Iran Protests (December 2025) are a series of economic-based protests and demonstrations that began on 28 December 2025 following a record depreciation of Iran’s national currency, the rial, against the US dollar, and spread across various cities of the country, primarily Tehran, between 28–31 December 2025. The protests initially started with shopkeepers and merchants closing their businesses and shutting their shutters. In the following days, they expanded to include participation from university students and groups in different urban centers.

Economic Background

In the final days of December 2025, the exchange rate of the Iranian rial against the US dollar reached unprecedented levels. On the day the protests began, the rial was trading at approximately 1.42 million rials per US dollar.

Official statistics for December 2025 reported an annual inflation rate of 42.2%. During the same period, food prices rose by 72% compared to the same month of the previous year, while prices for health and medical products increased by 50%. It was also reported that the inflation rate had risen by 1.8 percentage points compared to November 2025. During the initial phase of the protests, some merchants were reported to have temporarily suspended commercial activities.

In September 2025, certain United Nations sanctions previously lifted were reinstated in Iran. These sanctions apply to areas including banking operations, foreign trade, and foreign exchange transactions.

Beginning of the Protests

The protests began on 28 December 2025 in the capital due to a rapid increase in foreign exchange rates and worsening economic conditions. The initial demonstrations expressed public frustration over the currency’s depreciation and deteriorating living conditions.

On 29 December 2025, protests became visibly evident in commercial areas. It was reported that businesses around the Grand Bazaar and its surroundings, as well as technology and mobile phone sales centers in the Jomhouri district, had shut their shutters. Alongside merchant strikes, crowds in some areas were dispersed by security forces.

On 28–29 December 2025, it was reported that rapid response units and specialized security forces were deployed in areas where protests intensified.

Spread of the Protests

On 30 December 2025, protests expanded to various neighborhoods and streets across Tehran. Demonstrations were reported in multiple areas, including Shush, Javadiyeh, Mellat Street, and the vicinity of the Grand Bazaar. On the same day, merchants kept their shops closed and public gatherings continued on the streets. It was reported that security forces had implemented intensive precautions along Tehran’s main arteries and commercial centers.

On the third day of the protests, it was confirmed that demonstrations were no longer confined to the capital. As of 30 December 2025, protests and gatherings were verified in cities including Isfahan, Shiraz, Mashhad, Kermanshah, Yazd, Zanjan, Hamedan, Karaj, Malard, and Kashan. In some cities, marches were held on main avenues, while in other areas, security forces intervened to disperse crowds. On 31 December 2025, it was reported that protests continued in many cities.

Universities and Student Protests

On 30 December 2025, protests extended to university campuses in the capital. Students from Tehran University, Sharif University of Technology, Khaje Nasir al-Din Tusi University, Shahid Beheshti University, Amirkabir University, Iran University of Science and Technology, Allameh Tabataba’i University, and University of Science and Culture organized marches and protests. Gatherings occurred within and around university campuses, and brief tensions were reported between students and security personnel at some institutions.

On the same day, it was reported that protests had also spread to universities outside the capital. Sources confirmed that students from Isfahan University of Technology and Yazd University participated in the demonstrations. Students at these universities were reported to have held marches on campus and chanted various slogans.

Government and Official Statements

On 29–30 December 2025, in response to the ongoing protests, official statements were issued by Iran’s executive, legislative, and judicial branches.

Massoud Pezeshkian, in his statements regarding the protests, emphasized the public’s living conditions. Pezeshkian stated, “The people’s livelihood is my daily concern,” and announced that he had tasked the Minister of Interior with listening to protesters’ legitimate demands through dialogue with their representatives: “The government will act with full force to resolve problems and respond responsibly.” He also indicated that the government had placed reforms in the monetary and banking system and measures to protect the public’s purchasing power on its agenda.

Iran Government Spokesperson Fatemeh Mousavi, during a press conference on 30 December 2025, addressed the protests by saying, “We see, hear, and officially acknowledge the protests, their hardships, and crises.” Mousavi added, “Even if voices are loud, the government will listen patiently, because we believe our people have shown sufficient patience.”

Speaker of the Iranian Parliament Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, in a speech in the parliament, referred to the protests and asserted that malicious actors were attempting to transform public demands into violence and chaos. Ghalibaf stressed that public grievances regarding living conditions must be addressed with a sense of responsibility.

Spokesperson for the Judiciary, Asgar Jangir, in his statement on the protests, emphasized the need to avoid actions that could provide a pretext for exploitation by enemies, and called for demands to be expressed through legal channels and accompanied by concrete solutions. Jangir noted that unauthorized street protests lack legal standing.

Administrative Measures and Official Holiday Decisions

During the period of protests, on 30 December 2025, official announcements declared a public holiday in 21 provinces of Iran due to severe cold weather conditions. According to information cited by Fars News Agency, provincial authorities announced that on Wednesday, 31 December 2025, schools, universities, banks, and certain government institutions would be closed.

The provinces declared on holiday were: Tehran, Hamedan, Qom, Alborz, Markazi, Yazd, Lorestan, North Khorasan, Razavi Khorasan, Kermanshah, Kurdistan, Ardabil, Zanjan, Ilam, Kerman, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Fars, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, East Azerbaijan, Mazandaran, and Gilan. It was also reported in the same sources that Iran has a total of 31 provinces.

According to the announcements, educational institutions, higher education establishments, banks, and various public offices suspended operations for one day under the official holiday. During the same period, it was reported that protests continued in the capital Tehran and some provincial centers, with security forces maintaining intensive precautions and continuing measures aimed at preserving public order.

Iran Protests are a wave of demonstrations that began on December 28, 2025 in Tehran in response to a currency crisis and rising cost of living, quickly spreading across the country. The protests were triggered by the Iranian rial’s decline to 1,390,000 rials against the US dollar, high inflation, rising unemployment, and the economic hardship caused by international sanctions.

Protests began on 28 December 2025 with shopkeepers closing their stores in the Tehran Grand (Covered) Bazaar and soon spread to all 31 provinces and hundreds of cities in the following days. The demonstrations included not only economic demands but also expressions of discontent over social conditions, communication restrictions, and state policies.

According to the latest report published by the US-based Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA) on 21 January 2026, 4,519 people lost their lives and 26,314 were arrested nationwide during the events. Ibrahim Azizi, Chairman of the National Security and Foreign Policy Commission of the Iranian Parliament, stated on 19 January 2026 that more than 3,700 police officers were injured during the protests.

During the protests, public buildings, bank branches, buses, mosques, and hospitals in many cities—including Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Tabriz, Kermanshah, and Shiraz—suffered damage. The Iranian government declared a three-day national mourning period on 11 January 2026 due to losses among security forces. During the same period, internet access was blocked and social media and communication networks were restricted. As of 19 January 2026, the protests had largely ended and internet restrictions were lifted.

Background and General Framework of the Protests

The protests in Iran began on 28 December 2025 in the Bazaar, Jomhuri, and Saadi districts of Tehran and rapidly spread nationwide. The initial actions, started by shopkeepers closing their stores, were joined in the following days by university students, workers, teachers, retirees, and individuals from various professional groups.

The demonstrations emerged against the backdrop of a deepening economic crisis throughout 2025, high inflation, and the rapid depreciation of the Iranian rial. By the final week of December 2025, the rial had fallen to 1.42 million against the US dollar, compared to approximately 820,000 during the same period a year earlier. According to official data, inflation in December 2025 rose to 42.2%, food prices increased by 72% compared to the previous year, and healthcare and medical product prices rose by 50%. Iranian officials attributed the cause of the protests to “economic pressures, inflation, and currency fluctuations.”

President Masoud Pezeshkian, in a speech before the Parliament on 28 December 2025, highlighted budgetary imbalances and posed this question to lawmakers: “They tell me I impose too many taxes and that I must raise salaries. So tell me, where can I find this money?” In another statement on 30 December 2025, Pezeshkian said he had “ordered the Minister of Interior to engage in dialogue with representatives of the protesters and listen to their legitimate demands.” The government, in a statement on On the third day of the protests, acknowledged “We see, hear, and officially recognize the protests, crises, and difficulties.” Despite these statements, the protests did not subside, and security measures were intensified in many cities, especially in Tehran.

The protests quickly spread beyond Tehran to cities such as Isfahan, Shiraz, Mashhad, Kermanshah, Yazd, Hamadan, Karaj, and Zanjan, where demonstrations were held. In the following days, fatalities occurred, and in some areas, armed clashes broke out between security forces and protesters.

Factors deepening the economic crisis included "US and Western sanctions, nuclear sanctions reimposed by the United Nations in September 2025, energy crisis, severe water shortages, and infrastructure deficiencies." It was reported that dams supplying water to major cities, including the capital Tehran, were “nearly empty.” Iranian state media attributed the economic problems to “sanctions and currency depreciation” and emphasized that the protests were limited to economic demands.

President Pezeshkian announced plans for sweeping reforms in the monetary and banking system to address the economic crisis. In a social media statement, he said: “We have major steps on our agenda to reform the monetary and banking system and protect the public’s purchasing power.”

Beginning of the Protests (28–29 December 2025)

The protests in Iran began on 28 December 2025 in the capital Tehran. The initial actions were launched by mobile phone vendors and shopkeepers in commercial areas around Republic Avenue and the Tehran Grand Bazaar. The trigger was the rapid depreciation of the Iranian rial and instability in foreign exchange rates. Shopkeepers stated they could no longer conduct business due to rising prices.

