This article was automatically translated from the original Turkish version.
Zonguldak is a province in Türkiye’s Black Sea Region region, known for its place area and association with coal mining. Zonguldak is bordered by Düzce and Bolu to the west, Karabük to the south, and Bartın to the east, and lies along the northern coast of the Black Sea. City possesses Türkiye’s largest important stone coal reserves and has been shaped economically by coal mining activities. It also holds tourism potential through its coastal beauty, caves, and forested areas. In addition to its heavily mining-based economy, row, Zonguldak is one of the region’s key trade centers due to its ports and industrial facilities.
There is no definitive consensus on the etymology of the name Zonguldak. During the Ottoman period, the region is believed to have been known as Songuldayık/Soğuldayık or Zonğuldak【1】 like.
Zonguldak’s historical development is closely tied to its geographical structure and subterranean resources. This city on the Black Sea coast has held a strategic position throughout history due especially to its coal reserves.
Zonguldak and its surroundings have been inhabited by various civilizations since antiquity. The earliest settlements in the region are estimated to date back to around 2000 BCE. As part of the Paphlagonia region mentioned in Homer’s Odyssey, Zonguldak was an important settlement center during the Hittite and Phrygian periods. Later, the Lydians and Persians took control of the area, and in the 4th century BCE it was incorporated into the territories of Alexander the Great.
During the Roman and Byzantine periods, Zonguldak and its surroundings played a significant role in coastal trade, particularly the ancient city of Ereğli (Heraclea Pontica), which experienced major growth during this era. In the Byzantine Empire, the region served as a frontier point against incursions from the east. In the late 13th century, the Genoese settled in Heraclea and Amastris (Amasra), establishing trade centers and eventually assuming administrative control over these areas.
The Spanish envoy Clavija, who visited Amastris on his way to meet Timur, reported that the main settlement area, apart from the castle, was largely in a state of ruins. This situation indicates that the Genoese primarily used the harbor and paid little attention to inland settlement. Additionally, armorial stones and carvings believed to belong to the Genoese state or prominent families of the period have been found on the region’s castles, documenting their restoration efforts.
As Anatolia power began to strengthen, the former cities of Zonguldak and its surroundings functioned as fortified town outposts. The weakening of Byzantine administration during this period led to increased security problems. The Dukkas, Byzantine officials, imposed heavy taxes and plundered ships docking at the harbors, causing the piers along the coast to lose their commercial significance. Moreover, the castles and fortresses tasked with controlling coastal trade had fallen into the hands of unregulated bands.
In this chaotic environment, the first Turk to arrive in the Zonguldak region was Emir Karatekin. In 1084, Emir Karatekin seized the territories of Bartın and Devrek, then turned toward the coast and fully conquered Zonguldak. In 1085 he captured Sinop, consolidating Turkish dominance in the region. However, due to internal conflicts between the Great Seljuks and the Anatolian Seljuks, the region did not remain under Turkish control. In 1086, Zonguldak and its surroundings reverted to Byzantine authority.
During the Fourth Crusade in 1204, the Latins captured Constantinople and established the Latin Empire. This led the Byzantines to form the Empire of Nicaea and the Empire of Trebizond. The Nicaean Byzantines expanded their borders and incorporated the Zonguldak region into their territory. In 1261, with the retreat of the Latins into their heartlands, the Byzantines returned to Constantinople and restored political unity. During this period, the Byzantines granted the Genoese the right to use the coastal piers in Zonguldak for commercial activities.
The Ottoman Empire conquered Zonguldak at the end of the 14th century and incorporated the region into its territories. Initially, the city’s economy was based on agriculture and animal husbandry, but it underwent a major transformation with the discovery of coal deposits in the 19th century. The presence of coal in Zonguldak was first identified in 1829 by Uzun Mehmet, who served in the Ottoman army. This discovery held great significance for the Ottoman state’s industrialization efforts, and coal mining activities began in the region from 1848 onward.
During the reign of Sultan Abdülmecid, coal mining became an official sector, and Zonguldak developed rapidly, attracting migration from other provinces to supply labor. The Maadin Nizamnamesi issued in 1867 placed coal production under state control, and by the end of the 19th century, Zonguldak had become one of the Ottoman Empire’s most important industrial regions.
With the proclamation of the Republic, the coal basin of Zonguldak and its surroundings retained its strategic importance. On 1 January 1924, Zonguldak became the first province established during the Republican era. Due to its coal production, it assumed a strategic role in meeting the country’s energy needs. In the 1930s, the state-established Turkish Hard Coal Corporation (TTK) brought greater systematization to mining activities in the region.
