-based X platform included footage of the strait showing an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) observing the area. The statement also included the phrase “All traffic is under the control of the armed forces.”
On April 12 2026 U.S. President Donald Trump stated that NATO and Gulf countries would also support the U.S. Navy’s blockade of the Strait of Hormuz. Speaking to Fox News Trump said the Iran talks in Islamabad had ended without an agreement.
Trump said the talks had been intense but failed because Iran refused to abandon its nuclear ambitions. He noted that Gulf countries have provided serious support to the United States and affirmed that these countries will join the blockade in the strait.
The U.S. President also indicated that some NATO countries would participate and suggested that they could contribute to mine-clearing operations. He mentioned that the United Kingdom and other nations could send mine-sweeping vessels.
Trump stated that countries providing military support to Iran could face a 50 percent customs tariff and warned that if Iran does not abandon its nuclear program new military steps could be taken.
On April 12 2026 the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps stated in its announcement that any approach by military vessels to the Strait of Hormuz will be considered a ceasefire violation. This was detailed in Statement No. 59 issued by the IRGC Navy which stated that such actions will be severely punished.
The statement affirmed that the Strait of Hormuz is under Iranian control and that civilian vessels may pass harmlessly if they comply with specific regulations. The statement added “Any military vessel seeking to approach the Strait of Hormuz under any pretext or excuse will be considered a ceasefire violation and severely punished.”
On April 12 2026 Riza Telayi Nik spokesperson for Iran’s Ministry of Defense used the phrase “Control of the Strait of Hormuz will remain in the hands of Iran and the region forever.”
According to Iranian media Telayi Nik argued in his statement that U.S. and Israeli attempts to target Iran’s system had failed and that the process had made Iran stronger. He also added the phrase “During this war the enemy’s most advanced aircraft were damaged and destroyed.”
On April 13 2026 U.S. President Donald Trump stated in his remarks regarding the announced naval blockade of Iranian ports that other countries are also supporting this effort.
Speaking at Joint Base Andrews in Maryland Trump said the blockade would begin at 17:00 Turkey time and declared “Other countries are working to ensure Iran does not sell its oil and this will be very effective.”
In his remarks Trump characterized developments regarding the Strait of Hormuz as “very good” from the U.S. perspective and claimed that the temporary ceasefire with Iran remains in effect. He also claimed that many vessels are now heading to the United States for oil and made assessments regarding the country’s energy capacity.
On April 13 2026 Colonel Ibrahim Zulfikari spokesperson for the Hatemul Enbiya Central Command affiliated with the Iranian Armed Forces stated in response to U.S. threats of a naval blockade that no port in the region would be safe if Iran’s ports are threatened.
Zulfikari affirmed that Iran will continue to ensure security within its territorial waters and declared that no transit permission will be granted to U.S.-Israeli linked vessels through the Strait of Hormuz while other vessels may pass under coordination with the Armed Forces.
Zulfikari labeled the U.S. decision to interfere with Iranian vessels in international waters as “an illegal act and a sign of piracy” and declared “The Iranian Armed Forces clearly and definitively declare that the security of ports in the Persian (Persian Gulf) and Oman Seas will be ensured for everyone or for no one.”
On April 13 2026 Ibrahim Azizi Chairman of the National Security Commission of the Iranian Parliament used the phrase “Perhaps we will reveal our other cards.” in response to the U.S. attempt to blockade the Strait of Hormuz.
Azizi characterized U.S. President Donald Trump’s blockade statements as “unrealistic and a bluff”. He stated that the attempt would be “considered an act of war” and that Iran would respond accordingly.
He added “This attempt is considered an act of war and we will respond. Moreover we can also reveal our other cards not yet played.” Azizi warned that a blockade of the Strait of Hormuz would further complicate the current situation and intensify market volatility.
On April 13 2026 Ali Nikzad Deputy Speaker of the Iranian Parliament announced that the United States had proposed during the Islamabad talks the creation of a legal regime for the Strait of Hormuz involving a U.S. role but that Tehran had rejected this demand.
Nikzad stated that Iran had offered to dilute 430 kilograms of highly enriched uranium as a guarantee regarding its nuclear program but that the process had failed. He also noted that the United States had sought to join Iran’s demand for fees on transit through the Strait of Hormuz but that this demand was not accepted by Iran.
In his statement he quoted “They said ‘Let us create a legal regime for the Strait of Hormuz including Americans.’ Then what is your business in the Strait of Hormuz and the Persian Gulf?’”
On April 13 2026 Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese stated that no request had been made to Australia to join the U.S. blockade plan for the Strait of Hormuz.
In his remarks Albanese said the U.S. decision to block the strait had been “unilateral” and added “We received no request. This decision was announced unilaterally at midnight. We were not asked to join. We received no request we accepted no request.”
Albanese also emphasized the need for the resumption of talks between the United States and Iran and called for an end to loss of life and attacks on infrastructure in the region.