These actions, which began in Tehran’s commercial districts, spread toward the city center within the day. Security forces used tear gas to disperse crowds. Numerous individuals were arrested during the events. Slogans chanted during the protests included “Work, bread, justice” and “Do not fear, we are together.” After the protests began, security forces were deployed in central Tehran to disperse crowds. That evening, videos shared on social media showed large numbers of protesters gathered at Ferdowsi Square and surrounding areas. Tehran police intervened, and clashes occurred in some districts. Iranian Government Spokesperson Fatemeh Mohajerani stated during this period: “We are monitoring, listening to, and officially recognizing the protests, crises, and difficulties.”

On 29 December 2025, demonstrations began spreading beyond Tehran. On the same day, similar actions took place in cities such as Isfahan, Yazd, Kermanshah, and Hamadan. The protests continued with road closures and mass store shutdowns in some areas.

On the second day of protests, state television and local news agencies provided limited coverage. However, videos shared on social media showed large crowds in central Tehran chanting slogans and confronting security forces. Fars News Agency reported the developments as: “Some protesters began throwing stones at provincial governorates, mosques, the Martyrs Foundation, municipal buildings, and banks.” In response, security forces increased patrols around Tehran and the bazaar area. Iranian police announced that some individuals involved in the incidents had been identified as “ringleaders” and arrested.

Spread of Protests and Fatalities (30 December 2025 – 1 January 2026)

As of 30 December 2025, protests had spread beyond Tehran. Demonstrations were reported in provinces including Isfahan, Yazd, Kermanshah, Shiraz, Hamadan, Lorestan, Ilam, and Fars. The events grew as different segments of society joined following the commercial strikes in Tehran.

Iran’s official news agency IRNA reported that the protests began as “peaceful demonstrations,” but in some areas, “incidents violating public order” occurred. Judicial Authority of Iran Spokesperson Asgar Jahanpour called on the public to “exercise moderation” and stated: “Street protests conducted without legal permits have no legal standing. The legitimacy of a protest is only possible if conducted within the rules and permits prescribed by law. I urge citizens to exercise moderation and common sense.”

The first fatalities occurred on December 31, 2025. The provincial authorities confirmed the deaths of a young entrepreneur and a security officer in the city of Hamadan. Deputy Political and Security Official of the province, Hamzeh Amraei, stated regarding the incident: “This death is ‘suspicious’ and was carried out by ‘hostile elements’ to portray Iranian authorities negatively in the media.”

During the same period, it was reported that a 17-year-old youth was shot and killed in the city of Qom. Senior security official Morteza Heydari used the term “hostile elements” in reference to the incident: “A 17-year-old child was shot and killed... hostile elements are behind this incident.”

In Malekshahi district of Ilam province, a member of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard

General Progress of the Protests and Situation as of January 5

Iran’s economic protests, which began on December 28 2025 at the Tehran Covered Bazaar, have entered their ninth day as of January 5 2026. According to a report published by the Iran Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA), the protests have spread to 27 of the country’s 31 provinces and have occurred at a total of 257 different locations. The primary cause of the protests has been reported as the sharp depreciation of the Iranian rial against the US dollar and the resulting rise in the cost of living. The Iranian currency has depreciated to 1.39 million rials per US dollar.

According to HRANA’s January 5 update, a total of 29 people have been killed in the protests, including 27 protesters and 2 members of security forces. The number of injured has been reported as 64, and 1203 people have been arrested. The report indicates that most injuries were caused by plastic and pellet bullets. The Fars News Agency reported that 250 police officers and 45 Basij militiamen among the security forces were wounded.

Iranian authorities have not released any official figures regarding deaths or injuries. The protests have been reported to have spread beyond Tehran, particularly intensifying in the western regions of the country. In Tehran, protests have partially decreased in recent days, but demonstrations continue in other major cities. Most of the actions in the capital have taken place in the northeastern and northwestern districts of the city.

The HRANA report states that students, workers, and civilians aged between 16 and 45 have participated in the protests. It also reports that protests have been organized at 17 universities and that university communities have engaged in solidarity actions.

Statements by Iranian Judicial and Security Institutions

Statements by Head of the Judiciary Gholam-Hossein Mohseni Ejei

Head of the Iranian Judiciary Gholam-Hossein Mohseni Ejei, in a statement on January 5 2026, declared that “no leniency will be shown” toward the protesters. Ejei stated that “those causing chaos and inciting unrest will be firmly punished within the framework of the law.”

Ejei affirmed that the government is open to listening to protesters who voice economic and social demands, but emphasized that legal proceedings against “those causing chaos and inciting unrest” will be expedited. He also alleged that the United States and Israel have “openly and clearly supported the unrest.”

In directives to judicial authorities, Ejei instructed that cases involving individuals armed with weapons or accused of other crimes during the protests must be “promptly and thoroughly examined and completed by prosecutors.” In this regard, provincial chief prosecutors have been ordered to establish special court divisions for these cases.

Statements by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and Security Institutions

The IRGC Lorestan Command, in a written statement on January 5, declared that the “period of leniency has ended” toward those participating in the protests. The statement read: “The period of leniency has ended in light of damage to public property and private vehicles of citizens, the clear use of military weapons, and attempts to carry out projects aimed at causing death.”

In the statement, protesters were labeled as “agents of enemy states,” and it was asserted that “the instigators, organizers, and leaders of these anti-security movements will receive the punishment they deserve under the law and as swiftly as possible. All principal and operational elements of these conspiracies will be identified and apprehended down to the last individual.”

Statements by the Police Organization

Head of the Iranian Police Organization Ahmad Reza Radan stated that the protests initially emerged from economic demands but later transformed into “street chaos.” Radan announced that in the past two days, individuals identified as “chaos leaders”—particularly those directing crowds via social media—had been arrested.

According to Radan, the majority of those arrested were young people who were released after warnings. However, he clarified that “those leading the protests remain in custody,” indicating that organizers are still being held.

Reactions by Senior Iranian Officials

Statements by Speaker of the Parliament Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf

Speaker of the Iranian Parliament Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, in a speech during an open session of the parliament on January 5 2026, stated that the people’s demands arising from economic hardship must be taken into account. However, Ghalibaf asserted that “foreign intelligence-linked elements attempting to hijack the protests must be firmly punished.”

Statements by Ministry of Foreign Affairs Spokesperson Ismail Baghai

Ministry of Foreign Affairs Spokesperson Ismail Baghai, during a weekly press briefing on January 5 2026, addressed the influence of Israel and the United States on the protests. Baghai stated that “Israel takes every opportunity to create division within Iran.” The spokesperson also characterized foreign officials’ statements regarding the protests as “statements inciting violence, terrorism, and murder.”

Statements by Chief of Staff of the Iranian Armed Forces General Abdolrahim Mousavi

Chief of Staff of the Iranian Armed Forces General Abdolrahim Mousavi, in a statement on January 5 2026, asserted that the ongoing protests in the country are “part of a soft war aimed at destabilizing the nation.” Mousavi stated that these actions are part of a “soft war” strategy conducted by the United States and Israel.

Statements by National Security Council Member Ali Larizadeh

Senior Iranian security official Ali Larizadeh, in a statement on January 5 2026, responded to U.S. comments regarding the events in Iran. Larizadeh warned that U.S. interference in Iran “would destabilize the Middle East and harm American interests.”

International Reactions and United Nations Statements

United Nations (UN) Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, on January 5 2026, expressed “deep sorrow over the loss of life and injuries” resulting from the protests in Iran. UN Spokesperson Stéphane Dujarric, in a press briefing in New York on behalf of the Secretary-General, stated that the UN “deeply regrets the loss of life and injuries resulting from clashes between security forces and demonstrators.”

Guterres urged Iranian authorities to “respect freedom of expression, the right to assembly, and the right to peaceful protest.” He added that “every individual must be allowed to protest peacefully and voice their grievances.”

The statement emphasized the “importance of all actors in Iran and the region avoiding actions that could escalate tensions or lead to instability.”

General Course of Protests (6–7 January 2026)

On 6–7 January 2026, protests across Iran against economic grievances continued in numerous cities.

Ilam and Malikshahi Incidents

On 6 January 2026, in the city of Malikshahi in Ilam Province, violent clashes erupted between security forces and protesters. The unrest began following the funeral of two individuals who died on 4 January at the Imam Hussein Cemetery. After the funeral, a group of approximately 100 people began protesting with slogans and set fire to three bank buildings. During the clashes, two police officers were injured and one person was killed. On the same day in the same region, a police officer was fatally shot in an armed attack. The officer was wounded by direct gunfire during the Malikshahi protests and later died in the hospital to which he was transported.

Following the Saturday funeral in Malikshahi, armed protesters were reported to have continued demonstrations in the streets, chanting anti-government slogans. In the same incidents, three police officers were injured. New disturbances occurred around the hospital where the wounded were taken. In a hospital in the center of Ilam city, clashes between security forces and protesters disrupted healthcare services. According to local media, the unrest spread from the hospital building to surrounding streets.

President Masoud Pezeshkian ordered a “comprehensive investigation” into the events in Ilam. In response, a delegation from the Ministry of Interior was dispatched to the region. Additionally, Health Minister Mohammad Reza Zafarghandi launched a separate administrative inquiry into the incidents at the hospital.

Ilam city has been reported as one of the areas with the most intense protests in recent days. During the protests in the city, public buildings and infrastructure facilities were targeted, and damage was reported at several police stations.

Deaths, Injuries and Arrests

As of 6 January 2026, the number of deaths, injuries and arrests related to protests in Iran has increased. The Iran Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA), in its report, stated that 36 people have died in the protests, of whom 34 were demonstrators and 2 were security personnel. The report noted that protests occurred in 27 of 31 provinces, at a total of 285 locations, and that 2,076 people were arrested.