Geographically, Zonguldak lies between 41°27' and 41°50' north latitudes and 31°33' and 32°30' east longitudes. Bordered by the Black Sea to the north, Bartın to the east, Karabük to the southeast, Bolu to the south, and Düzce to the west, the province has an area of 3,481 km² and features a topography shaped by high ridges, valleys, and rivers along its coastal strip.
Zonguldak’s geographical location has held strategic importance throughout history for both sea trade and mining. Its access to the Black Sea enabled port trade and facilitated the transportation of subterranean resources. Particularly, the districts of Ereğli and Kozlu rose to prominence due to coal mining, while projects such as the Filyos Port hold a significant place in the province’s economic structure.
Zonguldak is located in Türkiye’s Black Sea Region and is under the influence of a temperate Black Sea climate. This climate type is characterized by rainfall throughout all seasons and mild temperatures, with no distinct dry season. The highest rainfall occurs in autumn and winter. The annual average temperature is approximately 13°C. During Summer months, temperatures typically range between 20–25°C, while in winter they vary between 5–10°C. Snow snowfall is rare, and when it occurs, it is generally light and short-lived. Zonguldak’s abundant rainfall contributes to its rich surface water resources, which in turn supports a dense and diverse plant cover.
Approximately 56% of Zonguldak’s area is covered by forests. Major tree species in the province include beech, oak, hornbeam, maple, Porsuk, and pine. These tree species are distributed according to different rakı levels. For example, broad-leaved trees dominate the coastal areas, while needle-leaved species are more prevalent at higher elevations. Along the coast, in addition to humid forests, patches of maquis vegetation are also found. Maquis elements are particularly concentrated near the sea and at lower elevations. Common aromatic plants in these areas include laurel, blackthorn, Oregano, and sage.
Zonguldak is a province located in the rugged section of the Black Sea Region, characterized by a mountainous terrain. Its topography consists of mountains, plateaus, valleys, and coastal plains.
Zonguldak’s surface features are largely mountainous and uneven. Within the province’s boundaries, extensions of the Western Black Sea Mountains run parallel to the coast, making access to the interior difficult. Important elevations in the province include Atyaylası Hill, Göldağı, Kantar Hill, Orhan Hill, Father Mountain, Soğukoluk Hill, Red Hill, and Bacaklı Yayla【2】. The average elevation across the province ranges between 500 and 1,500 meters.
Zonguldak’s most important river is the Filyos River. This tea originates in the borders of Karabük and Bolu, enters the province, and flows into the Black Sea. Other significant rivers include Alaplı Creek, Gülüç Creek, Üzülmez Creek, and Çaycuma River. Valleys are generally narrow and deep, formed by river erosion.
Zonguldak’s Black Sea coastline is highly indented and rugged. The coastal areas of Ereğli, Kozlu, and Zonguldak center feature natural harbors and bays. Along the Coast coast, high cliffs and rocky areas stand out. These building limit the development of coastal tourism but favor the formation of natural harbors.
Zonguldak’s Earth's surface features have shaped its economic activities. Due to its mountainous and uneven terrain, agricultural land remains limited, while mining and forestry have come to the forefront. Additionally, valleys formed by rivers and natural harbors along the coast have given the region a strategic position for transportation and trade.
Zonguldak is one of Türkiye’s most important regions for bituminous coal deposits. The province’s geological history dates primarily to the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras. During the Carboniferous period (approximately 300 million years ago), extensive swampy areas existed in this region. Organic matter accumulated in these swamps and, over millions of years under pressure and heat, transformed into bituminous coal. This process led to the formation of the region’s coal reserves and established Zonguldak as one of Türkiye’s most significant mining centers.
When examining Zonguldak’s geological structure, it is evident that the rocks are predominantly sedimentary in origin. Sandstone, kil stone, and shale from the Paleozoic era form the region’s foundation, while tectonic movements during the Carboniferous period created folded and faulted structures. Coal seams in the Zonguldak coal basin are concentrated especially in the Alacaağzı and Kozlu formations. These coals, due to their high carbon content, possess high calorific value and are of great industrial importance.
Coal formation in the province began in swampy areas. Millions of years ago, this coastal region was covered by dense vegetation in swampy conditions. Over time, these organic materials became compressed under layers of mud and sand, remaining intact in an oxygen-free environment. Under the influence of geological processes, increasing pressure and temperature transformed the organic matter into peat, then lignite, and finally bituminous coal. Today, the coal extracted in Zonguldak is bituminous coal (black coal), used both for energy production and industrial purposes. Zonguldak’s subterranean resources are not limited to coal; in some areas, limestone and clay, among other industrial raw materials, are also found.
