2025 Nobel Prizes

The 2025 Nobel Prizes are international awards conferred in 2025 to individuals and institutions that have demonstrated exceptional achievement in science literature economics and peace. The ceremonies were held on 10 December 2025 the anniversary of Alfred Nobel’s death in two separate cities. The prizes in Physics Chemistry Medicine Physiology Literature and Economics were presented at the Stockholm Concert Hall (Konserthuset) in Stockholm the capital of Sweden while the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded at the Oslo City Hall (Oslo City Hall) in Oslo the capital of Norway.

The 2025 prizes were awarded in a total of six categories: Physics Chemistry Medicine Literature Peace and Economics. The date of the ceremonies 10 December commemorates the anniversary of Alfred Nobel’s death in 1896 and this tradition has been observed annually since 1901.

Each prize consists of a Nobel medal a diploma and a monetary award of 11 million Swedish kronor approximately 1.2 million US dollars.

The ceremonies were attended by royal families government representatives academics artists foreign missions and media personnel. The events were organized by the Nobel Foundation and the Nobel Committees.

The award ceremony held at the Concert Hall in Stockholm the capital of Sweden on 10 December 2025 – (Anadolu Ajansı)

Stockholm Award Ceremony

Venue and Participants

The award ceremony for the 2025 Nobel Prizes in Physics Chemistry Medicine Literature and Economics took place at the Stockholm Concert Hall (Konserthuset) in Stockholm the capital of Sweden.

The ceremony was attended by King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden the Swedish Royal Family Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson ministers political party representatives foreign dignitaries and invited guests. The prizes were presented by King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden to the laureates. Each recipient received a Nobel diploma a medal and a monetary award of 11 million Swedish kronor.

The award ceremony held at the Concert Hall in Stockholm the capital of Sweden on 10 December 2025 – (Anadolu Ajansı)

Opening Address

The opening address was delivered by Prof. Astrid Söderbergh Widding Chair of the Nobel Foundation Board. In her speech Widding recalled the purpose of the Nobel Prizes and emphasized the transformative power of science literature and peace for humanity.

She underscored the universality of science with the statement: “Science is a common language for humanity in exploring and expanding the boundaries of knowledge.”

Widding also referenced the principle in Alfred Nobel’s will reminding the audience: “The prize should be awarded to the most deserving person regardless of nationality.”

Regarding the scope of the 2025 prizes Widding noted that the awards in Physics Chemistry and Medicine recognized fundamental research that had been translated into applications serving “the greatest benefit to humankind.” In the same speech she highlighted that the Economics Prize drew attention to the importance of the concept of “creative destruction” while the Literature Prize represented “the transformative power of art despite feelings of melancholy and apocalypse.”

Physics Prize

2025 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to John Clarke Michel H. Devoret and John M. Martinis. The citation read: “for the discovery of macroscopic quantum mechanical tunneling and energy quantization in electrical circuits.”

This work relates to experimental breakthroughs enabling the observation of quantum-level energy behavior in superconducting systems.

The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics laureates are announced at a press conference at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on 7 October 2025 – (Anadolu Ajansı)

Chemistry Prize

2025 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Susumu Kitagawa Richard Robson and Omar M. Yaghi. The citation stated: “for the development of metal–organic frameworks.”

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous materials capable of storing and releasing gases such as methane and nitrogen. Japanese scientist Kitagawa was honored at the Stockholm ceremony for his contributions in this field.

The 2025 Nobel Prize in Chemistry laureates are announced at a press conference at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on 8 October 2025 – (Anadolu Ajansı)

Physiology or Medicine Prize

The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Mary E. Brunkow Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi. The prize was given “for discoveries related to peripheral immune tolerance.”

Shimon Sakaguchi discovered regulatory T cells (Tregs) that prevent the immune system from attacking the body’s own tissues. This discovery has contributed to the development of new approaches for treating autoimmune diseases and cancer.

Literature Prize

The 2025 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to Hungarian writer László Krasznahorkai. The citation reads: “for a visionary and compelling literary corpus that reaffirms the power of art amid the fear of apocalypse.” His works explore themes of the human condition through allegorical and aesthetic forms.

Economics Prize

2025 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel was awarded to Joel Mokyr Philippe Aghion and Peter Howitt. The prize was given “for the theory of sustainable growth through creative destruction.” Their research provided a theoretical explanation of the interactions between technological progress innovation and economic growth.

The award ceremony held at the Concert Hall in Stockholm the capital of Sweden on 10 December 2025 – (Anadolu Ajansı)

Nobel Peace Prize Ceremony in Oslo

The 2025 Nobel Peace Prize Ceremony took place on 10 December 2025 in Oslo the capital of Norway. The event was held at the Oslo City Hall (Oslo City Hall Fridtjof Nansens plass). The ceremony began at 13:00 CET and lasted approximately one and a half hours. The program featured artistic performances the prize presentation and two speeches: one by Jørgen Watne Frydnes President of the Norwegian Nobel Committee and the other by the laureate’s Nobel Lecture. The event was organized by the Norwegian Nobel Committee and the Nobel Peace Center.

2025 Nobel Peace Prize

2025 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Venezuelan opposition politician María Corina Machado. The Nobel Committee explained the award as being given “for her tireless work defending the democratic rights of the Venezuelan people and her struggle to achieve a fair and peaceful transition from dictatorship to democracy.”

Machado ran as the opposition candidate in the 2024 Venezuelan presidential election and remained in hiding for an extended period following the election due to imposed bans.