The majority of injuries were recorded as resulting from rubber and plastic bullets. According to HRANA data, tens of people were injured in the clashes. Iranian authorities have not issued an official statement regarding the dead or wounded. The semi-official Tasnim News Agency provided detailed figures on injuries to security forces as of 6 January. According to Tasnim, 568 police officers and 66 members of the Basij volunteer militia were injured during the protests. Tasnim reported that the injuries included two caused by live ammunition, 152 by shotgun pellets, and 11 by stabbings.

Head of Iran’s Judiciary, Gholamhossein Mohseni-Ejei, emphasized the importance of building cases against “provocateurs” involved in the protests. Ejei stated, “This will enable judicial proceedings to proceed more swiftly. The rapid prosecution of provocateurs involved in the incidents is a priority.”

Ejei also urged prosecutors and judges to strictly adhere to the law and to consider deterrent punishments. These remarks were interpreted as a signal that the judicial process for those arrested in the protests would be accelerated.

Monthly Food Credit Support Program

On 4 January 2026, President Masoud Pezeshkian announced that under the new budget, subsidized import exchange rates would be abolished, but that the resources generated from this measure would be used to support the population’s basic food needs.

The Iranian government decided to provide citizens with a digital credit of 10 million rials (approximately 7 US dollars) per month to alleviate economic pressure. Government spokesperson Fatemeh Mohajerani stated on state television: “Individuals will receive a monthly amount of one million toman per person into their accounts for four months”.

The program has been reported to cover the entire population and can only be used to purchase specific goods. The announcement also clarified that the purpose of the aid is to “reduce economic pressure on the public”.

Statements by Judiciary and Security Institutions (6–7 January 2026)

On 6 January 2026, Head of Iran’s Judiciary Gholamhossein Mohseni-Ejei announced during a meeting with security officials that a “rapid trial” process would be initiated for those arrested during the protests. Ejei requested that security units pay close attention to preparing files on “provocateurs”, emphasizing the importance of complete and accurate documentation to expedite judicial proceedings.

Ejei stated, “This will enable judicial proceedings to proceed more swiftly. The rapid prosecution of provocateurs involved in the incidents is a priority.”

In the same statement, Ejei underscored that prosecutors and judges must strictly comply with the law, adding, “Prosecutors and judges have been instructed to adhere to the law and consider deterrent punishments.” Ejei also issued orders that no delays or irregularities be permitted during investigations and trials. Following Ejei’s announcement, it was reported that Iran’s security forces would coordinate closely with the judiciary and begin implementing rapid trial procedures for detainees.

On the same date, Head of Judiciary Gholamhüseyin Mohseni-Ejei also declared, “This time we will show no mercy to the insurgents.”

Statements by U.S. Senator Lindsey Graham

On 7 January 2026, U.S. Senator Lindsey Graham made remarks on Fox News regarding the protests in Iran and the response by security forces. Graham addressed the Iranian leadership, saying, “Ayatollahs, you need to understand this—if you continue killing your people who are demanding a better life, Donald J. Trump will kill you.”

In the same remarks, Graham referred to the current situation in Iran, stating, “Change is coming to Iran” and “to free yourselves from this Nazi regime.” He also addressed the Iranian people directly, saying, “The Iranian people, help is on the way.”

Developments as of January 8, 2026

In Iran, economic-based protests that began at the end of December 2025 have reached their 12th day as of January 8, 2026. The Iran Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA) has reported that protests are ongoing in all 31 provinces of the country. According to HRANA data, demonstrations have occurred at 348 different locations, resulting in the deaths of a total of 42 people, including 34 protesters and 8 security personnel. The agency also reported that 2,277 individuals were arrested during the 12-day period and that many others were injured.

The protests, which began over economic grievances, have spread to various cities across the country. Actions that started at Tehran’s Grand Bazaar quickly spread to cities such as Abadan, Tabriz, Shiraz, Kermanshah, Rasht, Borujerd, Kahriz, and Sistan-Baluchistan. The governor’s office in Gorgan was set on fire, and footage emerged showing protesters in Tehran setting police vehicles ablaze near the Settar Han Bridge. Two mosques in Tehran’s Gholhak and Sa’dat Abad neighborhoods were also set on fire. According to data from the Tesnim News Agency, a total of 568 police officers and 66 Basij members were injured during the demonstrations.

Statement by the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs

On January 8, 2026, the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a written statement accusing the United States of “interfering in Iran’s internal affairs.” The statement declared that “the United States harbors hostility toward the Iranian people.”

The same statement referenced the Iranian Constitution, asserting that “peaceful protests are officially recognized and efforts are being made to address legitimate demands within the legal framework.”

The Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs accused the United States of inciting violence and terrorism through “economic and psychological warfare” by spreading misinformation. The Iranian government further emphasized that the country’s economic problems are a “consequence of U.S. sanctions.”

Communication Disruptions and Internet Shutdown

London-based internet monitoring organization NetBlocks reported on January 8, 2026, that internet access had been cut across the entire country of Iran. The organization stated that “live measurements show Iran is currently in the midst of a nationwide internet blackout.” Shortly after NetBlocks’ announcement, it was reported that telephone services had also been suspended nationwide.

It was confirmed that the internet disruptions were effective at the national level and in all provinces. In an assessment published on the morning of January 9, NetBlocks reported that Iran had been offline for 12 consecutive hours. The Iranian Students News Agency (ISNA), based on social media posts and user feedback, announced that serious disruptions and slowdowns in internet access had occurred nationwide.

According to network analytics data shared by Cloudflare, there have been “notable fluctuations” in Iran’s internet traffic. The data showed that internet usage volume had “fallen below normal levels” during certain time periods and recorded “sudden, short-term declines.”

The ISNA report noted that users experienced inconsistent connectivity and degraded service quality at different times of the day, and that the disruptions were not confined to any single region. According to NetBlocks and media sources, on the evening of the 12th day, widespread protests erupted in all provinces, and internet and telephone services were simultaneously cut off.

Donald Trump’s Statements and the U.S. Administration’s Stance

U.S. President Donald Trump made statements on January 8, 2026, regarding the ongoing protests in Iran. Trump stated that if the Iranian authorities killed protesters, Washington would “strike Iran very hard.” Appearing on the radio program The Hugh Hewitt Show, Trump assessed the situation in Iran, noting that “very large crowds have gathered and chaos has erupted.” While acknowledging that deaths had occurred during the protests, Trump did not offer a clear assessment of responsibility.

Trump used the following words on the program: “They are in a very bad situation. I also told them: If they start killing people—which they tend to do during uprisings, as they frequently instigate revolts—if they do this, we will strike them very hard.”

On the same day, U.S. President Donald Trump shared a video on the social media platform Truth Social regarding the protests in Iran. The video was produced by the Israeli-based Channel 13 Television. Trump used the following caption when sharing the video: “More than a million people took to the streets: Iran’s second largest city has fallen under the control of protesters, and regime forces have abandoned the city.”

The video included the statement: “The number of participants in the protests in Mashhad, Iran’s second largest city, exceeded one million.”

Statements by U.S. Vice President JD Vance

On January 8, 2026, U.S. Vice President JD Vance made statements regarding the protests in Iran during a press briefing at the White House. Vance stated that they had been closely monitoring the ongoing demonstrations in Iran. He said: “We support everyone who participates in peaceful protests and exercises their right to organize freely and make their voices heard.”

During the press briefing, Vance noted that the Iranian government has “many problems” and advised Tehran to sit down with the United States to discuss its nuclear program. He added that any steps the United States might take against Iran are “at the discretion of President Donald Trump.” Vance also stated: “We stand with everyone defending their rights around the world, including the Iranian people.”

Violent Actions

On the night of January 8, 2026, the ongoing protests across Iran turned into violent actions. According to reports, the events that continued into the morning of January 9 occurred following appeals by Riza Pahlavi, whose father fled the country before the 1979 Revolution, and by separatist groups.

Violent incidents occurred during demonstrations in several cities, including Tehran. Videos shared on social media showed disorganized groups, some armed and masked, attacking and destroying private vehicles, motorcycles, metro stations, banks, fire trucks, and buses.

According to local sources, several municipal buses in the capital Tehran were set on fire by these groups. Iran’s state television reported that as a result of these incidents, casualties occurred in several cities and many people were injured. Details regarding the incidents and the identities of the groups responsible for the attacks remain unknown, although it was reported that security forces have increased their measures in affected areas.

Damage to Public and Private Property in Tehran

During the events in Tehran on the night of January 8, numerous public and private buildings were targeted by some protest groups. Tehran Mayor Ali Reza Zakani stated in a declaration that “protesters destroyed buses, fire trucks, 42 vehicles, 24 homes, 25 mosques, 2 hospitals, and 26 banks, among other public facilities.”

In his statement, Zakani also claimed that “foreign enemies are using Tehran’s children and youth to damage public property.”

In the events that erupted in Iran’s capital Tehran, it was reported that numerous buses and ambulances, along with 24 homes, 25 mosques, 2 hospitals, and 26 banks, were set on fire. These incidents demonstrated that widespread damage had been inflicted on public and private property.

Iranian state television reported that during the nationwide events on the night of January 8, casualties and numerous injuries occurred. Videos shared on national media and social media platforms showed armed and masked groups attacking metro stations, public buildings, banks, and vehicles.

Death of Prosecutor Ali Akbar Hozeyinzadeh in North Khorasan

During protests on the night of January 8 in the city of Esfarayen, located in North Khorasan province, a prosecutor lost his life. The North Khorasan Prosecutor’s Office stated that “provocateurs from various regions set fire to a container containing Prosecutor Ali Akbar Hozeyinzadeh and security personnel.”