Zonguldak province, located in the western Black Sea Region, is rich in biological diversity. Its forested and mountainous areas provide habitat for various wild animals. In addition to large mammals such as month, wolf, and wild boar, predators such as jackals, Common vole, lynx, and foxes are also present. Jackals are frequently observed near village settlements and sometimes time with humans. Foxes can chicken livestock farms.
Due to its location in the Black Sea Region and its diverse habitats, Zonguldak hosts a rich variety of bird species. Over 300 bird species have been recorded in the province to date.
Zonguldak Port and its surroundings constitute an important habitat for seabirds. Species such as the Mediterranean gull, black-headed gull, and various sandpipers are observed here. During winter months, rare bird species seeking shelter from adverse weather conditions can be easily observed within the port. In inland and forested areas, songbirds such as the sparrow, Saka, and Spinoza are commonly seen. In addition, raptors such as falcon and kestrels also inhabit the region.
Rare bird species are also found in Zonguldak. For example, in 2020, the White-browed cherry thrush, rarely seen in Türkiye, was observed in the Çaycuma district and recorded as Zonguldak’s 309th bird species. This diversity makes the region an important destination for birdwatchers and nature photographers.
To preserve wildlife and support sustainable hunting activities, the Yeşilöz Wildlife Development Area has been established in the Devrek district of Zonguldak. Covering approximately 8,500 hectares, this area holds significant potential for av tourism and nature tourism.
Zonguldak province is located in Türkiye’s Black Sea Region and, as of 2024, has a total population of 586,802. Of this population, 373,803 reside in provincial and district centers, while 212,999 live in towns and villages. The province’s annual population growth rate is recorded at -8.0. Looking at Past years, a gradual population decline is observed in Zonguldak. For instance, while the province’s population was 630,323 in 2000, it had decreased to 586,802 by 2024. This decline reflects changes in the province’s demographic dynamics.
In terms of fertility rate, Zonguldak’s total fertility rate of 1.14 child is below the national average, placing it among the provinces with the lowest fertility rates. These figures reveal the demographic changes and population dynamics in Zonguldak. The declining population and low fertility rate will significantly affect the province’s future demographic structure and socio-economic conditions.
Alaplı: 86,336
Çaycuma: 90,423
Devrek: 57,328
Ereğli: 174,468
Gökçebey: 42,536
Kilimli: 33,000
Kozlu: 50,820
Zonguldak’s economy is largely based on bituminous coal mining. The province holds a significant position in Türkiye’s bituminous coal production and contributes to industry and energy sectors. In addition, small-scale agriculture, animal husbandry, and fishing also form part of the economic structure.
Agricultural activities in Zonguldak are limited due to geographical constraints and fragmented terrain. Although mining is the primary livelihood source, small-scale agriculture and animal husbandry are still practiced. The province also produces geographically designated products such as Devrek Bastonu, Cevizli Kömeci, Beyaz Baklava, Çaycuma Manda Yoğurdu, and Karadeniz Ereğli Osmanlı Çileği.
Zonguldak is one of Türkiye’s provinces with the largest bituminous coal reserves. The coal deposits in the province hold strategic importance for industry and energy production. The total bituminous coal reserve in the region is estimated at approximately 1.5 billion tons, with 59% of this reserve located within Zonguldak’s boundaries. High-quality bituminous coal deposits are found especially in the Kozlu, Karadon, and Üzülmez areas.
Bituminous coal has played a defining role in Zonguldak’s economic and social structure. During industrialization, coal served as a fundamental raw material in iron and steel production and the energy sector, making significant contributions to regional development. Mining activities also influenced Zonguldak’s demographic structure, laying the groundwork for population growth and urban development.
Today, bituminous coal mining continues to hold an important place in Zonguldak’s economy. However, limited reserves and the environmental impacts of mining require careful planning and management for sustainability. In this context, the adoption of modern mining techniques and the evaluation of alternative energy sources are of great importance for the region’s future economic and environmental balance.