On April 13 2026 foreign ministers of ASEAN member states issued a joint statement calling for the restoration of “safe unimpeded and uninterrupted” transit through the Strait of Hormuz.
The statement emphasized that the transit of vessels and aircraft must be protected under the framework of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and called for the “full and effective” implementation of the ceasefire declared on April 8.
ASEAN countries welcomed the cooperation of parties contributing to the process notably Pakistan’s mediation efforts and urged both the United States and Iran to continue negotiations. The statement also stressed the importance of adherence to international law respect for state sovereignty and the necessity of resolving conflicts through peaceful means.
On April 13 2026 United Kingdom Prime Minister Keir Starmer announced that the United Kingdom does not support the blockade planned by the United States in the Strait of Hormuz. In an interview with BBC Radio 5 Starmer stated that their goal is not to close the strait but to fully reopen it.
Starmer emphasized that the Strait of Hormuz is a critical passage for the global economy and warned that its closure would lead to higher energy prices. He added “We are working with our allies to open the strait not to close it. We do not support the blockade.”
Starmer affirmed that the United Kingdom is not a direct party to this escalation and stressed that the country will not be drawn into war. He also stated that military participation would only be possible if it is based on a legal foundation and a clear plan.
On April 13 2026 Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesperson Guo Ciakun stated in response to disruptions in shipping through the Strait of Hormuz that stable safe and unimpeded transit through the strait is in the common interest of the international community.
Guo emphasized that the Strait of Hormuz is a critical route for international trade in goods and energy and used the phrase “Stable safe and unimpeded transit through the Strait of Hormuz is in the common interest of the international community.” He noted that the root cause of the current disruptions is the conflict in Iran and that the solution lies in ending hostilities through a ceasefire.
The Chinese spokesperson acknowledged the importance of the talks mediated by Pakistan in reducing tensions and called on all parties to adhere to the ceasefire maintain calm and pursue diplomatic solutions. He also emphasized that China is ready to cooperate with all parties to ensure its energy security and the continuity of its supply chains.
On April 13 2026 German Government Spokesperson Stefan Kornelius stated that Germany views the U.S. blockade plan targeting the Strait of Hormuz as a move to increase pressure on Iran.
Kornelius said in his statement “The Strait of Hormuz or as you call it the so-called blockade does not signify the end of this diplomatic process. We interpret this as a move to increase pressure.” He also pointed out that according to CENTCOM’s announcement the measure is not directly aimed at the strait but has the character of a blockade targeting Iranian ports.
Kornelius noted that Germany continues to use diplomatic channels to reduce tensions and emphasized that any potential military contribution would only be possible with international authorization and parliamentary approval.
On April 13 2026 UKMTO announced that it had received notification that maritime access restrictions covering Iranian ports and coastal areas have come into effect under the U.S. blockade decision.
The warning notice issued by UKMTO stated that the scope of these restrictions includes “All vessels regardless of flag engaged in activities connected to Iranian ports oil terminals or coastal facilities.”
The statement further clarified that these restrictions are not limited to the Strait of Hormuz but are being applied to encompass Iran’s entire coastline ports and energy infrastructure. UKMTO’s assessment noted “The restrictions are being applied to encompass Iran’s entire coastline ports and energy infrastructure.”
Regarding transit the statement noted “Transits from the Strait of Hormuz to destinations outside Iran are not directly affected by these measures.” However it was noted that vessels may encounter military presence directed communications or visitation procedures during passage.
In its advisory to mariners UKMTO strongly recommended that “Vessels approaching the Strait of Hormuz and operating in the Gulf of Oman and surrounding waters maintain the highest level of situational awareness ensure maximum bridge preparedness and exercise due caution in ship-to-ship communications.”
Following attacks launched by the United States and Israel against Iran on 28 February 2026 tensions in the region escalated. Iranian media claimed the Strait of Hormuz had been effectively closed and on 2 March the Iranian Revolutionary Guard announced the closure of passage. As security risks increased the transit of oil tankers came to a halt and hundreds of ships began waiting on both sides of the strait. Shipping companies suspended their voyages and insurance companies canceled their war risk coverage.