During the incident, protesters prevented fire rescue teams from intervening, resulting in the prosecutor and the security personnel with him being burned to death.

The North Khorasan Prosecutor’s Office stated that the investigation is ongoing and that efforts are underway to apprehend those involved in the attack. Judge Gholam Hossein Mohseni Ejei, head of the Judiciary, issued a message of condolence following the prosecutor’s death.

Developments as of January 9, 2026

Statements by Iranian Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei

Iranian leader Khamenei, during a meeting with residents of Qom city on the anniversary of the uprising that began in Qom in January 1977 against the overthrown Shah regime, offered assessments regarding the unrest that started in the country due to economic problems and intensified on the night of January 8.

Khamenei, referring to U.S. President Trump’s threats against the Iranian government amid the demonstrations, stated: “Last night in Tehran, a group of vandals destroyed public property in an attempt to please the U.S. president. If he can manage it, let him govern his own country.”

Reminding the public that over 1,000 people lost their lives in the June 2025 attacks by Israel and the United States on Iran, Khamenei said: “This man said, ‘I gave the order; I commanded during the war.’ Thus, he admitted that his hands are stained with the blood of Iranians. Then he claims, ‘I am a supporter of Iran.’ A handful of inexperienced and thoughtless people believe him and act according to his wishes.” Khamenei affirmed that Iran will not show leniency toward agents supported by foreign powers, adding: “My people do not tolerate mercenaries working for foreigners. Whoever you are, if you serve as a mercenary for a foreign power, that country will regard you as rejected.”

That individual, who arrogantly judges the entire world, must also know that history’s tyrants and arrogant powers—Pharaoh, Nimrod, Reza Khan, Mohammad Reza, and others—fell precisely at the peak of their pride. This one will also fall.

Khamenei declared: "Everyone must know that the Islamic Republic came to power through the blood of hundreds of thousands of honorable people and will not retreat in the face of saboteurs."

Statement by the Supreme National Security Council

According to Iranian state television, the Secretariat of the Supreme National Security Council issued a statement regarding the protests in Iran. The statement emphasized that the Iranian Security Forces “will thwart the plans of the Zionist regime and its godfather, the United States,” and declared: "Security forces and judicial authorities will show no leniency whatsoever toward saboteurs."

The statement stressed that those complaining about economic conditions must not engage in behavior that causes economic harm. It also emphasized that the Iranian people will not accept an atmosphere of insecurity in their country. The statement pointed out that Israel has maintained a hostile stance toward the Iranian people since the 12-day conflict. It added: “Although recent events originated from market instability, they have been transformed into a scenario orchestrated by the Zionist enemy to plunge the country into insecurity.”

Trump’s recent remarks demonstrate that Israel and the United States are coordinating efforts to plunge the Iranian people into chaos. Thanks to their unity, the Iranian people defeated their enemy in the 12-day war. Today, we will defeat them in the same manner.

The statement also addressed the burning of Iranian flags and statues of Qasem Soleimani in some Iranian cities, stating: “No person will allow their flag to be set on fire. No Iranian will permit the statue of Qasem Soleimani to be burned.”

Current Casualty and Injury Figures

The U.S.-based Iran Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA) published updated figures on January 9, 2026, regarding the 13-day-long protests across Iran. According to the report, a total of 65 people have been killed in protests that have spread to 31 provinces nationwide. Of these individuals, seven are under 18 years old, 50 are protesters, and 15 are members of security forces.

The report states that 2,311 people have been arrested nationwide. It further notes that dozens have been injured in ongoing incidents, with these injuries “largely resulting from the impact of irrational and plastic bullets.” As of January 9, Iranian authorities have made no official statement regarding those killed or injured in the demonstrations.

Developments as of January 10, 2026

Protests that began on December 28, 2025, at the Tehran Grand Bazaar in Iran, triggered by the local currency’s sharp depreciation against foreign exchange and economic difficulties, have now entered their 14th day as of January 10, 2026. It has been reported that the unrest intensified over the preceding two weeks leading up to January 10, with particular concentration in the capital, Tehran.

Iranian state television and local agencies have issued statements emphasizing the need to maintain public order amid security concerns arising from the demonstrations.

Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA) Report

The Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA), based in Virginia, United States, reported in a statement issued on January 11, 2026, that the death toll in the protests in Iran had risen to 116.

The report stated that 116 people have lost their lives during the protests entering their 14th day, including 37 security personnel and 4 healthcare workers. It was also noted that a prosecutor was killed during the events. HRANA announced that more than 2,600 people have been injured and 2,638 individuals have been arrested.

Statement by the Iranian Armed Forces

On January 10, 2026, the Iranian Armed Forces issued a statement through state television regarding the protests and escalating violence. The statement emphasized the “necessity of the Iranian people acting in unity and solidarity” and affirmed that the military, in coordination with other armed forces, would “strongly protect national interests, strategic infrastructure, and public property.”

The military statement included a section linking the violent incidents in the country to external influences. It stated: “Today, the enemy is attempting to disrupt public order through different tactics and create an atmosphere of insecurity. The enemy, whose hands are stained with the blood of children after 12 days of conflict, is trying to incite new unrest under the pretext of protecting the Iranian people.”

The statement underscored that the armed forces would continue to operate in coordination with security agencies and reaffirmed their “determination to safeguard national interests.” Following the statement, it was reported that security measures had been heightened across Iran, with intensified precautions taken to protect public buildings and critical infrastructure.

Statements by U.S. President Donald Trump

U.S. President Donald Trump made statements on January 10, 2026, via the social media platform Truth Social, addressing developments in Iran. In his post drawing attention to the ongoing protests in Iran, he stated that the United States was “ready to provide assistance” to the Iranian people. Trump remarked, “Iran is perhaps looking toward freedom more than ever before.”

Developments as of January 11, 2026

In Iran, protests that began on December 28, 2025 due to a currency crisis and economic hardships have entered their third week as of January 11, 2026. Demonstrations continue in many cities across the country. NetBlocks reported that internet and telephone services have been disrupted for over 72 hours nationwide.

A police officer was killed in clashes that erupted in the suburbs of Tehran. Casualties have occurred among both security forces and protesters during these confrontations.

The U.S.-based Iran Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA), in its report dated January 11, 2026, stated that at least 544 people have been killed nationwide, including both security personnel and protesters, and that more than 1,000 people have been injured. HRANA also disclosed that 10,681 individuals were detained during demonstrations carried out at 585 different locations across all 31 provinces, including 186 cities.

Statements by Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian

On January 11, 2026, Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian made remarks on state television regarding the ongoing protests. Pezeshkian stated, “We hear the voices of the protesters and are making every effort to address their concerns.”

In his remarks, Pezeshkian accused the United States and Israel of inciting chaos within the country and added: “The United States and Israel are warning: ‘Create chaos, kill, and then we will come.’ These people are doing exactly that. I appeal to families to keep their children away from those causing unrest.”

The president also emphasized economic reforms, stating that “We have taken some structural steps to improve the economy and these will bear fruit in the near future.” Pezeshkian further declared, “Our duty is to solve the people’s problems and alleviate their concerns, while not allowing those inciting chaos to destabilize the country.”

According to Iranian state television, Pezeshkian characterized the nationwide unrest as “an attempt by the country’s enemies to heighten instability.” He added, “The enemy has infiltrated trained terrorists into the country. Those causing chaos and rebellion are not the protesting people.”

Statements by Iranian Parliament Speaker Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf

On January 11, 2026, Iranian Parliament Speaker Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf made remarks during a parliamentary session regarding the ongoing protests and the possibility of a U.S. military intervention. According to Iranian state television, Ghalibaf stated, “If the United States launches a military attack, both Israel and U.S. military and naval centers will be legitimate targets for us.”

In his speech, Ghalibaf noted that the United States and Israel have supported demonstrators inside Iran, saying: “The enemies planned to mobilize domestic terrorists during their 12-day war but failed. Now they have succeeded in mobilizing these terrorists. We are fighting against terrorists.” Anti-U.S. slogans were shouted by members of the parliament during Ghalibaf’s speech.

Casualties, Arrests and Security Situation

As of January 11, 2026, the number of casualties and arrests related to protests across Iran has been reported differently by various sources. The U.S.-based Iran Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA), in its latest report, stated that at least 538 people have been killed nationwide, of whom 490 were protesters and 48 were security personnel. HRANA also reported that more than 10,600 people have been detained.

A report from the Anadolu Agency, citing data from the Tasnim News Agency, indicated that at least 109 security personnel have been killed. The report stated: “In disturbances spreading across many regions of the country, at least 109 Iranian security personnel were killed.” No official figures have been released by authorities regarding the total death toll in the protests. Associated Press (AP) stated it could not independently verify these figures.

The Iranian government has declared a three-day national mourning period for security force members killed during the protests.

United Nations and International Reactions

United Nations (UN) Secretary-General Antonio Guterres issued a written statement on January 11, 2026, regarding the ongoing protests in Iran. The statement noted that Guterres was “shocked” by the violence occurring across Iran. The UN statement read: “The Secretary-General (Guterres) has been shocked by reports of violence and excessive use of force by Iranian authorities against protesters in many parts of the Islamic Republic of Iran.”

The statement further emphasized that “the Iranian people must be allowed to express their grievances peacefully and without fear” and stressed that “the rights to freedom of expression, freedom of assembly and freedom of peaceful association under international law must be fully respected and protected.”

The Secretary-General directly called on Iranian authorities to “exercise maximum restraint and avoid unnecessary or disproportionate use of force.” The statement reads: “The Secretary-General calls on Iranian authorities to exercise maximum restraint and avoid unnecessary or disproportionate use of force.”