Zonguldak’s industrial structure has developed around historical bituminous coal mining. The province’s coal reserves provided the foundation for the growth of the iron and steel industry. In this context, the Ereğli Iron and Steel Works (ERDEMİR), established in the district of Ereğli, stands as one of Türkiye’s largest integrated iron and steel facilities, activity. Additionally, organized industrial zones in the province host businesses across various sectors. For example, the Zonguldak Ereğli Organized Industrial Zone, established in 1995, serves as a karma OSB to meet the region’s industrial land needs. Enterprises in this zone operate in sectors such as metal processing, machinery manufacturing, and forest products. Zonguldak plays a significant role in maritime trade due to its strategic location on the Black Sea coast. The province’s port is actively used in trade with countries bordering the Black Sea and is a critical node for coal exports and imports.
Chambers of Commerce and Industry operating in the province make important contributions to organizing and developing commercial life. The Zonguldak Chamber of Commerce and Industry, established in 1919, is one of the oldest and most established institutions in the region.
Zonguldak occupies a strategic position within the Zonguldak-Bartın-Karabük (ZBK) Development Project framework, aimed at promoting economic, social, and environmental development in Türkiye’s Western Black Sea Region. Initiated in 1997 by the State Planning Organization as a continuation of regional development plans, the project was systematized in 2010 under the Western Black Sea Development Agency (BAKKA). Under the 2024–2028 TR81 Regional Plan, Zonguldak’s development in industry, mining, logistics, and tourism is targeted.
Historically, Zonguldak has emerged as Türkiye’s most important bituminous coal production center. However, over time, the sustainability of coal mining has declined, forcing the workforce in this sector to seek employment in other fields. Therefore, strategies under the ZBK Development Project include increasing industrial diversity, encouraging technology-oriented investments, and accelerating the industrial transformation process. In particular, the Filyos Port Project enhances Zonguldak’s international trade and logistics capacity, contributing to regional industrial development. This port, targeting a 25 million ton load capacity, will make the ZBK region more competitive in foreign trade.
Beyond industry, Zonguldak’s agricultural and tourism potential is also assessed under the project. The development of sustainable agricultural techniques and the establishment of organized agricultural zones support rural development. In terms of tourism, the goal is to promote nature tourism, coastal tourism, and cultural heritage. The Sphere Mountains National Park and Filyos Coasts are evaluated within this framework.
Throughout history, Zonguldak has been known for local trades such as mining, weaving, and woodwork. The region’s natural resources and cultural structure have contributed to the development of handicrafts, particularly traditional weaving and embroidery techniques that have acquired distinctive regional characteristics.
In Zonguldak and its surroundings, local textile types known as “elpek,” “pelemet,” and “çözme bez” form the foundation of the region’s weaving tradition. In Karadeniz Ereğli, “elpek,” in Çaycuma, “pelemet,” and in other districts, “çözme bez” are woven on handlooms called “order” using flax and cotton yarn. These textiles were traditionally used in items such as bridal trousseaux, oil cloths, belts, and peşkir.
Zonguldak-specific embroidery styles developed from the 18th and 19th centuries, using raw silk and flax as base fabrics. Techniques such as Turkish work and account work are employed, with prominent embroidery methods including muşabak, straight and cross stitch, pesent, güzeme, cut lace, and wire breaking.
The Devrek cane is a unique craft product handcrafted in the Devrek district of Zonguldak. Closely associated with the region’s historical and cultural fabric, these canes are valued both as functional tools and aesthetic art artifacts. The earliest written record on Devrek canes appears in the 1892 Kastamonu Salnamesi, which mentions cane production alongside carved wooden chests and other wood items, praising the quality and craftsmanship of canes made from cranberry wood. Ottoman-era master woodworkers from Devrek, skilled in carpentry, served in the imperial workshop and further developed this art.
The traditional Classical Devrek cane is a completely handcrafted artistic piece. The shaft is made from cornelian cherry wood, while the handle is crafted from walnut wood. A common motif on the shaft is two snakes winding toward the handle. In modern production, additional decorative techniques such as paint, silver, mother-of-pearl, and copper inlay are also used. One of the most distinguishing features of the Devrek cane is that its shaft and handle are made from different materials. Additionally, a buffalo horn tip is added to the end to enhance durability.
In the district of Alaplı, the local textile known as “Çekmen Bezi” consists of thick, thin, and patterned cloths. Woven from fibers of the flax plant, these cloths are primarily produced by women. Çekmen Bezi is used not only in garments such as göynek and şalvar but also in making peşkir and other decorative items.
Wire breaking, common in Zonguldak city and its surroundings, is a decorative technique using metal wire and a flat needle. This technique is used to embellish headscarves and women’s outerwear. Wire breaking is one of the region’s characteristic embroidery techniques and continues to be practiced today.