A demonstration in support of Nobel Peace Prize laureate María Corina Machado in Oslo on 10 December 2025 – (Anadolu Ajansı)

Ceremony Proceedings

Machado was unable to attend the ceremony due to security concerns. In her place her daughter Ana Corina Sosa accepted the prize at the Oslo City Hall. During the ceremony Sosa delivered the Nobel Lecture by reading a text written by her mother. Before reading Sosa shared a voice message from Machado: “I am safe and on my way to Oslo.”

Beginning her speech with expressions of longing for her mother Sosa said: “While I wait two more years to embrace kiss and hold her I think of all the other children who cannot see their mothers.”

Reading her mother’s words Sosa conveyed: “Venezuelans will embrace again fall in love again and hear our streets filled with laughter and music.” Following these words the audience in the hall stood and applauded Sosa for an extended period.

Machado’s absence received widespread international media coverage. The Norwegian Nobel Committee chose not to hold the traditional “torchlight procession” this year. In its statement it explained that “Machado does not align with the values of the Norwegian Nobel Committee and its member organizations.”

María Corina Machado’s daughter Ana Corina Sosa greets the crowd supporting her mother from the balcony of the Grand Hotel in Oslo on 10 December 2025 – (Anadolu Ajansı)

Content of Frydnes’s Prize Speech

In his speech at the ceremony Jørgen Watne Frydnes President of the Norwegian Nobel Committee addressed political repression and the state of the democratic process in Venezuela. Frydnes referenced individual cases in Venezuela: “Samantha Sofia Hernandez a 16-year-old was brutally abducted last month by masked individuals linked to the Maduro regime’s security forces.”

He also mentioned the detention and death of opposition figures Juan Requesens and Alfredo Díaz: “Juan Requesens was ordered to turn to the camera… he had confessed to planning a so-called coup.” He added: “Opposition leader and former mayor Alfredo Díaz was pulled off a bus last November and thrown into the depths of the El Helicoide prison.”

Following these examples Frydnes declared: “This is today’s Venezuela.” He emphasized the relationship between democracy and peace with these words: “At the heart of the struggle for democracy lies a simple truth: Democracy is not merely a form of governance; it is the foundation of lasting peace.”

Japanese Scientists’ Achievements in 2025

In 2025 Japan won Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields. Shimon Sakaguchi and Susumu Kitagawa are Japanese scientists who received awards in separate categories in the same year.

Professor Shimon Sakaguchi of Osaka University shared the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Mary E. Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell. The prize was awarded “for discoveries related to peripheral immune tolerance.”

Sakaguchi identified regulatory T cells (Tregs) that prevent the immune system from attacking the body’s own tissues. This discovery was described as “the identification of regulatory T cells that suppress other T cells from attacking healthy cells in the body.”

This breakthrough has enabled the development of new treatments for autoimmune diseases cancer and other health conditions.

Professor Susumu Kitagawa of Kyoto University received the 2025 Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly with Richard Robson and Omar M. Yaghi. The citation stated: “for the development of metal–organic frameworks.”

Kitagawa’s developed metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are next-generation materials with porous properties that can store and release gases such as methane and nitrogen. These works hold significant importance for energy storage and environmental applications. With these two awards Japan’s total number of Nobel laureates reached 31.

Sakaguchi and Kitagawa received their prizes from King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden. The ceremony took place at the Stockholm Concert Hall. Japanese diplomatic representatives were among the attendees. Both scientists are 74 years old and received their awards following decades of academic work. Both prizes were shared among three individuals: Sakaguchi shared the Medicine Prize with Brunkow and Ramsdell while Kitagawa shared the Chemistry Prize with Robson and Yaghi.

Protests and Public Reactions

Protests in Stockholm

During the 2025 Nobel Prize ceremonies various protest demonstrations took place in Stockholm. A group of approximately one hundred people gathered outside the Stockholm Concert Hall (Konserthuset) claiming that some companies funding the Nobel Prizes cause environmental harm. Protesters chanted the slogan: “Stop polluting our planet.” Demonstrators carried banners and voiced criticisms of Nobel funding sources on the grounds where the ceremony was held.

This protest occurred during the hours when the Swedish Royal Family and guests were entering the Concert Hall. The demonstration ended peacefully.

A group of 100 climate activists gathered outside the Stockholm Concert Hall accusing companies funding the Nobel Prizes of profiting from environmental and forest destruction and chanting “Stop polluting our planet” on 10 December 2025 – (Anadolu Ajansı)

Protests During the Nobel Banquet

During the traditional Nobel Banquet held at the Stockholm City Hall following the ceremony additional protests occurred. Demonstrators protested against Israel’s attacks on the Gaza Strip and the United States’ potential military intervention in Venezuela.

Protesters chanted slogans in English and Swedish: “Stop the genocide in Gaza” and “Hands off Venezuela.” Banners carried during the protest read: “Israel out of Palestine” “No war in Venezuela” “End the occupation” and “No Nobel ceremony while civilians are being killed.”

During these protests Palestinian flags were displayed and demonstrators criticized the policies of the United States and the European Union. The claim that the Nobel Prizes are “funded by the United States” was raised in these actions.

Protests against Israel and the United States during the Nobel Banquet in Sweden on 10 December 2025 – (Anadolu Ajansı)

Reactions in Oslo

Some controversy surrounded the Nobel Peace Prize ceremony in Norway. The Norwegian Nobel Committee decided not to hold the traditional “torchlight procession” event in 2025. In its statement the Committee explained that this decision was made because the laureate María Corina Machado “does not align with the values of the Norwegian Nobel Committee and its member organizations.”

Additionally some groups criticized Machado for her support of Israeli and U.S. policies. During protests it was claimed that she is “a politician who dedicated her prize to U.S. President Donald Trump and welcomed the possibility of military intervention in Venezuela.”