Guterres also addressed the disruptions to access to information and called for “steps to restore access to information, including re-establishing communication lines.”

At the international level, the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade urged its citizens to leave Iran “as soon as possible,” citing the risk that nationwide demonstrations could escalate “without any warning.”

Statements by Reza Pahlavi

On January 11, 2026, Reza Pahlavi, son of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran deposed in 1979, voiced support for the protests in Iran through statements made from abroad. In messages sent from his place of exile, Pahlavi reiterated his support for the protesters and declared: “We will bring down the Islamic Republic and its worn-out, fragile apparatus of repression completely.”

Pahlavi stated that he is “ready to lead a transitional process,” adding: “There is only one path to peace: a secular, democratic Iran. Today, I am here to offer myself to my fellow citizens as a servant on this path toward peace and democratic transition.”

In recent years, Reza Pahlavi has made repeated calls for reform and issued similar statements during previous social upheavals in Iran, including the 2022 Mahsa Amini protests. According to Reuters, Pahlavi has been noted for “frequently calling for change, especially during periods of unrest.”

Statements by U.S. President Donald Trump

U.S. President Donald Trump responded to journalists’ questions aboard Air Force One. Trump made remarks regarding the protests in Iran and the Tehran government. Trump stated that Iran has “begun to cross its red line” and added that he would “not comment on when, where or how the United States will act against the Tehran regime.”

Regarding developments in Iran, Trump said he receives “hourly reports” and told Iranian officials: “They are not leaders. They rule through violence. We take this very seriously. The military is reviewing it and we have very strong options on the table.”

Trump said Iran had contacted the United States the previous day and “offered to negotiate a nuclear deal.” On this matter, he stated: “We can meet with them. A meeting is being arranged. But because of what is happening (the protests), we may need to act before the meeting.”

Regarding the internet shutdown, Trump announced plans to speak with Elon Musk and stated that they could “reactivate internet access in the country through Starlink.”

Developments as of January 12–13, 2026

Pro-Government Demonstrations and Ongoing Actions

On January 12, 2026, both pro-government and anti-government demonstrations occurred simultaneously across Iran. In Enghelab Square in Tehran, large crowds gathered near Tehran University carrying Iranian flags and marching through the streets. The crowds condemned the recent violent incidents and called for solutions to economic hardships.

While expressing their economic demands, protesters also stated they were opposed to foreign interference. Simultaneously with pro-government rallies, anti-regime demonstrations continued in various regions of the country. Pro-government marches were also held in cities such as Kerman, Zahedan, and Birjand, in addition to Tehran.

On January 12, the Iranian Ministry of Intelligence announced that 273 weapons had been seized from inside an international cargo truck and three individuals had been taken into custody. The same statement reported that a five-member terrorist cell linked to a banned Kurdish party had been apprehended in the city of Hurramabad, and that 15 individuals connected to Iranian-exile Persian-language media channels had also been detained.

International Reactions and Global Dimensions

U.S. President Donald Trump, during a flight from Florida to Washington, told journalists that the Iranian government had contacted the United States seeking talks. Trump said, “They called yesterday… Iran called yesterday to negotiate. I think they are tired of being mistreated by the United States. Iran wants to negotiate.”

Trump also stated in the same remarks that preparations for talks were underway but that the military option remained on the table due to developments on the ground. He added, “We may have to act because of what has happened before the meeting. But a meeting is being arranged. Iran called. They want to negotiate.”

Trump further said the United States was closely monitoring events in Iran and evaluating “very strong options,” stating, “The military is reviewing this and we are evaluating very strong options. We will reach a decision.”

In response to Trump’s remarks, Iranian Parliament Speaker Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, speaking at a rally in Tehran, addressed the United States with the following: “All your presence in the region will be eliminated. We will discipline the oppressive rulers.” Ghalibaf told the U.S. president, “An unforgettable lesson will be delivered.” Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian and Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi also attended the rally in Tehran.

Statements by Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi

On January 12, 2026, Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi held a press conference to address the ongoing demonstrations in the country. Araghchi stated, “What is happening now is not a protest; it is a terrorist war against the country.”

Araghchi said Iranian authorities had obtained audio recordings in which civilians were ordered to open fire on security forces. He declared, “Iranian officials possess audio recordings in which terrorist elements were ordered to fire on civilians and security personnel.” The Foreign Minister asserted that armed groups had targeted public buildings, police stations, and shops, and that footage existed showing weapons used against security forces. Araghchi claimed the protests, which began on December 28, were “initially peaceful and legitimate, initiated by merchants” but quickly turned violent.

Araghchi maintained that Iran’s security forces had intervened in the events “calmly” and that the government had immediately initiated talks with relevant parties to hear their demands. In the same statement, he argued that security forces were not responsible for deaths, saying, “Most of those killed during the protests were shot in the back.”

Araghchi explained that terrorist elements had targeted both protesters and security forces and declared that the situation was “fully under control.” During the same press conference, Araghchi characterized U.S. President Donald Trump’s statements as “interference in Iran’s internal affairs.” He said, “Trump’s remarks on the protests are interference in our internal affairs.”

Following Trump’s threat of intervention, Araghchi stated that the events had turned bloody, saying, “After Trump’s threat of intervention, the protests turned into bloody acts to legitimize foreign interference.”

In response to Trump’s claim that the United States was evaluating “very strong measures” against Iran, Araghchi declared, “Tehran is ready for both war and dialogue.” Araghchi also revealed that the Iranian government held documents proving the involvement of the United States and Israel in the events. He further stated that internet services would be restored “in coordination with security authorities.”

Iran’s Diplomatic Response to European Countries

On January 12, 2026, the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs summoned the ambassadors of the United Kingdom, Germany, France, and Italy to Tehran, citing foreign support for the protests. According to Iranian state media, ministry officials showed the four ambassadors violent footage from the country’s recent events and asserted that these actions had gone beyond peaceful demonstrations to become organized sabotage activities.

The ambassadors were asked to transmit these images directly to their respective foreign ministries and were urged to retract official statements supporting the protesters. Iranian officials stated that any political or media-backed support from these countries constituted “an unacceptable interference in Iran’s internal affairs and a threat to national security.”

Shortly before this diplomatic summons, it was reported that during a demonstration outside the Iranian Embassy in London, a protester removed the Iranian flag and replaced it with the lion-and-sun emblem associated with the pre-revolutionary monarchy.

HRANA’s 16th Day Report and Current Situation

The U.S.-based Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA), in its report published on January 13, 2026, released data on the 16th day of the protests in Iran. The report stated that demonstrations had spread to all 31 provinces of the country. According to HRANA, since the protests began, a total of 664 people have been killed, including 133 security personnel, one prosecutor, and nine individuals under the age of 18. The same report indicated that 10,721 people have been arrested.

Internet Disruptions and Communication Status

As of January 13, 2026, internet connectivity across Iran has been disrupted for over 100 hours. London-based internet monitoring group NetBlocks reported that online connectivity levels across the country were at approximately 1 percent of normal levels.

According to a post by NetBlocks on the U.S.-based social media platform X, national connectivity levels “have remained flat on a straight line.” The disruption began around January 9, when protests intensified across Iran.

U.S. Call to Citizens to “Leave Iran”

On January 13, 2026, the United States issued a call to its citizens urging them to “leave the country immediately” due to the security situation in Iran. This warning was issued through the U.S. Virtual Embassy in Tehran.

The advisory requested U.S. citizens to “make an exit plan from Iran without relying on assistance from the Washington administration.” The statement read: “Leave Iran immediately. If you cannot leave, move to a safe location inside your home or another secure building.”

The advisory emphasized that standard protective measures for U.S. citizens could not be implemented due to the ongoing protests and rising security risks. On the same day, White House Press Secretary Caroline Leavitt assessed President Donald Trump’s approach to Iran, stating, “President Trump prefers diplomacy first but always keeps the military option on the table.”

U.S. New Policies Toward Iran and New Customs Tariffs

On January 13, 2026, U.S. President Donald Trump announced the initiation of a new trade policy targeting countries maintaining economic relations with Iran. In a post on the U.S.-based platform Truth Social, Trump stated, “Countries doing business with Iran will pay a 25 percent customs tariff on trade with the United States. The decision is effective immediately.”

Trump also declared the decision to be “final and absolute.” In response, China expressed disapproval of the U.S. decision, though no further details were provided.

On the same day, two U.S. Department of Defense officials, who requested anonymity, told CBS News that options for military and covert operations against Iran had been presented to Trump. The officials said that “cyber and psychological operations” were being assessed and could target Iran’s command structure, communication networks, and state-controlled media outlets.

According to the same sources, the presentation to Trump emphasized that air power and long-range missile capabilities remained central, but cyber and psychological elements were being evaluated as “complementary tools.”

Tehran University’s Decision

The Tesnim News Agency published a statement from the Office of Educational Affairs at Tehran University. The statement announced that undergraduate student dormitories would be closed for 10 days and students were instructed to vacate them immediately. The decision was described as a measure to reduce student participation in the ongoing protests.

Statements by Iran’s Forensic Medicine Organization

On January 13, Abbas Mescidi Arani, head of Iran’s Forensic Medicine Organization, stated that most of the deceased protesters had been killed by armed terrorists using sharp weapons to target vital organs or by being shot at close range with hunting rifles. According to Iranian state television, Arani detailed the causes of death among the protesters.

Arani said a significant number of those killed had suffered fatal injuries from “sharp weapons targeting vital organs, being shot at point-blank range with hunting rifles, or being targeted from rooftops.” He alleged that armed elements with military training had infiltrated the protest crowds and deliberately targeted demonstrators in vital areas.