In Çaycuma district and its surroundings, basketry holds an important place among traditional handicrafts. This craft, still practiced in villages, involves producing baskets of various sizes and shapes using natural materials. These handicrafts reflect Zonguldak’s cultural richness and historical heritage, forming an essential part of the region’s identity.
Zonguldak is one of the important tourism centers of the Black Sea Region due to its natural beauty, historical structures, and cultural heritage. The province features various tourist destinations such as caves, ancient cities, castles, coastal areas, and natural parks.
Zonguldak is one of Türkiye’s most important regions for cave tourism. The province contains numerous natural and tourist caves, some of which are open to visitors. Gökgöl Cave, located on the Zonguldak-Ankara highway, attracts attention with its illuminated walkways and geological formations. Cehennemağzı Caves are known for their mythological and historical significance; they are regarded in ancient Greek mythology as the site where Heracles completed one of his twelve labors. Caves such as Kızılelma Cave (6,630 m), Gökgöl Cave (3,350 m), Cumayanı Cave (1,100 m), and Çayırköy Cave (1,150 m) are important destinations for nature lovers and adventure seekers.
Located in the Filyos village of Çaycuma district in modern-day Zonguldak, the Tios Archaeological Site has been known by various names throughout history, including Tieion, Tianon, and Tium. Strategically positioned between Bithynia and Paphlagonia for trade and transportation, city is believed to have been founded as a colony in the 7th century BCE by a Milesian priest named Tios. From its foundation, the settlement came under the control of various kingdoms and during the Hellenistic period was ruled by the Heraclea Tyranny, Bithynia, and Pontus Kingdoms. In 70 BCE, the city came under Roman rule and flourished as a major trade center during the Roman era, later becoming a religious center in the Byzantine period.
Excavations initiated in 2006 have revealed significant information about Tios’s historical past. The initial phase of work, led by Professor Dr. Sümer Atasoy, was continued in collaboration with Karabük University and Kdz. Ereğli Museum. During archaeological excavations, Hellenistic-era city walls, architectural structures from the Roman and Byzantine periods, various ceramic fragments, and coins day to the surface. In 2009, black and red-figure pottery from the 6th century BCE and glazed ceramic fragments from the 13th century CE were discovered.
As the first and only settlement on the Black Sea coast uncovered through scientific excavation, Tios holds great historical significance. Surface surveys and excavations indicate that the city’s roads, squares, baths, places of worship, residences, and commercial centers will gradually be revealed. Research increasingly confirms that Tios provides important clues about ancient maritime trade and urban life on the Black Sea coast. As excavations continue, the goal is to acquire more information about the region’s past and integrate this ancient city into tourism.
Filyos Castle is located on a commanding nose in the Filyos village of Çaycuma district, Zonguldak province. It is believed to have been constructed by the Romans. The large stones used in its construction give the structure a strong and imposing appearance.
The castle, long in ruins, was restored in 2003 by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. The original settlement site lies on the castle hill to the north of the town. Today here, walls from the medieval castle and remains of towers dating to the Hellenistic and Roman periods have been uncovered. To the east of the castle hill, marble column and bases, marble inscriptions, stone coffins, and brick tombs have been unearthed.
Zonguldak Mining Museum, Türkiye’s first and only mineral museum, opened to the public on 9 December 2016. Museum, located in the center of Zonguldak on Bülent Ecevit Street in Çınartepe Neighborhood, was constructed on an area of approximately 7,000 square meters and includes 1,000 square meters of indoor exhibition space, garden display areas, and a 700-meter-long gallery, built on the educational facilities of the Turkish Hard Coal Corporation (TTK).
On the ground floor of the museum, information is presented on the historical development of mining and the characteristics of the Zonguldak coal basin. This section displays a model titled “Zonguldak Basin,” created by educators from the “E.K.İ. Human Power Training Branch Directorate” between 1983 and 1984 and students of the 15th Period Apprentice Course. On the first floor, measurement instruments, personal protective and rescue equipment, medical supplies, and various objects used in social life in Zonguldak’s underground mines are exhibited. On the second floor, interactive presentations and touch-screen displays provide information on coal formation, basin geology, and fossil science. This section also introduces fossils from the Carboniferous period and methods for determining rock age.
Part of the museum, the “Coal Experience Mine,” is designed to give visitors an underground mining experience. Here, a mine elevator simulator and tools and production techniques used in mining are demonstrated. With its rich collection, the Zonguldak Mining Museum offers visitors a comprehensive experience of the history of bituminous coal mining, the equipment used, and the social life of miners.