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March 5, 2026
The Strategic and Economic Importance of the Hormuz Strait
March 5, 2026
The Beginning of the Crisis (28 February 2026)
March 5, 2026
Initial Decisions by Shipping Companies
March 5, 2026
Developments on 1 March 2026
March 5, 2026
Developments on 2 March 2026
March 5, 2026
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Closes the Hormuz Strait
March 5, 2026
Developments on 3 March 2026
March 5, 2026
Developments on 4–5 March 2026
March 11, 2026
Developments on March 6, 2026
March 11, 2026
Developments on March 7, 2026
March 11, 2026
Developments on March 9, 2026
March 11, 2026
Developments on March 10, 2026
March 11, 2026
Developments on 11 March 2026
March 12, 2026
Developments on 12 March 2026
March 12, 2026
First Message and Statement on the Strait of Hormuz by Iran’s New Leader, Mucteba Hosseini Khamenei (12 March 2026)
March 16, 2026
Developments as of March 13, 2026
March 16, 2026
Disruption of Trade in the Strait of Hormuz and Force Majeure Declarations on a Global Scale
March 16, 2026
Vessel Transits Through the Strait of Hormuz (March 1–11, 2026)
March 16, 2026
Developments as of March 14, 2026
March 16, 2026
Developments in Global Energy Prices (February 28 – March 14, 2026)
March 17, 2026
Developments as of 15 March 2026
March 17, 2026
Trump’s Call for International Support for the Strait of Hormuz and Countries’ Responses (15–16 March 2026)
March 17, 2026
Developments as of 16 March 2026
March 17, 2026
Developments on 17–18 March
March 24, 2026
Developments as of 15 March 2026
March 24, 2026
Trump’s Call for International Support for the Strait of Hormuz and Countries’ Responses (15–16 March 2026)
March 24, 2026
Developments as of 16 March 2026
March 24, 2026
Developments as of 17–18 March 2026
March 24, 2026
Developments as of 19–20 March 2026
March 24, 2026
Developments as of 21 March 2026
March 24, 2026
Iranian Parliament’s Preparation of a Law on Charging Transit Fees for the Strait of Hormuz (21 March 2026)
March 24, 2026
Increase in the Number of Countries Joining the Joint Statement on the Strait of Hormuz (21 March 2026)
March 25, 2026
The Strategic and Economic Importance of the Hormuz Strait
March 25, 2026
The Onset of the Crisis (28 February 2026)
March 25, 2026
Initial Decisions by Shipping Companies
March 25, 2026
Developments on 1 March 2026
March 25, 2026
Developments on 2 March 2026
March 25, 2026
Iran Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Closes the Hormuz Strait
March 25, 2026
Developments on 3 March 2026
March 25, 2026
Developments on 4–5 March 2026
March 30, 2026
Developments as of 26 March 2026
March 30, 2026
Developments as of 27 March 2026
March 31, 2026
Developments as of 28–29 March 2026
March 31, 2026
Supply Crisis in the Global Fertilizer Market and Risk to Food Security (29 March 2026)
March 31, 2026
Developments as of 30 March 2026
March 31, 2026
Developments as of 31 March 2026
March 31, 2026
Iranian Parliament’s Proposal on Tolling the Strait of Hormuz (31 March 2026)
March 31, 2026
Donald Trump’s Statements on the Strait of Hormuz Crisis, Energy Supply, and International Responsibility (31 March 2026)
April 4, 2026
Developments as of 1 April 2026
April 4, 2026
Maritime Trade and Global Impacts at the Strait of Hormuz
April 4, 2026
Developments as of 2 April 2026
April 4, 2026
Global Energy Supply Crisis and Conservation Policies (as of 2 April)
April 4, 2026
Diplomatic Statements and International Reactions (2 April 2026)
April 4, 2026
London Summit on the Strait of Hormuz and International Coordination Decisions (2 April 2026)
April 4, 2026
Maritime Security and Humanitarian Corridor Initiatives (2 April 2026)
April 6, 2026
Developments as of 1 April 2026
April 6, 2026
Maritime Trade and Global Impacts in the Strait of Hormuz
April 6, 2026
Developments as of 2 April 2026
April 6, 2026
Global Energy Supply Crisis and Conservation Policies (as of 2 April)
April 6, 2026
Diplomatic Statements and International Reactions (2 April 2026)
April 6, 2026
London Summit on the Strait of Hormuz and International Coordination Decisions (2 April 2026)
April 6, 2026
Maritime Security and Humanitarian Corridor Initiatives (2 April 2026)
April 6, 2026
Developments as of 3 April 2026
April 6, 2026
Price Volatility in Global Energy Markets (as of 4 April)
April 6, 2026
Developments as of 4 April 2026
April 7, 2026
Developments as of 5 April 2026
April 7, 2026
Developments as of 6 April 2026
April 9, 2026
Developments as of 7 April 2026
April 9, 2026
Veto of the Strait of Hormuz Resolution Proposal at the UN Security Council and International Reactions (7 April 2026)
April 9, 2026
Developments as of 9 April 2026
April 10, 2026
Developments on 10 April 2026
April 13, 2026
Developments on April 11 2026
April 13, 2026
Hormuz Strait Dispute in the Islamabad Talks (April 11 2026)
April 13, 2026
Developments on April 12 2026
April 13, 2026
U.S. Decision to Impose a Naval Blockade on the Strait of Hormuz (April 12 2026)
April 13, 2026
Developments on April 13 2026
April 13, 2026
International Reactions and Diplomatic Statements (April 13 2026)
April 13, 2026
UKMTO Warning on Access Restrictions to the Strait of Hormuz and Iranian Coasts (April 13 2026)