International Reactions and Diplomatic Statements

During the period of January 12–13, 2026, as protests in Iran continued, numerous countries and international actors issued statements.

Russia’s Statement

Russian Security Council Secretary Sergey Shoigu, during a phone call with Iranian National Security Council Secretary Ali Larijani, strongly condemned “new attempts by external powers to interfere in Iran’s internal affairs.”

During the call, Shoigu conveyed condolences to Larijani over the “significant loss of life” in Iran and affirmed Russia’s readiness to continue cooperation with Iran based on the 2025 Comprehensive Strategic Partnership Agreement.

Russian Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Maria Zakharova, in a press briefing in Moscow on January 13, 2026, assessed the protests in Iran. She stated that external powers were attempting to exploit social tensions to destabilize Iran, saying, “Hostile external powers are trying to use rising social tensions to destabilize and overthrow the state. We strongly condemn external destructive interference in Iran’s internal political processes.”

Zakharova claimed that “color revolution methods” were being applied in Iran’s protests and that these efforts targeted the country’s internal stability. She criticized U.S. actions toward Iran, adding, “Washington’s threats to launch new attacks on Iranian territory are absolutely unacceptable. Those planning to use externally incited incidents as a pretext for renewed attacks must be aware that such actions will have dire consequences for the situation in the Middle East and global security. We reject attempts to blackmail Iran by increasing tariffs on its trading partners.”

Germany’s Statement

On January 13, 2026, during a visit to India, German Chancellor Friedrich Merz said in a press statement regarding the situation in Iran, “If a regime can only maintain power through violence, it has effectively ended. I believe we are witnessing the final days and weeks of this regime.”

Merz argued that the Iranian regime had lost its legitimacy and confirmed that Germany was in close contact with the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. He added, “Foreign ministers are in close contact to ensure a peaceful transition to a government with democratic legitimacy.”

German Foreign Minister Johann Wadephul, following a meeting with U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio in Washington, declared that stricter sanctions against Iran were necessary. Wadephul said, “We will use all existing measures to impose sanctions on this regime.” He also stated that Germany was working toward adding Iran to the European Union’s terrorist sanctions list.

France’s Responses

According to French media reports on January 13, 2026, non-essential personnel at the French Embassy in Tehran began leaving Iran on January 12 due to security risks. Sources did not specify the number of personnel who departed but confirmed the departures occurred amid ongoing protests.

French Foreign Minister Jean-Noël Barrot summoned the Iranian Ambassador, Mohammad Amin-Nejad, and labeled the actions of Iran’s security forces as “state violence.” In a speech to parliament, Barrot said, “The perpetrators who have directed weapons against peaceful protesters cannot go unpunished.”

European Union Statements

European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen issued a statement on her social media account on January 13, 2026, regarding the protests in Iran and the rising death toll. Von der Leyen said, “The increasing loss of life in Iran is horrifying. We condemn excessive use of force and the continuous restriction of freedoms.” She expressed support for the European Parliament’s decision to ban all Iranian diplomatic personnel and representatives from entering its buildings and confirmed that the European Union was preparing additional sanctions. She emphasized that “excessive use of force in Iran is unacceptable.”

European Commission Spokesperson for External Relations, Anouar El Anouni, announced at a press briefing the same day that the committee responsible for political affairs and security would meet to discuss further steps.

European Parliament Decision and Iran’s Response

European Parliament President Roberta Metsola announced that access to the Parliament’s buildings had been banned for all Iranian diplomatic personnel in solidarity with the protesters. In response, Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi posted on his X account, “Iran is not seeking hostility with the EU but will respond to any restrictions. People are not fools; they see what is happening with their own eyes.” Araghchi also accused the European Parliament of double standards, pointing to its silence on Israel’s actions in Gaza, stating, “European officials avoid taking action against Israel.”

European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen described the rising death toll as “horrifying,” adding, “I condemn unequivocally the excessive use of force and the persistent suppression of freedoms.” Together with EU High Representative for Foreign Policy Kaja Kallas, she confirmed that new sanctions targeting individuals responsible for the crackdown in Iran would be rapidly prepared.

United Kingdom’s Statement

On January 13, 2026, several European countries issued joint statements condemning the suppression of protests in Iran. British Foreign Secretary Yvette Cooper, speaking in the House of Commons, announced that Iran’s ambassador had been summoned and demanded that the Tehran regime “account for the horrifying reports.”

United Nations Statement

UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk issued a statement on January 13, 2026, through the UN Office in Geneva. The statement was read out by UN Spokesperson Jeremy Laurence during a weekly press briefing.

Volker Türk called on Iranian authorities to immediately halt all violence and repression against peaceful protesters. He noted that hundreds had been killed and thousands arrested, adding, “Labeling protesters as ‘terrorists’ to justify violence against them is unacceptable.”

Türk urged Iranian authorities to restore internet and telecommunications services. He also stated, “All deaths and violence against protesters must be investigated according to international human rights standards, and those responsible must be held accountable.”

UN Spokesperson Stephane Dujarric, in a press briefing on January 13, 2026, commented on U.S. President Donald Trump’s message to Iranian protesters that “help is on the way.” Dujarric said, “We are increasingly concerned about the growing military rhetoric surrounding the situation in Iran.”

The UN spokesperson added, “All member states must turn to diplomacy rather than military threats.” Dujarric confirmed that the UN had no plans to evacuate its personnel in Iran, noting that 46 international staff and 448 local employees remained on duty.

Italy’s Statements

Italian Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani summoned Iranian Ambassador Mohammad Reza Sabouri and declared, “The extremely high human cost paid by protesters in blood is absolutely unacceptable.” Tajani added, “Iranian women and men are fighting in the streets, paying an extremely high price in blood, pain, imprisonment, and likely torture.”

Spain’s Statement

Spanish Foreign Minister Jose Manuel Albares, in an interview with Catalunya Radio, stated, “We wish to express our strong rejection and condemnation of the events unfolding in Iran for days.” The Portuguese Ministry of Foreign Affairs also summoned the Iranian ambassador to condemn the violent suppression of the protests.

Netherlands’ Statement

Dutch Foreign Minister David van Weel expressed deep shock over the events in Iran, saying, “We are deeply shocked by the bloody suppression of peaceful demonstrations in Iran.” Irish Prime Minister Micheál Martin, speaking alongside EU partners, confirmed that sanctions had been imposed on Iran, stating, “We have called for an end to repression. There is a need for a different government, more freedom, and the rights to assemble and express oneself.” Finnish Foreign Minister Elina Valtonen wrote on X, “The Iranian regime has quietly killed the internet to suppress dissent.”

Statements by U.S. President Donald Trump

On January 13, 2026, U.S. President Donald Trump posted a statement on his social media account regarding the protests in Iran. Trump wrote: “Iranian patriots, continue your protests, seize your institutions. Record the names of killers and exploiters. They will pay a heavy price. I have canceled all meetings with Iranian officials until the senseless killing of protesters stops. Help is on the way.” At the end of the message, Trump added the hashtag “MIGA” (Make Iran Great Again).

Detroit Speech

On the same day, in a speech on economic policy in Detroit, Trump reiterated his message regarding the protests in Iran.

Trump said: “I am speaking to all Iranian patriots: Keep protesting, and if possible, take control of your institutions. Record the names of the killers and exploiters who abuse you.”

He added, “I have canceled all meetings with Iranian officials until the senseless killing of protesters stops. The only thing I have told the demonstrators is that help is on the way.” Trump also reminded the audience that new customs tariffs had been imposed on countries trading with Iran, confirming that the policy had taken effect as of January 13.

CBS News Interview and Death Penalty Warning

In an interview with CBS News on January 13, 2026, Trump responded to reports that Iran planned to execute protesters: “I have no information about executions. If they hang them, you will see some things… If they do this, we will respond with a very strong reaction.” When asked about his “ultimate goal” regarding Iran, Trump replied, “The ultimate goal is to win. I like to win.”

Trump continued, addressing uncertainty over the death toll: “No one has given us exact numbers on how many they have killed.” He reiterated that a “strong response” would follow any executions of protesters.

U.S. Security Advisory

Since the United States has no diplomatic mission in Iran, the Virtual U.S. Embassy for Iran issued a security advisory. The advisory stated: “U.S. citizens must leave Iran immediately. If safe, consider crossing overland into Turkey or Armenia.”

The advisory also warned about dual nationality: “The Iranian government does not recognize dual nationality and will treat dual nationals solely as Iranian citizens.”

The security notice further warned that U.S. citizens should be aware that “displaying an American passport or indicating U.S. connections may serve as grounds for arrest.”

Developments as of January 14, 2026

Updated Data on the 17th Day of Protests

According to a report published by the Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA) on January 14, 2026, protests continued across the country on the 17th day of the unrest. The report states that the total death toll has reached 2,550, of which 2,403 are protesters and 147 are members of security forces. Additionally, 1,134 people have been injured and 18,434 have been arrested.

According to the HRANA report, demonstrations have spread to all 31 provinces and numerous cities. Gholam-Hossein Mohseni Ejei, Head of Iran’s Judiciary, stated that “some perpetrators” will be publicly tried. Iran’s Attorney General, Mohammad Mowahhidi, announced that those arrested in connection with the protests would be classified as “terrorists” and that orders had been issued to identify and seize their assets.

Mowahhidi also called on individuals who suffered material damage during the unrest to submit documentation and evidence to authorities, in order to enable “deterrent actions” against “terrorists and their supporters.” Iran’s state television announced that a ceremony was held at Tehran University to honor the 100 security personnel who lost their lives during the protests. During the ceremony, anti-Israel and anti-United States slogans were chanted and banners were displayed.