Karaelmas Mine Martyrs Museum operates in a building constructed in 1946 in Üzülmez Neighborhood, Zonguldak, originally used as a residence by the chief engineer. The building was opened as a museum on 30 December 2020. The museum provides a detailed account of the establishment of Ereğli Coal Enterprises (EKİ), the nationalization of coal companies in the city, and the formation of the Turkish Hard Coal Corporation (TTK). It also displays various materials, documents, and objects reflecting the living and work conditions of miners. Visitors can virtually explore underground mines using virtual reality technology and experience the working environment of miners.
Gazi Alemdar Ship Museum is located within Ereğli Port in the Karadeniz Ereğli district of Zonguldak. The museum is a one-to-one replica of the Alemdar Ship, which played a crucial role during the War of Independence. The Alemdar Ship was seized by patriots from occupied Istanbul and brought to Karadeniz Ereğli, where it heroically resisted French attempts to capture it. This event is recorded in history as the first and only naval battle of the War of Independence. The museum opened to the public on 8 August 2008.
Karadeniz Ereğli Museum operates in a historic building constructed in the late 19th century, known as the Halil Paşa Mansion. This three-story mansion was built on the foundation of an old church during the Sultan Abdülhamid II period by Halil Pasha, the local bey. After restoration, it opened as a museum in 1998. On the ground floor, archaeological artifacts from the Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine periods collected from Ereğli and its surroundings are exhibited, including marble tombs, sculpted column capitals, glass vessels, jewelry, various metal artifacts, lamps, and figurines.
On the first floor, coins from the Lydian, Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Abbasid, Umayyad, Sassanid, Artuqid, Seljuk, and Ottoman periods are displayed alongside baked soil amphorae. On the second floor, regional ethnographic artifacts are exhibited, including various male and female garments, the local woven fabric “elpek” and yarn, weaving tools, scarves, sacks, cover, weapons, seals, tobacco-related items, prayer beads, hour, kitchen items, measure and weighing instruments, and writing artifacts. The third floor is furnished as a museum-house in the Ottoman style, containing a sitting room, guest room, daily room, and bed room.
In the museum’s garden, column capitals, column bodys and bases, various architectural fragments, sarcophagi, and the tomb monument of the pantomime artist Krispos are displayed. The Karadeniz Ereğli Museum is a significant center reflecting the region’s cultural heritage through its rich collection and historical fabric.
Orhangazi Mosque is located in the Orhanlar neighborhood of Karadeniz Ereğli district, Zonguldak. Originally constructed during the Byzantine period as the Hagia Sophia (Holy Akıl) Church, it was converted into a mosque during the Ottoman period and named Orhangazi Mosque. The church, built in a three-nave basilica plan, underwent architectural modifications during its conversion to a mosque. In particular, the section previously used as the narthex during the church period was reconfigured as the final congregation space. Although the exact construction date is unknown, some sources date it to the reign of Roman Emperor Theodosius II (408–450 CE), indicating the structure has a history of approximately 1,600 years. After Orhan Gazi’s conquest of Ereğli, the church was converted into a mosque in the 1300s.
Yeni Mosque is located in the center of Zonguldak city, in Mithatpaşa Mahallesi, İsmet Paşa Sokak. Built in the early 20th century, this two-story structure is constructed of stone and brick, with its exterior covered in plaster. The mosque has three entrances; directly below the main entrance is an open-air şadırvan. To the right of the entrance is the mihrab, and to the left is the minbar. Parts of the mihrab, minbar, and lower wall are adorned with ceramic tiles featuring floral and geometric patterns. The ceiling is wooden, and to the right of the mosque stands a single-balcony minaret.
Zonguldak is a region offering nature tourism through its green landscape and waterfalls. Harmankaya Waterfalls are a popular destination for nature walkers and photographers. Ulutan Dam and Plateau, Bölüklü Plateau offer ideal areas for camping to do and relaxation in nature.
Zonguldak has approximately 80 kilometers of coastline with natural beaches and sandy shores. The coastal areas attract attention for sea tourism, water sports, and natural beauty. However, the province’s coastal structure does not offer wide beach areas suitable for tourism. The cliff-lined coastline defines Zonguldak’s geographical character, while some pristine beaches may be suitable for sea tourism.