Statements from Iranian Authorities and Military Institutions

Statements from the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)

Commander of the IRGC Aerospace Force, Major General Seyyid Majeed Mosavi, stated that his country is at its “highest level of defense readiness.” He made this statement during an interview with the semi-official Fars News Agency. Mosavi confirmed that Iran’s missile stockpiles have been expanded and that its production capacities in various sectors have surpassed those prior to the 12-day conflict in June 2025. He added, “The IRGC Aerospace Force is at its highest level of defense readiness and prepared to respond to any attack.”

Mosavi emphasized that all damage sustained during the June 2025 12-day conflict has been fully repaired and that the force remains at “the highest level of preparedness.” During these hostilities, Iran launched hundreds of ballistic missiles at Israel in response to Tel Aviv’s attack, while the United States bombed three Iranian nuclear facilities.

Mosavi’s remarks followed statements by U.S. President Donald Trump, who expressed support for protesters in Iran and signaled the “possibility of military action.” In this context, the IRGC warned that it would respond to any attack by the United States or Israel with a “regional-level response.” Iran’s Permanent Representative to the United Nations, Amir Said Iravani, accused the Trump administration in a letter to UN Secretary-General António Guterres of “encouraging violence” and threatening military intervention against Iran. Iran’s National Security Council Secretary, Ali Larizadeh Ganji, described U.S. President Trump as “one of the main killers of the Iranian people.”

Statements by Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi

Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi, in a post on the U.S.-based social media platform X, stated that “Israel is trying to drag the United States into wars on its behalf” and that “it does not hide this.” In his remarks on Israel’s influence over the U.S., Araghchi said, “Israel boasts of arming protesters, and this is the reason for hundreds of deaths.”

In the same post, Araghchi directly addressed U.S. President Donald Trump, urging him, “If you want to stop the deaths in Iran, you must turn to Israel.” This statement followed diplomatic accusations that Israel is attempting to draw the United States into a military confrontation with Iran.

The claim referenced by Araghchi appeared in a post by Tamir Morag, a diplomatic correspondent for the Israeli Channel 14 television, who wrote, “Foreign elements are arming protesters in Iran with firearms, leading to hundreds of deaths. Everyone can guess who is meant.”

Araghchi’s post directly quoted Morag’s statement, which he characterized as “evidence that Israel is not concealing its actions.”

Statements by U.S. President Donald Trump

On January 14, 2026, during a signing ceremony for presidential orders at the White House, U.S. President Donald Trump addressed developments in Iran. Trump stated, “We were informed that executions in Iran have been halted. There is currently no plan or schedule for executions. If such a thing were to occur, we would all be saddened. However, according to the information reaching me, executions have stopped.”

In the same remarks, Trump noted that Iranian authorities would investigate the killings of protesters. He confirmed that the information about the suspension of executions came from “authoritative sources” and added, “We received this information from authoritative sources and hope it is accurate.” When asked about the possibility of military intervention, Trump replied, “We will watch and see how the situation develops.”

Additionally, on January 13, 2026, during a speech in Michigan and on his social media account, Trump directly expressed support for protesters in Iran. In a post on the X platform, he wrote, “All patriotic Iranians, continue your protests. Take over the institutions. Those identified as killers and torturers will pay a heavy price.” Trump also reiterated his message to protesters: “Help is on the way.”

Israel’s Military Alert Status and Security Measures

Israel has raised its preparedness level in response to the possibility of a U.S. military strike against Iran. Israeli officials have indicated that a U.S. attack is no longer a matter of probability but of timing. Doron Kadosh, a military correspondent for Army Radio in Israel, reported that Israeli assessments suggest that if the United States attacks Iran, Iranian leader Ali Khamenei will order strikes against both American targets in the Middle East and Israel.

Israeli military analyst Avi Ashkenazi stated that Israel maintains close coordination with the U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM). Ashkenazi said, “The Israeli military, particularly its air force, intelligence, and Northern Command, are on high alert, continuously monitoring Iran.”

According to Israeli media reports, the air force and military intelligence units have increased their alert levels in anticipation of a potential Iranian missile barrage. Sources close to Israel’s Ministry of Defense have indicated that Iran may respond directly or through allied forces following any U.S. operation. Israeli analyst Ronen Bergman told Yedioth Ahronoth newspaper, “There is no clear indication that Iran is on the verge of an attack, nor is there certainty that the United States is preparing to launch a large-scale operation.”

The municipalities of Dimona and Beersheba in southern Israel and Gan Yavne in central Israel have decided to open public shelters. Dimona Mayor Benny Biton told Israel Hayom newspaper, “Being prepared is better than being surprised.” Beersheba and Gan Yavne municipalities have similarly opened public shelters. According to Israeli Channel 13 television, this decision was made without an official order from the military. The move is linked to rising tensions between Iran and the United States. Israeli military spokesperson Efrat Defrin stated on X that the military is “on high alert” and “closely monitoring developments.”

On Israeli social media platforms, videos have been shared claiming that the Iron Dome air defense system has been deployed to Jerusalem. According to the Anadolu Agency, these videos have not been independently verified.

International Diplomatic Reactions and Measures

Statement by G7 Countries

The foreign ministers of the G7 countries and the European Union’s High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Kaja Kallas, issued a joint statement regarding the ongoing protests in Iran. The statement expressed “deep concern” over developments in Iran, adding, “We strongly condemn the Iranian authorities’ escalating brutal crackdown on the Iranian people, who have courageously voiced legitimate demands for a better life, dignity, and freedom since the end of December 2025.”

The G7 and EU representatives condemned “the deliberate use of violence, the killing of demonstrators, arbitrary arrests, and the intimidation tactics employed by security forces.” The statement further called on the Iranian government to protect fundamental human rights, stating, “If Iran continues to violate international human rights law and suppress its people, the G7 members are prepared to impose restrictive additional measures.”

European Countries’ Warnings to Their Citizens

As of January 14, 2026, European countries have urged their citizens to leave Iran immediately due to the deteriorating security situation. The German Federal Foreign Office warned in its travel advisory that there is a “risk of arbitrary detention.”

The advisory noted that Germany’s Embassy in Tehran can provide only limited consular services on the ground. The ministry also stated, “The worsening security situation and the increased likelihood of further military clashes cannot be ignored.” Italy, Poland, and Spain issued similar advisories, urging their citizens to leave Iran. Italy’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs reported that approximately 600 Italian citizens are in Iran and emphasized, “Rome strongly reiterates its call for Italian citizens in Iran to leave the country.”

The Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in a post on the U.S.-based social media platform X, warned, “Do not travel to Iran.” The Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated in its travel advisory, “Travel to Iran is strongly discouraged due to the extremely unstable situation in Iran and the region. Spanish citizens currently in Iran are advised to leave the country using available means.”

United Kingdom’s Diplomatic Measures and Closure of the Embassy

The United Kingdom Government announced on the night of January 14 that it had temporarily closed its Embassy in Tehran due to the spread of protests. The government statement read, “The United Kingdom’s Embassy in Tehran has been temporarily closed.” It added, “The embassy will now operate remotely.”

According to the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office’s update on January 14, 2026, “Embassy personnel have been temporarily withdrawn from Iran for security reasons.” The same advisory warned, “If you are in difficulty in Iran, the UK government cannot assist you.”

The UK government’s advisory to its citizens noted the “possibility of detention or questioning” and stated that holding a British passport “could be considered sufficient grounds for such risks.”

Qatar’s Withdrawal of Personnel from Al Udeid Air Base

On January 14, 2026, the Qatar International Media Office confirmed that some personnel had been withdrawn from Al Udeid Air Base due to rising regional tensions. The statement read, “These measures are taken in response to current regional tensions.” Qatari officials emphasized that the precautions were taken “to ensure the highest priority of safety for its citizens and residents.” The statement also noted, “Any further developments will be communicated through official channels.”

Developments as of January 15, 2026

The U.S.-based Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA), in an update published on January 15, 2026, reported that the death toll from ongoing protests across Iran has risen to 2,615. The same report stated that 2,054 people were injured and 18,470 were arrested. The agency noted that the unrest has continued in many parts of the country and that the number of fatalities remains on the rise.

U.S. Sanctions Announcements

On January 15, 2026, the U.S. Department of the Treasury announced new sanctions amid the ongoing protests in Iran. The announcement was issued by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), a body under the Treasury Department. OFAC stated that sanctions have been imposed on security officials designated as “architects of repression” against the protests in Iran.

The sanctions list includes Ali Laricani, Secretary General of Iran’s Supreme National Security Council. Laricani is described as “one of the first Iranian leaders to call for a violent response to the legitimate demands of the people.” OFAC also announced sanctions against “shadow banking networks” that facilitate the embezzlement and laundering of Iran’s oil and petrochemical revenues. As part of this measure, 18 individuals and entities, including Bank Melli and Shahr Bank, have been added to the sanctions list.

U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, in his statement on the issue, said, “The United States stands firmly alongside the Iranian people calling for freedom and justice.” The same statement emphasized that sanctions against key Iranian leaders were implemented “at the direction of President Donald Trump” and that “all available tools will be used against those involved in suppressing the Iranian people.” The U.S. Department of State further announced that Fardis Prison, where Iranian women are detained, has been added to the sanctions list on grounds of “inhumane treatment.” During the U.S. sanctions announcements, Iranian officials accused the United States and Israel of turning the protests into “terrorist acts.”

White House Statement and Suspension of Executions

On January 15, 2026, White House Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt announced that planned mass executions in Iran had been halted. At a press briefing, Leavitt stated, “The President has been informed that the 800 executions scheduled for yesterday have been suspended.” She added that President Donald Trump is closely monitoring developments in Iran and that “the President and his team are closely tracking the situation, with all options remaining on the table.”