The province’s coastline begins at the Bartın border in the east and continues westward through various beaches. Sazköy, Filyos, Türkali, Göbü, Hisararkası, Uzunkum, Kapuz, Karakum, Değirmenağzı, Ilıksu, Kireçlik, Armutçuk, Kdz. Ereğli, Mevreke, Alaplı, and Kocaman are among the province’s important beaches. Among these, Türkali and Göbü beaches are suitable for sea tourism, while Filyos, Ereğli, and Ilıksu beaches offer suitable areas for water sports.
Göbü Beach, located 28 kilometers from the city center near the Bartın border, is 800 meters long and 60 meters wide. Türkali Beach, 30 kilometers away, has a shoreline of 1,500 meters in length and 40 meters in width. Additionally, Filyos Beach, 35 kilometers from Zonguldak, stretches 3,000 meters in length with a width varying between 30 and 60 meters.
Since much of the city’s coastline consists of cliffs, rocky shores and natural formations take precedence over wide sandy beaches. These cliff-lined coasts, formed on folded limestone, offer a unique geological structure and serve as exploration points for nature enthusiasts.
Zonguldak’s culinary culture, shaped by the natural richness of the Black Sea and local agricultural products, features unique flavors. Vegetables, grains, and dairy products grown in the region are commonly used in traditional recipes.
Uğmaç Soup is a traditional soup made from flour, water, and milk, frequently consumed during cold winter days. Prepared by mixing water and flour into milk, it is typically sweetened with butter and red pepper flakes. In rural areas, it is made using village yogurt and homemade flour.
Malay is a traditional Black Sea dish made from cornmeal. Cornmeal is cooked in boiling water, then topped with butter and cheese. In some regions, walnuts or sugar are added to create a sweet variation. This dish, consumed at breakfast and alongside main meals, is commonly prepared in Zonguldak’s village kitchens.
Pırasalı Mancar is a regional vegetable dish from Black Sea cuisine. It is prepared with leek, barbunya, and chard (mancar). The finely chopped vegetables are sautéed with onion and cornmeal, then typically served with butter and garlic yogurt. Pırasalı Mancar, a healthy and light dish, maintains its place on Zonguldak’s traditional tables.
Cizleme is one of the Black Sea’s traditional crepe recipes. Made from flour, dry yeast, sugar, and water, the dough is cooked thin and flat on a griddle. It is commonly eaten at breakfast or with tea. Honey, cheese, or jam are served with Cizleme, making it a light dish suitable for any meal.
Çöpele is made from boiled potato. The boiled potatoes are finely chopped and topped with garlic yogurt. It is served with yogurt over which fried red pepper flakes have been sprinkled.
Yumurtalı Zılbıt is one of Zonguldak’s most famous vegetable dishes. “Zılbıt” refers to black cabbage, stinging nettle, and similar greens. These greens are boiled, then sautéed with onion and butter, and eggs are cracked on top to finish cooking. This dish, commonly eaten at breakfast or as a snack, is notable for its high nutritional value.
Chestnut Honey is a special variety of honey produced in Zonguldak and the Western Black Sea Region. Analyses conducted by the Black Sea University have confirmed this honey as the highest quality chestnut honey in Türkiye. The region’s climate and geographical structure directly influence the honey’s mineral content, making it particularly rich in calcium, potassium, manganese, and copper. This honey, derived from Chestnut flowers, distinguishes itself from other honey types with its sharp aroma and dense consistency. Known for its antiseptic and immune-boosting properties, chestnut honey is commonly used at breakfast and in dessert recipes.
White Baklava is a dessert variant distinct from classic baklava, using less syrup and retaining a whiter dough. Layers of phyllo are filled generously with walnuts or hazelnut and lightly sweetened with syrup. Due to its lower sugar content, it serves as an ideal alternative for those who find traditional baklava too heavy.
Zonguldak’s Çaycuma district is renowned for producing manda yogurt. This yogurt, with its high fat content and dense consistency, is commonly used at breakfast and in dessert preparation. Rich in calcium and protein, Manda Yogurt is an important flavor reflecting the region’s dairy culture.
Zonguldak’s educational structure has been shaped by the region’s socio-economic and cultural dynamics. According to 2023 data from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK), the average education duration for the population aged 25 and over in Zonguldak is 8.5 years. This duration is 7.6 years for women and 9.5 years for men. In terms of educational institutions, the province has a total of 389 school, including 10 preschools, 324 primary schools, and 59 general and vocational high schools.
In higher education, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University (ZBEÜ) plays a significant role. University offers education and instruction activities across 12 campuses, including 15 faculties, 9 vocational schools, 5 colleges, 36 application and research centers, one state conservatory, and three institutes.
Due to its location on the Black Sea coast and prominence in coal mining, Zonguldak has historically required transportation and infrastructure investments. The city provides road, rail, sea, and air transportation, with ongoing projects aimed at improving its transportation infrastructure.
Zonguldak’s transportation network is shaped by state and provincial roads. According to data from the General Directorate of Highways, the province has 190 kilometers of state roads and 214 kilometers of provincial roads. Of the state roads, 127 kilometers are asphalt concrete and 63 kilometers are surface paving, while the majority of provincial roads are also surface paved.
Zonguldak was connected to Ankara and Central Anatolia via the Irmak-Zonguldak railway line completed in 1937. Zonguldak Station serves as the northern terminal of this line. Today, the Zonguldak-Filyos Regional Train, operated by TCDD Transportation, runs three daily round trips. These train services hold significant importance for local passenger transportation.
Zonguldak is one of the active port cities on the Black Sea. Zonguldak Port is the main port serving the province’s cargo and passenger transportation. Additionally, the ports of Karadeniz Ereğli and Amasra hold great importance for regional maritime trade. These ports are strategically positioned for transporting coal and industrial products. Zonguldak province’s most important port is the Filyos Port. Located in the Filyos village of Çaycuma district on the Black Sea coast, it is a strategic cargo port. Designed as Türkiye’s third-largest port, it has an annual cargo capacity of 25 million tons.
Filyos Port opened in 2021. As part of its infrastructure development, a 2,450-meter-long main breakwater, a 1,370-meter-long secondary breakwater, and a 3,000-meter wharf with depths between 14 and 19 meters have been constructed. Filyos Port was implemented as part of the Filyos Valley Project, which also includes the Filyos Industry Region and a free zone, aiming to significantly contribute to regional economic development. Additionally, construction of the Filyos Natural Gas Processing Plant is ongoing in the port area to process natural gas discovered in the Black Sea. This facility will play a critical role in processing raw natural gas transported via undersea pipelines and transferring it to the national gas grid.
Air access to Zonguldak is provided through the Zonguldak Çaycuma Airport located in Çaycuma district. The airport, open to domestic and international hat flights, draws attention particularly through its connections to European countries. Germany and many other European countries are served by direct flights.
In Zonguldak, village roads, urban transportation networks, and large-scale transportation projects are continuously being developed. The Zonguldak Provincial Special Administration conducts works such as grading, filling, asphalt, stabilized, and concrete-paved paving on village roads. Additionally, the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure continues modernizing the province’s transportation infrastructure through its projects. In particular, road expansion projects and port capacity increases aim to enhance the province’s trade and logistics capabilities.
The active Governor of Zonguldak is Osman HACIBEKTAŞOĞLU. Osman HACIBEKTAŞOĞLU, who served as Governor of Siirt from 2020 to 2023, was appointed Governor of Zonguldak by Presidential Decree No. 2023/376 published in the Official Gazette on 10 August 2023.
[1]
Nişanyan Place Names, “Zonguldak (province),” Last access: 14 February 2025
[2]
Republic of Türkiye Zonguldak Governorate, “Geography,” Zonguldak, Last accessed: 14 February 2025
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Etimology
History
Ancient Period
Anatolian Seljuk Period
Ottoman Period
Republican Period
Geography
Location and Boundaries
Climate and Vegetation
Landforms
Mountains and Elevations
Valleys and Rivers
Coastline and Coastal Features
Geological Structure and Coal Formation
Wildlife
Demographic Structure
Districts and Population (2024)
Economy
Agriculture and Animal Husbandry
Mining
Trade and Industry
Zonguldak, Bartın, Karabük (ZBK) Regional Development Project
Culture and Tourism
Traditional Handicrafts
Devrek Cane Craft
Çekmen Cloth Weaving
Wire Breaking Craft
Basketry
Tourist Sites
Caves
Filyos Tios Archaeological Site
Filyos Castle
Zonguldak Mining Museum
Karaelmas Mine Martyrs Museum
Gazi Alemdar Ship Museum
Karadeniz Ereğli Museum
Orhangazi Mosque
Yeni Mosque
Waterfalls and Natural Beauties
Coastlines and Beaches
Zonguldak Cuisine
Uğmaç Soup
Malay
Pırasalı Mancar
Cizleme
Çöpele
Yumurtalı Zılbıt
Chestnut Honey
White Baklava
Manda Yogurt
Education
Transportation and Infrastructure
Road Transportation
Rail Transportation
Maritime Transportation
Air Transportation
Infrastructure Projects
Local Administration
Governor
Former Governors