The White House statement referenced reports by international human rights organizations that described Iran’s violent crackdown on protests as having caused thousands of deaths. It also emphasized that the United States will respond forcefully if the Iranian regime proceeds with executions of protesters. The statement further reaffirmed the U.S. commitment to supporting the Iranian protesters and noted that “new steps will be evaluated as necessary.” Iranian officials, in response, accused the United States and Israel of “supporting chaos and terrorism within the country.”

Spain’s Statement on Iran

On January 15, 2026, Spanish Foreign Minister José Manuel Albares outlined his country’s position on developments in Iran. In a speech before the Plenary Session of the Spanish Parliament, he stated that “a unilateral U.S. intervention in Iran will not bring stability.” Albares said, “Unilateral external intervention cannot provide the stability Iran currently needs.” He emphasized the need to prevent developments that could lead to “a state of chaos” and declared, “The priority must be to avoid instability.”

Albares called on Iranian authorities to respect “freedom of expression, the right to peaceful protest, and the restoration of communication with the outside world.” He also issued a “call to avoid chaotic situations.” In the same statement, he affirmed Spain’s opposition to the death penalty and stated that “Spain rejects executions.” Regarding Spanish citizens in Iran, it was reported that approximately 140 Spanish nationals and diplomatic personnel currently in the country have no evacuation plans. Albares urged those remaining in Iran to maintain contact with the Spanish Embassy.

Türkiye’s Advisory to Its Citizens

On January 15, 2026, the Türkiye Embassy in Tehran issued an advisory to Turkish citizens due to the ongoing impact of protests in Iran. The embassy statement advised, “Our citizens are encouraged to closely follow the latest developments.” It further recommended that Turkish citizens monitor official announcements from the Ministry and Türkiye’s diplomatic missions in Iran via their websites and social media accounts.

The embassy warned Turkish citizens planning to travel to Iran to “exercise caution regarding their personal safety.” Turkish citizens already in Iran were advised to “remain vigilant regarding developments and use the designated emergency contact numbers.” The 24-hour Consular Call Center emergency hotline and contact details for diplomatic missions in Tehran, Mashhad, Tabriz, and Urmia have been made publicly available.

Developments as of 16 January 2026

Statement by the Chief of Iranian Police

On 16 January 2026, Brigadier General Ahmedreza Radan, Commander of the Iranian Police Organization, made a statement regarding the security situation following nationwide protests. In remarks broadcast by state television Press TV, he said: “Last Thursday night was the calmest night since the unrest began; no gatherings have been reported anywhere in the country.”

Radan further stated in his remarks: “With the grace of God and the conscious presence of the people, the final nail has been driven into the coffin of terrorism,” indicating that calm had been restored following security forces’ intervention.

Authorities stated that the protests, which began due to economic conditions, had escalated into “violent uprisings involving attacks on public property and security forces.” Iran security units reported that during operations in the provinces of Fars, Kerman, Hormozgan and Golestan, they had seized “weapons, explosives and military ammunition.”

The statement also accused the United States and Israel of “supporting and financing the protests.” According to data from the Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA), on the day Radan’s statement was released, at least 2,677 people were killed and approximately 19,100 were arrested during the protests.

3,000 People Taken into Custody

On 16 January 2026, Iranian state television announced that 3,000 individuals had been taken into custody in connection with the protests. The report stated that those detained were accused of “inciting unrest or provoking demonstrations” across the country.

An unnamed security source speaking to state television indicated that some of those arrested had “links to terrorist groups,” while others were accused of “inciting the events.”

Iran’s Statement at the UN Security Council

On 16 January 2026, Gholamhossein Darzi, Deputy Permanent Representative of Iran to the United Nations (UN), addressed an emergency session of the UN Security Council discussing the protests in Iran. In his speech, Darzi asserted that the United States had used humanitarian rhetoric to create conditions for political instability and military intervention in Iran.

Darzi told the UN meeting: “This session was convened at the request of the US representative, who resorts to lies to conceal his country’s direct role in turning unrest in Iran into violence.” He claimed that the protests had begun peacefully on 28 December 2025 with legitimate economic demands, but were later deliberately hijacked by “organized armed groups” who transformed them into violent incidents. The Iranian representative also stated that Israel was attempting to push the United States into war with Iran.

Darzi added: “These humanitarian claims by the United States are particularly cynical when one considers its long and well-documented record of unlawful military interventions, regime-change operations, and systematic violations of international law and the UN Charter.” He emphasized that any use of force against Iran would constitute a clear violation of international law and the UN Charter, and affirmed that Iran does not seek conflict but will respond to any act of aggression.

Statements by Donald Trump

On 16 January 2026, US President Donald Trump made statements regarding developments in Iran via his social media account. In his post, Trump expressed approval for the Iranian government’s decision to cancel over 800 planned executions. He wrote: “I have great respect for the Iranian leadership for cancelling all executions planned for yesterday — more than 800 of them. Thank you!”

On the same day, in remarks to journalists, Trump stated he had considered a military strike against Iran but had voluntarily decided against launching a military operation. He emphasized that the decision was entirely his own: “No one convinced me. I convinced myself.”

Qatar Prime Minister’s Call with Iran’s Foreign Minister

On 16 January 2026, Qatar’s Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani held a telephone conversation with Iran’s Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi. The statement regarding the call was issued by the Qatar Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

The ministry’s statement noted that during the call, both sides discussed bilateral relations between Qatar and Iran, as well as “regional developments and matters of mutual interest.” The Qatari Prime Minister reiterated his country’s position favoring “de-escalation and peaceful solutions.” The statement emphasized that Sheikh Mohammed had “supported efforts to reduce tensions and resolve disputes through peaceful means.”

The Qatari statement further indicated that such approaches are “of vital importance for strengthening regional security and stability.”

Developments as of 17 January 2026

Gradual Lifting of Communication Restrictions

On 17 January 2026, the semi-official Fars News Agency reported that internet and communication restrictions in Iran would be lifted gradually. The decision was said to have been made “following the containment of security concerns and the arrest of key figures linked to terrorist organizations by security forces.”

The same report stated that Iranian officials had claimed that limiting internet access had “significantly weakened the internal networks of opposition groups abroad” and had “disrupted the activities of terrorist cells.”

Authorities outlined a three-phase plan to restore communication services:

In the first phase, short message service (SMS) has been reactivated. In the second phase, the national internet network and domestic messaging applications (Eita and Bale) will be fully restored. In the third phase, international internet access will be reinstated.

Local sources confirmed that access to domestic messaging platforms such as Eita and Bale had been restored after days of disruption. Iranian government officials stated in their announcement that they were “fully aware of their obligations regarding human rights” and that security forces had taken “all necessary measures to exercise maximum restraint.”

The independent internet monitoring group NetBlocks reported that as of the morning of 17 January, there had been a slight increase in connectivity levels across Iran, but overall connectivity remained at only “2 percent of normal levels.”

HRANA’s Updated Figures on Fatalities and Arrests

On 17 January 2026, the US-based Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA) published a new report on the protests that began in Iran in December 2025. The report stated that since the start of the protests, 3,090 people have been killed, 2,055 have been injured, and 22,123 have been arrested. It was also reported that Iranian security forces had taken into custody 3,000 individuals accused of being affiliated with terrorist organizations or inciting violence during the protests. Iranian authorities have not released any official figures on fatalities or injuries.

Developments as of January 18–19, 2026

The U.S.-based Iran Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA), in a statement dated January 18, 2026, reported that 3,308 people lost their lives and 24,266 people were detained during the events. Iran’s leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, in a statement made on January 17 regarding the protests, said: “The recent unrest was orchestrated by the United States with the aim of swallowing Iran.”

Ebrahim Azizi, Chairman of the National Security and Foreign Policy Commission of the Iranian Parliament, made statements on January 19, 2026, regarding the ongoing protests in the country. According to information reported by Mehr News Agency, Azizi stated that more than 3,700 police officers were injured during the protests.

During the press conference, Azizi noted that the protests had spread nationwide since last month and that security forces had intervened in many regions. No official data has been released regarding the death toll.

According to the latest figures released by HRANA on January 19, the number of deaths in the protests has exceeded 3,700 and the number of detentions has surpassed 24,300.

Statements by President Pezeshkian on January 18, 2026

Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian, during a Cabinet meeting on January 18, 2026, made statements regarding communication restrictions in the country. According to reports in the Iranian press, Pezeshkian said, following an assessment of internet access restrictions, “I recommended that internet limitations be lifted as soon as possible.”

Pezeshkian emphasized that those detained in connection with the protests must be treated fairly and carefully during the review of their cases. He added: “Those who did not participate in terrorist acts must be treated with Islamic mercy. However, no leniency should be shown to those who led terrorist incidents.”

On January 18, 2026, Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian, in a post on the U.S.-based social media platform X, made a statement regarding a possible attack on Iran’s leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. In his message, Pezeshkian said: “If the Iranian people are facing hardship or economic difficulties, one of the main reasons is the long-standing hostility and inhumane sanctions imposed by the United States and its allies. An attack on our leader would mean a full-scale war against the Iranian people.”

According to information reported by HRANA, the protests have largely subsided across various cities in the country as of January 18–19, 2026.

HRANA’s Latest Data (21 January 2026)

The U.S.-based Iran Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA) stated in its new report published on 21 January 2026 that the number of people killed in demonstrations sparked by economic issues has risen to 4,519. It was reported that 26,314 people were arrested across the country during the events. According to the same report, 197 security personnel also lost their lives during the protests.